scholarly journals Endogenous Oxytocin Levels in Relation to Food Intake, Menstrual Phase, and Age in Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1348-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aulinas ◽  
Reitumetse L Pulumo ◽  
Elisa Asanza ◽  
Christopher J Mancuso ◽  
Meghan Slattery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Females

Abstract Context Oxytocin regulates a range of physiological processes including eating behavior and oxytocin administration reduces caloric intake in males. There are few data on oxytocin and eating behavior in healthy females or on the response of endogenous oxytocin to food intake and its relationship to appetite in humans. Objectives To determine the postprandial pattern of oxytocin levels, the relationship between oxytocin and appetite, and the impact of menstrual cycle phase and age on oxytocin levels in females. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Clinical research center. Participants Fifty-five healthy females (age 10 to 45 years). Interventions A standardized mixed meal was administered. Main Outcome Measurements Blood sampling for oxytocin occurred at fasting and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes postmeal. Appetite was assessed using Visual Analogue Scales pre- and postmeal. Results Mean fasting oxytocin levels were 1011.2 ± 52.3 pg/mL (SEM) and decreased at 30 and 60 minutes postmeal (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Mean oxytocin levels decreased19.6% ± 3.0% from baseline to nadir. Oxytocin area under the curve was lower in the early to midfollicular menstrual cycle phase (P = 0.0003) and higher in younger females (P = 0.002). The percent change in oxytocin (baseline to nadir) was associated with postprandial hunger (rs = -0.291, P = 0.03) and fullness (rs = 0.345, P = 0.009). These relations remained significant after controlling for calories consumed, menstrual cycle status, and age (P = 0.023 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions Peripheral oxytocin levels in females decrease after a mixed meal and are associated with appetite independent of menstrual phase, age, and caloric intake, suggesting that endogenous oxytocin levels may play a role in perceived hunger and satiety.

scholarly journals Menstrual Cycle and Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer: Findings From the NCCTG N9431 Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3620-3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive S. Grant ◽  
James N. Ingle ◽  
Vera J. Suman ◽  
Daniel A. Dumesic ◽  
D. Lawrence Wickerham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menstrual History

Purpose For nearly two decades, multiple retrospective reports, small prospective studies, and meta-analyses have arrived at conflicting results regarding the value of timing surgical intervention for breast cancer on the basis of menstrual cycle phase. We present the results of a multi–cooperative group, prospective, observational trial of menstrual cycle phase and outcome after breast cancer surgery, led by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) in collaboration with the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Patients and Methods Premenopausal women age 18 to 55 years, who were interviewed for menstrual history and who were surgically treated for stages I to II breast cancer, had serum drawn within 1 day of surgery for estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels. Menstrual history and hormone levels were used to determine menstrual phase: luteal, follicular, and other. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 1,118 women initially enrolled, 834 women comprised the study cohort: 230 (28%) in luteal phase; 363 (44%) in follicular phase; and 241 grouped as other. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, and in analysis that accounted for nodal disease, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, neither DFS nor OS differed with respect to menstrual phase. The 5-year DFS rates were 82.7%, 82.1%, and 79.2% for follicular, luteal, or other phases, respectively. Corresponding OS survival rates were 91.9%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Conclusion When menstrual cycle phases were strictly defined, neither DFS nor OS differed between women who underwent surgery during the follicular phase versus the luteal phase. Nearly 30% of the patients did not meet criteria for either follicular- or luteal-phase categories.

scholarly journals Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review of Research Examining the Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase and Ovarian Hormones on Smoking and Cessation

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Weinberger ◽  
P. H. Smith ◽  
S. S. Allen ◽  
K. P. Cosgrove ◽  
M. E. Saladin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Impact

203 PLASMA MEMBRANE Ca2+-PUMPING ATPase 1 IS ABUNDANTLY EXPRESSED AND DISTINCTLY REGULATED BY ESTROGEN IN HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
H. Yang ◽  
E.-B. Jeung
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Total N ◽  
High Level

Plasma membrane Ca2+-pumping ATPases (PMCA) play a critical role in maintaining cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The PMCA mRNA are encoded on 4 genes, designated PMCA1 to PMCA4. In a previous study, we found that both PMCA1 and PMCA4 are expressed at similar levels in astrocytes and in neurons. Although PMCA1b is expressed in the uterus of rats during the oestrous cycle, the expression of PMCA1 and its potential roles has not been elucidated during the menstrual cycle in the human endometrium. Thus, in the current study, the expression pattern of PMCA1 was examined to predict its roles in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Human uterine tissues (total n = 40) were separated into 3 groups according to menstrual cycle phase: menstrual phase, proliferative phase (early, mid, late), and secretory phase (early, mid, late). Using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, uterine expression of PMCA1 mRNA and protein increased to 1.5-fold in the early-, mid- and late-proliferative phases in the endometrium of the human uterus, compared with other menstrual phases. In addition, uterine PMCA1 was abundantly localised in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells in the menstrual phases, indicating that this protein may participate in the uterine Ca balance of the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Taken together, these results suggest that a high level of uterine PMCA1 expression may be involved in reproductive functions during the menstrual cycle of humans.

