Immune cell changes in response to a swimming training session during a 24-h recovery period

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Morgado ◽  
Cristina P. Monteiro ◽  
Júlia Teles ◽  
Joana F. Reis ◽  
Catarina Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Cell Changes ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the impact of training sessions on the immune response is crucial for the adequate periodization of training, to prevent both a negative influence on health and a performance impairment of the athlete. This study evaluated acute systemic immune cell changes in response to an actual swimming session, during a 24-h recovery period, controlling for sex, menstrual cycle phases, maturity, and age group. Competitive swimmers (30 females, 15 ± 1.3 years old; and 35 males, 16.5 ± 2.1 years old) performed a high-intensity training session. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 2 h after, and 24 h after exercise. Standard procedures for the assessment of leukogram by automated counting (Coulter LH 750, Beckman) and lymphocytes subsets by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur BD, Biosciences) were used. Subjects were grouped according to competitive age groups and pubertal Tanner stages. Menstrual cycle phase was monitored. The training session induced neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and a low eosinophil count, lasting for at least 2 h, independent of sex and maturity. At 24 h postexercise, the acquired immunity of juniors (15–17 years old), expressed by total lymphocytes and total T lymphocytes (CD3+), was not fully recovered. This should be accounted for when planning a weekly training program. The observed lymphopenia suggests a lower immune surveillance at the end of the session that may depress the immunity of athletes, highlighting the need for extra care when athletes are exposed to aggressive environmental agents such as swimming pools.

IMPACT OF FACEBOOK ADDICTION DISORDER (FAD) ON STUDY HABITS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Shivani Vashishtha ◽  
Sona Ahuja ◽  
Mani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Study Habits ◽  
Study Habit ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Facebook Addiction ◽  
The Impact

With the present era being technology driven, social media has become an indispensable part of many people irrespective of their age. Among different age groups, the maximum users are adolescents and among different social networking sites (SNS), Facebook shares the major part of usage by them. Many adolescents are tending towards excessive usage of Facebook leading to its addiction. Does this addiction have negative influence on adolescents or it actually helps them to keep up with their counterparts and be socially connected to them for their betterment? This question is unanswered specifically when it concerns the impact that it has on the study habits and academic achievement of adolescents. The hypotheses were tested in order to explore the impact of six dimensions (mood modification, deficient self-regulations, salience, loss of control, withdrawal, and relapse) of Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) using Bergens' Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), developed by Andreassen (2012). The results are based on the survey conducted on 200 adolescents studying in different schools of India. The findings indicate that there is a significant negative impact of Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) on study habits and academic achievement of adolescents. The major implication derived is that the higher the addiction to Facebook the study habit become poor and academic achievement decreases resulting in lower grades.

scholarly journals Endogenous Oxytocin Levels in Relation to Food Intake, Menstrual Phase, and Age in Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1348-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aulinas ◽  
Reitumetse L Pulumo ◽  
Elisa Asanza ◽  
Christopher J Mancuso ◽  
Meghan Slattery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Females

Abstract Context Oxytocin regulates a range of physiological processes including eating behavior and oxytocin administration reduces caloric intake in males. There are few data on oxytocin and eating behavior in healthy females or on the response of endogenous oxytocin to food intake and its relationship to appetite in humans. Objectives To determine the postprandial pattern of oxytocin levels, the relationship between oxytocin and appetite, and the impact of menstrual cycle phase and age on oxytocin levels in females. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Clinical research center. Participants Fifty-five healthy females (age 10 to 45 years). Interventions A standardized mixed meal was administered. Main Outcome Measurements Blood sampling for oxytocin occurred at fasting and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes postmeal. Appetite was assessed using Visual Analogue Scales pre- and postmeal. Results Mean fasting oxytocin levels were 1011.2 ± 52.3 pg/mL (SEM) and decreased at 30 and 60 minutes postmeal (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Mean oxytocin levels decreased19.6% ± 3.0% from baseline to nadir. Oxytocin area under the curve was lower in the early to midfollicular menstrual cycle phase (P = 0.0003) and higher in younger females (P = 0.002). The percent change in oxytocin (baseline to nadir) was associated with postprandial hunger (rs = -0.291, P = 0.03) and fullness (rs = 0.345, P = 0.009). These relations remained significant after controlling for calories consumed, menstrual cycle status, and age (P = 0.023 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions Peripheral oxytocin levels in females decrease after a mixed meal and are associated with appetite independent of menstrual phase, age, and caloric intake, suggesting that endogenous oxytocin levels may play a role in perceived hunger and satiety.

scholarly journals Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review of Research Examining the Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase and Ovarian Hormones on Smoking and Cessation

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Weinberger ◽  
P. H. Smith ◽  
S. S. Allen ◽  
K. P. Cosgrove ◽  
M. E. Saladin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Impact

