Variations du contenu lipidique occasionnées par la carence en pyridoxine du milieu nutritif de Ceratocystis ulmi

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
Y. Dalpé
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Synthetic Growth Medium ◽  
Total Disappearance ◽  
Synthetic Growth

Pyridoxin deficiency of the synthetic growth medium results on four of the five strains of the studied Ceratocystis ulmi in an increase (6.9 to 18.8%) of the lipid content of the mycelium. This increase mainly affects the neutral lipid fraction. The analysis of fatty acids shows a significative decrease, both in the neutral and the polar lipid fraction, of the polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and in some cases the total disappearance of the linolenic acid.

Neutral lipids, phospholipids, and a betaine lipid of the snow mold fungus Microdochium nivale

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Istokovics ◽  
Naoki Morita ◽  
Kazuo Izumi ◽  
Tamotsu Hoshino ◽  
Isao Yumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipid Fraction ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Betaine Lipid

The hyphae of the snow mold Microdochium nivale contained lipids in a yield of about 10% w/w of the dry matter of hyphae. The total lipid was fractionated into neutral and polar lipid fractions. In the neutral lipid fraction, triacylglylcerol was the sole major component. As minor components, ergosterol, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, and fatty acyl ergosterol were identified. The polar lipid fraction contained phospholipids, glycolipids, and a lipid containing neither phosphorus nor sugar. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid were identified as phospholipids. The polar lipid fraction included at least four kinds of glycolipids that have not been identified. A very unusual lipid in fungi, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, was identified by chemical and physicochemical analyses. The level of the neutral lipid fraction, which accounted for 60% of the total lipid in hyphae at the exponential phase, was significantly increased compared with that of the polar lipid fraction and constituted 80% of the total at the stationary phase. The neutral and polar lipids of Microdochium nivale contained 18:3 (9,12,15), 18:2 (9,12), 18:1 (9), and 16:0 as principal fatty acids. Among them, 18:2 (9,12) and 18:3 (9,12,15) were the major fatty acids of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas in diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, the major components were 16:0 and 18:3 (9,12,15).Key words: snow mold, phospholipids, betaine lipid, fatty acid, Microdochium nivale.

scholarly journals Levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lymphocytes of rats fed on diets varying in polyunsaturated fatty acid content

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Tsagn ◽  
J. Belin ◽  
A. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

1. When weanling rats were fed on a diet containing 0.1 g/kg of the diet as polyunsaturated fatty acid, it was found that after 2 weeks the level of linoleate in the lymphocyte total lipids was 56 mg/ g total fatty acids, as compared with a level of 138 mg/ g in rats on a normal diet (P < 0.005). Similar levels were obtained from rats which had been fed for up to 16 weeks on the deficient diet, but in a group killed after 28 weeks on the diet the level was found to be only 20 mg/ g total fatty acids. The arachidonate level was found to be approximately 220 mg/ g total fatty acids, regardless of whether the rats were fed on a diet deficient in linoleate for up to 16 weeks or on a normal diet. In the group of rats killed after 28 weeks on the linoleate deficient diet, however, the arachidonate level was only 60 mg/ g total fatty acids.2. Percentage values for total fatty acids are given for plasma, adipose tissue, and lymphocytes for rats on normal and experimental diets.3. Scatter diagrams of the levels of linoleate v. arachidonate in the lymphocyte total fatty acids showed no correlation between the levels of the two acids (r 0.05), but similar plots of linoleate and oleate levels showed an inverse correlation (r – 0.68).

The effect of long term storage on the lipid reserves and fatty acid composition of cysts and hatched juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Holz ◽  
D.J. Wright ◽  
R.N. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.

scholarly journals Variation in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Composition of Persian Walnut

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Carl Greve ◽  
Gale McGranahan ◽  
Janine Hasey ◽  
Ronald Snyder ◽  
Kathy Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Walnut Oil ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
The Impact

The variation in polyunsaturated fatty acid content of walnut (Juglans regia L.) oils was determined by analysis of samples isolated from specimens growing in four germplasm collections [California (55 cultivars), Washington (64 seedlings), China (12 cultivars), and France (20 cultivars)]. In addition, the impact of within-state geographic differences on oil composition was examined by comparing samples from three California cultivars (`Ashley', `Hartley', and `Franquette') grown in three locations. Local environmental effects on oil composition of `Chico' were also examined by comparing 1) samples collected from shaded and sun-exposed locations of the same trees and 2) samples collected from trees subjected to three irrigation regimes. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content, as a percentage of total fatty acids, ranged from 47.2% in nuts from PI 142323 from France to 81.0% in `Ashley' from California. However, our data indicate that environment, genotype, nut maturity, and their interactions all contribute significantly to variation in the degree of unsaturation of walnut oil.

The fatty acid contents of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens can be manipulated using artificial diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.J. Lehtovaara ◽  
A. Valtonen ◽  
J. Sorjonen ◽  
M. Hiltunen ◽  
K. Rutaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content

Edible insects have been suggested as an alternative and sustainable source of fats, proteins and vitamins for humans. However, their nutritional content may largely depend on the diets offered for insects. Diet-based manipulation of fatty acids in edible insects shows promise to possibly increase their essential and long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acid content and thus further enhance human diets. We reared the edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens, under various diets with manipulated content of fatty acids, proteins and carbohydrates. The manipulated diets dramatically altered the insects’ content and composition of fatty acids, especially the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary fatty acids were stored largely unaltered in insects. Artificial diets with high content of linoleic, α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acids, increased the content of these fatty acids in the insect tenfold. The manipulated diets also affected the omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) fatty acid ratio and developmental performance. Lack of protein and fats in the diet prolongs the development and leads to lower final weight. To achieve required n-6/n-3 ratio for human consumption and to maximise biomass gain and weight, diverse diets with a source of n-3 fatty acids and protein should be used when rearing R. differens. These results demonstrate the potential for improving human nutrition in an effective and sustainable way by producing edible insects with designed nutritional content.