Luteal and follicular glucose fluxes during rest and exercise in 3-h postabsorptive women

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hoon Suh ◽  
Gretchen A. Casazza ◽  
Michael A. Horning ◽  
Benjamin F. Miller ◽  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Glucose Flux ◽  
Ergometer Cycling ◽  
Rest And Exercise

We examined the effects of exercise intensity and menstrual cycle phase on glucose flux rates during rest and exercise in rested and fed (3-h postabsorptive) women. Eight moderately active, eumenorrheic women were studied under conditions of rest (90 min) and exercise (60 min, leg ergometer cycling at 45 and 65% peak oxygen consumption) during follicular and luteal phases. In both menstrual phases, an effect of exercise intensity was evident with glucose rates of appearance and disappearance and metabolic clearance rates: rest < 45% intensity < 65% intensity ( P < 0.05). In addition, we observed no significant effect of menstrual phase on glucose rates of appearance and disappearance and metabolic clearance rate during rest or exercise at either intensity. These results are interpreted to mean that in women fed several hours before study 1) glucose flux is directly related to exercise intensity, 2) menstrual cycle phase does not alter glucose flux during rest and exercise, and 3) the subtle effects of endogenous ovarian hormones on glucose kinetics are subordinate to the much larger effects of exercise and recent carbohydrate nutrition.

scholarly journals Influences of the Menstrual Phase on Cortisol Response to Stress in Nicotine Dependent Women: A Preliminary Examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Nakajima ◽  
Sharon Allen ◽  
Mustafa al’Absi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Smoking Withdrawal

Abstract Introduction Evidence indicates that menstrual cycle phase plays a role in smoking withdrawal symptoms and craving. Stress increases these symptoms. Whether the stress regulatory mechanism is associated with menstrual phase and withdrawal symptoms is not well understood. Methods Thirty-seven female smokers and 16 female nonsmokers were asked to complete a laboratory session. In each group, approximately half of the participants were tested when they were in the follicular phase and the other half was tested in the luteal phase. The session included resting baseline, stress, and recovery periods. Saliva samples for the measurement of cortisol and subjective measures of craving and withdrawal symptoms were collected at the end of each period. Results A series of repeated measures analysis of covariance found a significant smoking group × menstrual phase × sampling time interaction in cortisol levels (p < .05). Follow-up analyses indicated a reduced cortisol stress response in the luteal group relative to the follicular group in smokers (p < .02). This difference was not found in nonsmokers. Conclusions Menstrual cycle phase is related to hormonal stress response and smoking withdrawal symptomatology. Implications We show influences of the menstrual cycle phase on stress response among smokers. This is demonstrated by a reduced cortisol response to stress in the luteal group relative to the follicular group among smokers. This menstrual phase difference was not found in nonsmokers.

scholarly journals The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Athletes’ Performance: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Mikaeli Anne Carmichael ◽  
Rebecca Louise Thomson ◽  
Lisa Jane Moran ◽  
Thomas Philip Wycherley
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the menstrual cycle on physical performance is being increasingly recognised as a key consideration for women’s sport and a critical field for further research. This narrative review explores the findings of studies investigating the effects of menstrual cycle phase on perceived and objectively measured performance in an athletic population. Studies examining perceived performance consistently report that female athletes identify their performance to be relatively worse during the early follicular and late luteal phases. Studies examining objective performance (using anaerobic, aerobic or strength-related tests) do not report clear, consistent effects of the impact of menstrual cycle phase on physical performance. Overall sport performance can be influenced by both perceived and physical factors. Hence, to optimise performance and management of eumenorrheic female athletes, there is a need for further research to quantify the impact of menstrual cycle phase on perceived and physical performance outcomes and to identify factors affecting variability in objective performance outcomes between studies.

scholarly journals The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Elite Athlete Performance: A Critical and Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Meignié ◽  
Martine Duclos ◽  
Christopher Carling ◽  
Emmanuel Orhant ◽  
Peggy Provost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
The Impact

