Jasmonate-dependent expression of a galactinol synthase gene is involved in priming of systemic fungal resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Previously, root colonization by the rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, was shown to induce expression of galactinol synthase conferring systemic resistance against a fungal pathogen in cucumber leaves. Here, the Arabidopsis – Botrytis cinerea system is introduced to better understand signal transduction of galactinol and (or) raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) during O6-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR). Among the 10 Arabidopsis galactinol synthase genes, only AtGolS1 was specifically induced upon infection with the fungal pathogen B. cinerea. AtGolS1 was primed by O6 colonization against the pathogen in Arabidopsis leaves. Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants at the AtGolS1 gene site compromised O6-mediated ISR against the pathogen, thereby suggesting that AtGolS1 plays an important role in ISR. O6 colonization increased AtGolS1 transcription as well as ISR in several Arabidopsis signaling mutants, but not in the jar1-1 and coi1 mutant lines. Exogenous jasmonate treatment induced transcription of AtGolS1 in wild-type Col-0 plants, but salicylic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate did not. These studies on signaling mutants and target gene expression indicate that expression of AtGolS1 in response to O6 colonization is mediated through the jasmonate-dependent pathway, stimulating ISR in Arabidopsis against B. cinerea infection.

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Galactinol synthase confers salt-stress tolerance by regulating the synthesis of galactinol and raffinose family oligosaccharides in poplar

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 113432

Author(s):

Ling Liu ◽

Xiaolong Wu ◽

Weibo Sun ◽

Xiang Yu ◽

Taku Demura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Galactinol Synthase

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Galactinol synthase enzyme activity influences raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulation in developing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds

Phytochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 88-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Manu P. Gangola ◽

Sarita Jaiswal ◽

Udhaya Kannan ◽

Pooran M. Gaur ◽

Monica Båga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽

Galactinol Synthase ◽

Cicer Arietinum L

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of the Galactinol Synthase Gene Family in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8110250 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 250 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ruimei Li ◽

Shuai Yuan ◽

Yingdui He ◽

Jie Fan ◽

Yangjiao Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Systematic Research ◽

Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Galactinol Synthase ◽

Genome Wide

Galactinol synthases (GolSs) are the key enzymes that participate in raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) biosynthesis, which perform a big role in modulating plant growth and response to biotic or abiotic stresses. To date, no systematic study of this gene family has been conducted in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Here, eight MeGolS genes are isolated from the cassava genome. Based on phylogenetic background, the MeGolSs are clustered into four groups. Through predicting the cis-elements in their promoters, it was discovered that all MeGolS members act as hormone-, stress-, and tissue-specific related elements to different degrees. MeGolS genes exhibit incongruous expression patterns in various tissues, indicating that different MeGolS proteins might have diverse functions. MeGolS1 and MeGolS3–6 are highly expressed in leaves and midveins. MeGolS3–6 are highly expressed in fibrous roots. Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicates that several MeGolSs, including MeGolS1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, are induced by abiotic stresses. microRNA prediction analysis indicates that several abiotic stress-related miRNAs target the MeGolS genes, such as mes-miR156, 159, and 169, which also respond to abiotic stresses. The current study is the first systematic research of GolS genes in cassava, and the results of this study provide a basis for further exploration the functional mechanism of GolS genes in cassava.

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Epigenetic Suppression of T-DNA Insertion Mutants in Arabidopsis

Molecular Plant ◽

10.1093/mp/sss093 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 539-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yangbin Gao ◽

Yunde Zhao

Keyword(s):

Dna Insertion ◽

Epigenetic Suppression ◽

Insertion Mutants

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Mutations in wheat leading to enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen of yellow rust

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10324-pps ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. S73-S75

Author(s):

L.A. Boyd ◽

J.A. Howie ◽

T. Worland ◽

R. Stratford ◽

P.H. Smith

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Yellow Rust ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Deletion Mutants ◽

Molecular Characterisation ◽

Wheat Line ◽

Enhanced Resistance ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Mutant Lines

The isolation and study of plant resistance genes is revealing a story more complicated than the gene-for-gene hypothesis originally implied. The story of resistance is complicated even further by the discovery of genes that appear to have a negative effect on resistance. Early studies in the wheat line Hobbit ‘sib’ identified a number of chromosomes that reduced the level of field resistance to the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, the causal agent of yellow rust on wheat. From a series of deletion mutants generated in Hobbit ‘sib’ a number of mutant lines were selected that gave enhanced resistance to yellow rust. The phenotypic, genetic and molecular characterisation of some of these mutants is presented.

