Acidity of and the concentrations of major and minor metals in the surface waters of bryophyte assemblages from 20 North American bogs and fens

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F Mullen ◽  
Jan A Janssens ◽  
Eville Gorham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Elemental Abundance ◽  
Secondary Axis ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Primary Axis ◽  
Components Analysis

One hundred and thirty-five samples of surface water, associated with bryophyte plots distributed across 20 wetlands in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Alaska, Maine, Minnesota, and New York, were analyzed for pH and 11 elements, several of them seldom measured in wetlands. The overall order of elemental abundance was the following: Ca, Si, Na, Mg, Fe, K, Al, Mn, Sr, Ba, and Ti. Principal-components analysis of the pH and elemental chemistries of the water samples revealed seven subcategories that could be recognized as belonging to maritime and continental ombrotrophic bogs and poor, rich, and calcareous rich fens. The primary axis related to pH and the concentrations of alkaline earths, as well as to Si. The secondary axis segregated an unusual group of Alaskan fens; it was related mainly to Fe and Mn, and to a lesser degree Al and K. The tertiary axis separated maritime from continental bogs and was related chiefly to Na. The distribution of bryophyte species, most of them widespread in bogs and fens elsewhere, was most clearly related to pH and Ca concentration. As expected, many species exhibited narrow ranges of these chemical properties, whereas many others were widely distributed.Key words: mosses, peatlands, species diversity, water chemistry.

scholarly journals Fast UHPLC-MS/MS for the Simultaneous Determination of Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Fluoxetine and Sotalol in Surface Water Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8316
Author(s):  
Mira Azzi ◽  
Sylvain Ravier ◽  
Assem Elkak ◽  
Bruno Coulomb ◽  
Jean-Luc Boudenne
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

Chromatographic development for the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental water samples is particularly challenging when the analytes have significantly different physico-chemical properties (solubility, polarity, pKa) often requiring multiple chromatographic methods for each active component. This paper presents a method for the simultaneous determination of azithromycin, erythromycin (antibiotics), fluoxetine (anti-depressant) and sotalol (b-blocker) in surface waters by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These pharmaceuticals—presenting a broad spectrum of polarity (0.24 ≤ log Kow ≤ 4.05)—were separated on a C-18 analytical column, after a simple filtration step for freshwater samples or after a liquid–liquid extraction with Methyl-tertio-butyl ether (MTBE) for seawater samples. The optimized separation method (in terms of nature of column and eluent, elution gradient, and of mass spectrometric parameters), enable one to reach limits of detection ranging between 2 and 7 ng L−1 and limits of quantification between 7 and 23 ng L−1 for the four targeted molecules, within a three minute run. This method was validated using samples collected from three different surface waters in Lebanon (freshwater and seawater) and analytical results were compared with those obtained in surface waters sampled in a French river, equivalent in terms of human activities. Using this method, we report the highest concentration of pharmaceuticals found in surface water (up to 377 ng L−1 and 268 ng L−1, respectively, for azithromycin and erythromycin, in the Litani river, Lebanon).

Simulation of Water Age and Residence Time in New York Bight

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng G. Zhang ◽  
John L. Wilkin ◽  
Oscar M. E. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Water Age ◽  
New York Bight ◽  
Island Coast

Abstract The time scales on which river inflows disperse in the coastal ocean are relevant to a host of biogeochemical and environmental processes. These time scales are examined in a modeling study of the Hudson River plume on its entry to the New York Bight (NYB). Constituent-oriented age and residence-time theory is applied to compute two time scales: mean age, which is calculated from the ratio of two model tracers, and residence time, which is calculated using the adjoint of the tracer conservation equation. Spatial and temporal variability associated with river discharge and wind is investigated. High river discharge lowers surface water age and shortens residence time in the apex of the NYB. Easterly winds increase surface water age and extend the duration waters along the Long Island coast remain in the NYB apex. Southerly winds increase age along the New Jersey coast but drive a decrease in age of offshore surface waters and prolong the time that surface waters close to the New Jersey coast stay in the NYB apex. Residence time along the Long Island coast is high in spring and summer because of the retention of water north of the Hudson shelf valley. Patterns of modeled surface water age and an age proxy computed from the ratio of satellite-measured irradiance in two channels show qualitative agreement. A least squares fit gives a statistically significant empirical relationship between the band ratio and modeled mean age for NYB waters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Surface Waters Quality Obtained from Different Sources of Mymensingh District of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Zannatul Ferdous ◽  
M F Haque ◽  
M A Hosain ◽  
M M Rahman ◽  
Abu Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Metal Properties ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Different Sources

The present study was conducted to assess some  chemical properties and heavy metals of  surface waters collected from different sources at Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus and Mymensingh Sadar Upazila  for common use.  Twelve water samples were collected from 4 different locations during February to April 2011 for analyzing their chemical quality parameters. The recorded values of pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), DO (Dissolved Oxygen), As, Pb and Fe were found to range from 6.153 to 7.043, 0.194 to 0.679 mS/cm,106.333 to 389.333 ppm, 4.433 to 4.9 ppm, 0.064 to 1.756 ppb, 0.00053 to 0.00083 ppm and 0.567 to 1.795 ppm, respectively.  pH and TDS of the surface water were within the standard value but other parameters such as As, Pb, and Fe were significantly higher than the standard for drinking water. The correlation analysis among chemical and heavy metal properties indicated that all the parameters had significant contribution to pollute the water except DO. The correlation between TDS and EC was strongly significant (r = 0.99**). pH showed positive significant correlation with EC and TDS. Fe showed negative (r = -0.636) significant correlation with As. The above findings show that the surface water in Mymensingh area is being gradually polluted by unplanned discharge of chemicals and heavy metals contained effluents. It might be concluded that the water is not so harmful yet for irrigation, aquaculture and livestock usage.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 189-195

Groundwater protection and diffuse nitrogen emissions to surface waters – which catchment areas have to be considered?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
C. Schilling ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
A.P. Blaschke ◽  
D. Gutknecht ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Catchment Areas

Two Austrian case study regions within the Danube basin have been selected for detailed investigations of groundwater and surface water quality at the catchment scale. Water balance calculations have been performed using the conceptual continuous time SWAT 2000 model to characterise catchment hydrology and to identify individual runoff components contributing to river discharge. Nitrogen emission calculations have been performed using the empirical emission model MONERIS to relate individual runoff components to specific nitrogen emissions and for the quantification of total nitrogen emissions to surface waters. Calculated total nitrogen emissions to surface waters using the MONERIS model were significantly influenced by hydrological conditions. For both catchments the groundwater could be identified as major emission pathway of nitrogen emissions to the surface waters. Since most of the nitrogen is emitted by groundwater to the surface water, denitrification in groundwater is of considerable importance reducing nitrogen levels in groundwater along the flow path towards the surface water. An approach was adopted for the grid-oriented estimation of diffuse nitrogen emissions based on calculated groundwater residence time distributions. Denitrification in groundwater was considered using a half life time approach. It could be shown that more than 90% of the total diffuse nitrogen emissions were contributed by areas with low groundwater residence times and short distances to the surface water. Thus, managing diffuse nitrogen emissions the location of catchment areas has to be considered as well as hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, which significantly influence denitrification in the groundwater and reduce nitrogen levels in groundwater on the flow path towards the surface water.

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