Impact of the menstrual cycle on peripheral vascular function in premenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (6) ◽  
pp. H1327-H1337
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Williams ◽  
Emily C. Dunford ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
The Impact

Fluctuations in endogenous hormones estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle may offer vasoprotection for endothelial and smooth muscle (VSM) function. While numerous studies have been published, the results are conflicting, leaving our understanding of the impact of the menstrual cycle on vascular function unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to consolidate available research exploring the role of the menstrual cycle on peripheral vascular function. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE was performed for articles evaluating peripheral endothelial and VSM function across the natural menstrual cycle: early follicular (EF) phase versus late follicular (LF), early luteal, mid luteal, or late luteal. A meta-analysis examined the effect of the menstrual cycle on the standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcome measures. Analysis from 30 studies ( n = 1,363 women) observed a “very low” certainty of evidence that endothelial function increased in the LF phase (SMD: 0.45, P = 0.0001), with differences observed in the macrovasculature but not in the microvasculature (SMD: 0.57, P = 0.0003, I2 = 84%; SMD: 0.21, P = 0.17, I2 = 34%, respectively). However, these results are partially explained by differences in flow-mediated dilation [e.g., discrete (SMD: 0.86, P = 0.001) vs. continuous peak diameter assessment (SMD: 0.25, P = 0.30)] and/or menstrual cycle phase methodologies. There was a “very low” certainty that endothelial function was largely unchanged in the luteal phases, and VSM was unchanged across the cycle. The menstrual cycle appears to have a small effect on macrovascular endothelial function but not on microvascular or VSM function; however, these results can be partially attributed to methodological differences.

scholarly journals Influence of Peak Menstrual Cycle Hormonal Changes on Restoration of Fluid Balance After Induced Dehydration

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-657
Author(s):  
Paola Rodriguez-Giustiniani ◽  
Stuart D.R. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
The Impact

The present study examined the impact of hormonal differences between late follicular (LF) and midluteal (ML) phases on restoration of fluid balance following dehydration. Ten eumenorrheic female participants were dehydrated by 2% of their body mass through overnight fluid restriction followed by exercise-heat stress. Trials were undertaken during the LF (between Days 10 and 13 of the menstrual cycle) and ML phases (between Days 18 and 23 of the menstrual cycle) with one phase repeated to assess reliability of observations. Following dehydration, participants ingested a volume equivalent to 100% of mass loss of a commercially available sports drink in four equal volumes over 30 min. Mean serum values for steroid hormones during the ML (estradiol [E2]: 92 ± 11 pg/ml, progesterone: 19 ± 4 ng/ml) and LF (estradiol [E2]: 232 ± 64 pg/ml, progesterone: 3 ± 2 ng/ml) were significantly different between phases. Urine tests confirmed no luteinizing hormone surge evident during LF trials. There was no effect of menstrual cycle phase on cumulative urine volume during the 3-hr rehydration period (ML: 630 [197–935] ml, LF: 649 [180–845] ml) with percentage of fluid retained being 47% (33–85)% on ML and 46% (37–89)% on LF (p = .29). There was no association between the progesterone:estradiol ratio and fluid retained in either phase. Net fluid balance, urine osmolality, and thirst intensity were not different between phases. No differences in sodium (ML: −61 [−36 to −131] mmol, LF: −73 [−5 to −118] mmol; p = .45) or potassium (ML: −36 [−11 to −80] mmol, LF: −30 [−19 to −89] mmol; p = .96) balance were observed. Fluid replacement after dehydration does not appear to be affected by normal hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic young women.