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Mutation of ONAC096 Enhances Grain Yield by Increasing Panicle Number and Delaying Leaf Senescence during Grain Filling in Rice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20205241 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (20) ◽

pp. 5241 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kiyoon Kang ◽

Yejin Shim ◽

Eunji Gi ◽

Gynheung An ◽

Nam-Chon Paek

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Cytokinin Oxidase ◽

Panicle Number ◽

Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽

Dna Insertion ◽

Upregulated Genes ◽

Insertion Mutants

Exploring genetic methods to improve yield in grain crops such as rice (Oryza sativa) is essential to help meet the needs of the increasing population. Here, we report that rice ONAC096 affects grain yield by regulating leaf senescence and panicle number. ONAC096 expression increased rapidly in rice leaves upon the initiation of aging- and dark-induced senescence. Two independent T-DNA insertion mutants (onac096-1 and onac096-2) with downregulated ONAC096 expression retained their green leaf color during natural senescence in the field, thus extending their photosynthetic capacity. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis showed that ONAC096 upregulated genes controlling chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Repressed OsCKX2 (encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) expression in the onac096 mutants led to a 15% increase in panicle number without affecting grain weight or fertility. ONAC096 mediates abscisic acid (ABA)-induced leaf senescence by upregulating the ABA signaling genes ABA INSENSITIVE5 and ENHANCED EM LEVEL. The onac096 mutants showed a 16% increase in grain yield, highlighting the potential for using this gene to increase grain production.

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The mitochondrial monothiol glutaredoxin S15 is essential for iron-sulfur protein maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1510835112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (44) ◽

pp. 13735-13740 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Anna Moseler ◽

Isabel Aller ◽

Stephan Wagner ◽

Thomas Nietzel ◽

Jonathan Przybyla-Toscano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽

Growth Defects ◽

Iron Sulfur ◽

Iron Sulfur Proteins ◽

Dna Insertion ◽

Sulfur Protein ◽

Metabolic Reactions ◽

Insertion Mutants

The iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) is an ancient and essential cofactor of many proteins involved in electron transfer and metabolic reactions. In Arabidopsis, three pathways exist for the maturation of iron-sulfur proteins in the cytosol, plastids, and mitochondria. We functionally characterized the role of mitochondrial glutaredoxin S15 (GRXS15) in biogenesis of ISC containing aconitase through a combination of genetic, physiological, and biochemical approaches. Two Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants were identified as null mutants with early embryonic lethal phenotypes that could be rescued by GRXS15. Furthermore, we showed that recombinant GRXS15 is able to coordinate and transfer an ISC and that this coordination depends on reduced glutathione (GSH). We found the Arabidopsis GRXS15 able to complement growth defects based on disturbed ISC protein assembly of a yeast Δgrx5 mutant. Modeling of GRXS15 onto the crystal structures of related nonplant proteins highlighted amino acid residues that after mutation diminished GSH and subsequently ISC coordination, as well as the ability to rescue the yeast mutant. When used for plant complementation, one of these mutant variants, GRXS15K83/A, led to severe developmental delay and a pronounced decrease in aconitase activity by approximately 65%. These results indicate that mitochondrial GRXS15 is an essential protein in Arabidopsis, required for full activity of iron-sulfur proteins.

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Expression of α-DIOXYGENASE 1 in Tomato and Arabidopsis Contributes to Plant Defenses Against Aphids

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-01-13-0031-r ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 977-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Carlos Augusto Avila ◽

Lirio Milenka Arevalo-Soliz ◽

Argelia Lorence ◽

Fiona L. Goggin

Keyword(s):

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽

Insertion Mutant ◽

Plant Signaling ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Basal Resistance ◽

Potato Aphid ◽

Dna Insertion ◽

Mutant Lines ◽

Increased Susceptibility

Plant α-dioxygenases (α-DOX) are fatty acid–hydroperoxidases that contribute to the synthesis of oxylipins, a diverse group of compounds primarily generated through oxidation of linoleic (LA) and linolenic acid (LNA). Oxylipins are implicated in plant signaling against biotic and abiotic stresses. We report here that the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) induces Slα-DOX1 but not Slα-DOX2 expression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Slα-DOX1 upregulation by aphids does not require either jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, since tomato mutants deficient in JA (spr2, acx1) or SA accumulation (NahG) still show Slα-DOX1 induction. Virus-induced gene silencing of Slα-DOX1 enhanced aphid population growth in wild-type (WT) plants, revealing that Slα-DOX1 contributes to basal resistance to aphids. Moreover, an even higher percent increase in aphid numbers occurred when Slα-DOX1 was silenced in spr2, a mutant line characterized by elevated LA levels, decreased LNA, and enhanced aphid resistance as compared with WT. These results suggest that aphid reproduction is influenced by oxylipins synthesized from LA by Slα-DOX1. In agreement with our experiments in tomato, two independent α-dox1 T-DNA insertion mutant lines in Arabidopsis thaliana also showed increased susceptibility to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), indicating that the role α-DOX is conserved in other plant-aphid interactions.

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