Background: In elite athletes, training individualization is widely recommended to optimize competitive performance. Previous studies have evidenced the impact of hormonal fluctuations on different performance parameters among female athletes. While consideration of menstrual cycle (MC) phases as a parameter in training individualization strategies is necessary, systematic evidence identifying such impacts in elite athletes should be evaluated.Objective: Systematically review publications that have investigated the link between MC phases and performance in elite female athletes. The overarching aim is to identify whether a consensus across studies exists enabling evidence-based recommendations for training individualization depending on menstrual cycle phases.Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three major scientific publication databases were searched from inception until November 3, 2020. Studies included focused on the influence of physiological or psychological parameters throughout at least one phase of the menstrual cycle of elite athletes.Results: A total of 780 search results were yielded and 26 references from a past bibliography were added manually. About 662 papers were reviewed of which 218 studies were assessed for eligibility. Of these, only seven (1%) precisely investigated the influence of a performance or physical parameter during at least one menstrual cycle phase. These seven studies included a total of 314 elite female participants (20.58 ± 1.91 years). Three used interviews, questionnaires or prospective analyses of reports. Four conducted several performance tests or included physical measures although only two performed tests during training or before/during competition. Among the seven studies, five performed hormonal testing through sampling of blood, saliva, or urine. The remaining relied on athletes’ menstruation diaries. The current evidence suggests a variable association between menstrual cycle and a few performance-related outcomes, such as endurance or power resistance, ligament stiffness, decision making skills, psychology, or competitiveness.Conclusion: Different sports performance-related parameters are affected during the menstrual cycle among elite athletes, but the parameters themselves and the magnitude and the direction of the effects are inconclusive. Additional longitudinal and prospective studies to systematically monitor on-field performance parameters are urgently required in order to enable recommendations and training individualization in female elite athletes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Economic Choice and Rationality

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0144080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Lazzaro ◽  
Robb B. Rutledge ◽  
Daniel R. Burghart ◽  
Paul W. Glimcher
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Economic Choice ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on the Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Elite Australian Football Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9591
Author(s):  
Mikaeli A. Carmichael ◽  
Rebecca L. Thomson ◽  
Lisa J. Moran ◽  
Joel R. Dunstan ◽  
Maximillian J. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Squeeze Pressure ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the menstrual cycle on athlete performance, wellbeing and perceived exertion and fatigue is not well understood. Furthermore, it has not been investigated specifically in Australian Football athletes. This pilot study aimed to explore how naturally menstruating Australian Football athletes may be affected by menstrual cycle phase. The data collected from the routine monitoring of five naturally menstruating athletes (average menstrual cycle length of 28 ± 3 [SD] days) in one team (athlete age range 18–35 years) competing in the Women’s Australian Football League during the 2019 season were retrospectively analysed to compare performance (countermovement jump parameters and adductor squeeze pressure), perceived exertion, perceived fatigue and wellbeing (perceived sleep quality, stress and soreness) outcomes between the follicular and luteal phases. Performance, perceived exertion, stress and soreness did not appear to be affected by menstrual cycle phase (p > 0.17). However, perceived fatigue appeared to be significantly greater (p = 0.042) and sleep quality worse (p = 0.005) in the luteal phase. This pilot study suggests further research focusing on the effect of menstrual cycle phase on subjective fatigue and wellbeing is warranted.

scholarly journals Menstrual cycle phase does not modulate whole body heat loss during exercise in hot, dry conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Notley ◽  
Sheila Dervis ◽  
Martin P. Poirier ◽  
Glen P. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Body Heat

Menstrual cycle phase has long been thought to modulate thermoregulatory function. However, information pertaining to the effects of menstrual phase on time-dependent changes in whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange during exercise-induced heat stress and the specific heat load at which menstrual phase modulates whole body heat loss remained unavailable. We therefore used direct calorimetry to continuously assess whole body dry and evaporative exchange in 12 habitually active, non-endurance-trained, eumenorrheic women [21 ± 3 (SD) yr] within the early-follicular, late-follicular, and midluteal menstrual phases during three 30-min bouts of cycling at increasing fixed exercise intensities of 40% (Low), 55% (Moderate), and 70% (High) peak oxygen uptake, each followed by a 15-min recovery, in hot, dry conditions (40°C, 15% relative humidity). This model elicited equivalent rates of metabolic heat production among menstrual phases ( P = 0.80) of ~250 (Low), ~340 (Moderate), and ~430 W (High). However, dry and evaporative heat exchange and the resulting changes in net heat loss (dry ± evaporative heat exchange) were similar among phases (all P > 0.05), with net heat loss averaging 216 ± 43 (Low), 287 ± 63 (Moderate), and 331 ± 75 W (High) across phases. Accordingly, cumulative body heat storage (summation of heat production and loss) across all exercise bouts was similar among phases ( P = 0.55), averaging 464 ± 122 kJ. For some time, menstrual cycle phase has been thought to modulate heat dissipation; however, we show that menstrual cycle phase does not influence the contribution of whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange or the resulting changes in net heat loss or body heat storage, irrespective of the heat load. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Menstrual phase has long been thought to modulate thermoregulatory function in eumenorrheic women during exercise-induced heat stress. Contrary to that perception, we show that when assessed in young, non-endurance-trained women within the early-follicular, late-follicular, and midluteal phases during three incremental exercise-induced heat loads in hot, dry conditions, menstrual phase does not modify whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange or the resulting changes in body heat storage, regardless of the heat load employed.

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