scholarly journals Factors influencing fatty acids in meat and the role of antioxidants in improving meat quality

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. S49-S60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
M. Enser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Ratio

Meat has been identified, often wrongly, as a food having a high fat content and an undesirable balance of fatty acids. In fact lean meat is very low in fat (20–50g/kg), pork and poultry have a favourable balance between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P:S) and grazing ruminants produce muscle with a desirable n–6:n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio. In all species, meat fatty acid composition can be changed via the diet, more easily in single-stomached pigs and poultry where the linoleic, α-linolenic and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content responds quickly to raised dietary concentrations. Recent work in pigs has attempted to manipulate the n–6:n–3 ratio by feeding higher levels of α-linolenic acid (e.g. in rapeseed) or its products eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) present in fish oils. In ruminants the challenge is to increase the P:S ratio whilst retaining values for n–6: n–3 found in cattle and sheep fed on forage diets. The saturating effect of the rumen can be overcome by feeding polyunsaturated fatty acids which are protected either chemically, by processing, or naturally e.g. within the seed coat. Some protection occurs when grain-based or grass-based diets are fed normally, leading to relatively more n–6 or n–3 fatty acids respectively. These produce different flavours in cooked meat due to the different oxidative changes occurring during storage and cooking. In pigs and poultry, high n–3 fatty acid concentrations in meat are associated with fishy flavours whose development can be prevented with high dietary (supranutritional) levels of the antioxidant vitamin E. In ruminants, supranutritional vitamin E delays the oxidative change of oxymyoglobin to brown metmyoglobin and may also influence the characteristic flavours of beef and lamb.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stability of the Lipid Fraction of Skin-On and Skinless Fillets of Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Piotr Skałecki ◽  
Agnieszka Kaliniak-Dziura ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
Mariusz Florek ◽  
Monika Kępka
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Prussian Carp ◽  
Carassius Gibelio

The aim of the study was to compare the fatty acid profile and content and the oxidative stability of the lipid fraction of Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio) fillets with and without skin. Carp specimens were obtained in spring from a fish farm located in the Lublin Voivodeship. The research material consisted of skin-on (n = 12) and skinless (n = 12) fillets (hand-filleted). Their chemical composition (water, ash, protein, and fat content), calorific value, and nutritional quality index (NQI) were analysed, as well as their fatty acid content and profile. The oxidative stability of the lipids was assessed on the basis of the peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, and the content of the conjugated dienes and trienes (CD and CT), while determination of the degree of fat hydrolysis was based on the acid value (AV) and free fatty acids (FFA). The Carp fillet with skin contained significantly (p ≤ 0.01) more fat (by 2.69 pp) and calories (by 92.16 kJ∙100 g−1) than the skinless fillet, and over three times as much n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. In the skin-on fillet, the lipid oxidation and hydrolysis parameters were significantly higher, but did not deviate from the values specified for fresh fish and/or fish fit for consumption.

scholarly journals Description of amino acid and fatty acid content during initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a carnivorous freshwater catfish

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deliane Cristina Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Takata ◽  
Walisson de Souza e Silva ◽  
Martin Bessonart ◽  
Juan Luis Gadea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid Content

ABSTRACT Samples of eggs, newly hatched larvae (NHL), and larvae at the end of the lecithotrophic period (eight days after hatching) (LPL) of Lophiosilurus alexandri were collected to determine the amino acid and fatty acid profiles. Crude protein did not change throughout initial development and the concentration of lipids was highest in NHL. The content of the indispensable amino acids (IAA) isoleucine, leucine, and valine decreased in LPL, while in eggs and NHL they remained high and similar in value. The dispensable amino acids (DAA), such as aspartic acid, tyrosine, and glycine, increased in LPL, while alanine decreased. The percentage of neutral lipids increased in LPL. The saturated fatty acid content decreased during ontogeny, while monounsaturated fatty acids decreased only in LPL. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in LP. Polar fatty acids were found in higher percentages in eggs and NHL, but lower in LPL. Saturated fatty acid content decreased during ontogenetic development, while that of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased only in LPL. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in LPL. Protein content was maintained during ontogenetic development, while amino acid classes experienced changes. Lophiosilurus alexandri preferentially uses saturated and monosaturated fatty acids as an energy source during its early development.

scholarly journals Effects of diets low in fat or essential fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of blood lipids of calves

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sklan ◽  
R. Volcani ◽  
P. Budowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

1. Groups of newborn calves were fed on liquid diets which had fat contents ranging from 0.2 to 17% (dry- weight basis) and which provided linoleic acid in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 0.7% of the calorie intake. Two commercial milk replacers, high in fat (17–18%) and linoleic acid (3.4 and 5.0% of calories) were also given. All diets were given for at least 65 d.2. Except for reduced feed utilization associated with the two diets lowest in fat (0.2 and 0.4%), the calves developed normally, without signs of essential fatty acid deficiency.3. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of erthrocytes and plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters rose rapidly during the first few days on all diets. At 65 d, these concentrations were higher than at birth and appeared generally to be related to the linoleic acid intake. However, in the low dietary linoleic acid range, the fat content of the diet also seemed to exert some influnce. In no instance was there any indication of the appearance of 20:3ω9, which is observed in other species under conditions of essential fatty acid deficiency.4. Some of the experimental diets were given to weanling rats. There was a rapid fall in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of erythrocyte lipids and plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, accompanied by the appearance of 20:3ω9.5. These results suggest that calves on liquid diets have apparently a very low requirement for essential fatty acids.

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