scholarly journals The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Athletes’ Performance: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Mikaeli Anne Carmichael ◽  
Rebecca Louise Thomson ◽  
Lisa Jane Moran ◽  
Thomas Philip Wycherley
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the menstrual cycle on physical performance is being increasingly recognised as a key consideration for women’s sport and a critical field for further research. This narrative review explores the findings of studies investigating the effects of menstrual cycle phase on perceived and objectively measured performance in an athletic population. Studies examining perceived performance consistently report that female athletes identify their performance to be relatively worse during the early follicular and late luteal phases. Studies examining objective performance (using anaerobic, aerobic or strength-related tests) do not report clear, consistent effects of the impact of menstrual cycle phase on physical performance. Overall sport performance can be influenced by both perceived and physical factors. Hence, to optimise performance and management of eumenorrheic female athletes, there is a need for further research to quantify the impact of menstrual cycle phase on perceived and physical performance outcomes and to identify factors affecting variability in objective performance outcomes between studies.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF HARMFUL WORKING CONDITIONS AND SMOKING ON THE HEALTH OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadiy A. Sorokin ◽  
S. A. Syurin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Currently, the main influence of adverse working conditions is manifested not only by the level of occupational morbidity and injuries but by the general state of health of employed persons. Among the most significant non-occupational exposure is tobacco smoking. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the influence of the factor “harmful working conditions” (Fwc) and the factor “Smoking” (Fsmo) on the prevalence and rate of development of the most frequently diagnosed chronic diseases in industrial workers. Material and methods. Working conditions, medical examination data and smoking status of 2810 Apatite-nepheline and copper-Nickel miners were studied (cross section study). Population risk (PR) and its annual increase (GPR) were studied in six classes of diseases: circulatory system (CS), digestive system (DS), genitourinary system (GUS), respiratory system (RS), musculoskeletal system (MSS), skin and subcutaneous tissue (SST), nervous system (NS). Morbidity factors were characterized by the duration of their exposure: harmful working conditions - work experience not related to age and duration of smoking; non - professional factors - age of employees not related to work experience and smoking; smoking-its duration not related to age and work experience. Results. Population rates among non-smokers and smokers, in groups with the same average age and work experience, did not differ statistically, except for CS, the frequency of which is lower in smokers. It can be assumed that these data refer to “paradoxical cases” in which the Fwc effect is masked by employee turnover. In contrast to extensive indices of PR, GPR indices of the majority of classes of diseases-accurately reveal negative influence of smoking on a state of health of miners. Conclusion. 1. For quantitative comparison of negative effects on the health of workers of Fwc and Fsmo it is necessary to use indices PR of dynamics in certain experience and age groups. 2. The impact of the Fwc on the GPR is more pronounced than Fsmo for MSS, RS, NS. The influence of Fsmo exceeds a Fwc for SST, CS and DS. 3. An annual gain in the risk of chronic diseases (except MSS), not differentiated by their classes, s in smokers is by 1.6 times more than in non-smokers.

scholarly journals The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Elite Athlete Performance: A Critical and Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Meignié ◽  
Martine Duclos ◽  
Christopher Carling ◽  
Emmanuel Orhant ◽  
Peggy Provost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
The Impact

Background: In elite athletes, training individualization is widely recommended to optimize competitive performance. Previous studies have evidenced the impact of hormonal fluctuations on different performance parameters among female athletes. While consideration of menstrual cycle (MC) phases as a parameter in training individualization strategies is necessary, systematic evidence identifying such impacts in elite athletes should be evaluated.Objective: Systematically review publications that have investigated the link between MC phases and performance in elite female athletes. The overarching aim is to identify whether a consensus across studies exists enabling evidence-based recommendations for training individualization depending on menstrual cycle phases.Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three major scientific publication databases were searched from inception until November 3, 2020. Studies included focused on the influence of physiological or psychological parameters throughout at least one phase of the menstrual cycle of elite athletes.Results: A total of 780 search results were yielded and 26 references from a past bibliography were added manually. About 662 papers were reviewed of which 218 studies were assessed for eligibility. Of these, only seven (1%) precisely investigated the influence of a performance or physical parameter during at least one menstrual cycle phase. These seven studies included a total of 314 elite female participants (20.58 ± 1.91 years). Three used interviews, questionnaires or prospective analyses of reports. Four conducted several performance tests or included physical measures although only two performed tests during training or before/during competition. Among the seven studies, five performed hormonal testing through sampling of blood, saliva, or urine. The remaining relied on athletes’ menstruation diaries. The current evidence suggests a variable association between menstrual cycle and a few performance-related outcomes, such as endurance or power resistance, ligament stiffness, decision making skills, psychology, or competitiveness.Conclusion: Different sports performance-related parameters are affected during the menstrual cycle among elite athletes, but the parameters themselves and the magnitude and the direction of the effects are inconclusive. Additional longitudinal and prospective studies to systematically monitor on-field performance parameters are urgently required in order to enable recommendations and training individualization in female elite athletes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Economic Choice and Rationality

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0144080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Lazzaro ◽  
Robb B. Rutledge ◽  
Daniel R. Burghart ◽  
Paul W. Glimcher
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Economic Choice ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Defending the Queen’s Pride: Effect of the menstrual cycle phase on conspicuous consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Mei Li ◽  
Nan Liu ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Fang-Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Women experience both physical and psychological changes during different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC), which can affect their decision making. The present study aims to investigate the impact of the MC on women’s preferences for conspicuous consumption. In three studies, women in the low-fertility phase were found to be more inclined toward conspicuous consumption, with the MC effect on conspicuous consumption being mediated by the extent of pride. We assumed that women in the low-fertility phase would feel less proud due to an evolutionary drive and that they would consume conspicuous products as a means of compensation. Meanwhile, women who were only children did not manifest such behavior. We infer that women from one-child families may have a greater sense of security and confidence, which buffers the mediating effect. This research contributes to both evolutionary psychology and marketing research and provides new insights for future studies.

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