scholarly journals Effects of diets low in fat or essential fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of blood lipids of calves

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sklan ◽  
R. Volcani ◽  
P. Budowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

1. Groups of newborn calves were fed on liquid diets which had fat contents ranging from 0.2 to 17% (dry- weight basis) and which provided linoleic acid in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 0.7% of the calorie intake. Two commercial milk replacers, high in fat (17–18%) and linoleic acid (3.4 and 5.0% of calories) were also given. All diets were given for at least 65 d.2. Except for reduced feed utilization associated with the two diets lowest in fat (0.2 and 0.4%), the calves developed normally, without signs of essential fatty acid deficiency.3. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of erthrocytes and plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters rose rapidly during the first few days on all diets. At 65 d, these concentrations were higher than at birth and appeared generally to be related to the linoleic acid intake. However, in the low dietary linoleic acid range, the fat content of the diet also seemed to exert some influnce. In no instance was there any indication of the appearance of 20:3ω9, which is observed in other species under conditions of essential fatty acid deficiency.4. Some of the experimental diets were given to weanling rats. There was a rapid fall in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of erythrocyte lipids and plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, accompanied by the appearance of 20:3ω9.5. These results suggest that calves on liquid diets have apparently a very low requirement for essential fatty acids.

Effects of Non-essential Fatty Acids on Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency

1965 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Alfin-Slater ◽  
R. S. Morris ◽  
H. Hansen ◽  
J. F. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

scholarly journals The possibility of increasing at the conjugated linoleic acid content in pork

2008 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Anikó Borosné Győri ◽  
Istvánné Hermán ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
János Gundel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The composition of fatty acids in food products is a significant factor in human health. Feeding can significantly influence the composition of fatty acids in the animal fat. We analysed the effect of feeding high CLA-content (conjugated linoleic acid) feed on the composition of fatty acids in pork. The animals were grouped according to the following: Group 1) feeding experimental, ghee-mixed feed for 76 days, Group 2) feeding the same feed, but only for 33 days, Group 3) feeding sunflower-oil-mixed feed for 76 days. Ghee contains CLA in high amount. The aim of our experiment is to analyse how the high CLA content influences the fatty acid content of pork. In the end of the fattening experiment the animals were slaughtered, then samples were taken from the loin, ham, abdomen and backfat from 10 animals from each group and analysed the fatty acid content. We found significant differences between the average fatty acid content of the samples. As an effect of feeding ghee-enriched feed, the CLA content significantly increased, compared to the control group. However, the linoleic acid and the arachidonic acid content were lower, and the proportion of fatty acids was also lower when feeding control feed.

scholarly journals Variation in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Composition of Persian Walnut

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Carl Greve ◽  
Gale McGranahan ◽  
Janine Hasey ◽  
Ronald Snyder ◽  
Kathy Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Walnut Oil ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
The Impact

The variation in polyunsaturated fatty acid content of walnut (Juglans regia L.) oils was determined by analysis of samples isolated from specimens growing in four germplasm collections [California (55 cultivars), Washington (64 seedlings), China (12 cultivars), and France (20 cultivars)]. In addition, the impact of within-state geographic differences on oil composition was examined by comparing samples from three California cultivars (`Ashley', `Hartley', and `Franquette') grown in three locations. Local environmental effects on oil composition of `Chico' were also examined by comparing 1) samples collected from shaded and sun-exposed locations of the same trees and 2) samples collected from trees subjected to three irrigation regimes. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content, as a percentage of total fatty acids, ranged from 47.2% in nuts from PI 142323 from France to 81.0% in `Ashley' from California. However, our data indicate that environment, genotype, nut maturity, and their interactions all contribute significantly to variation in the degree of unsaturation of walnut oil.

Fish Oils.: IX. Certain Fish Oils as Sources of Nutritionally Essential Fatty Acids.

1943 ◽  
Vol 6b (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Linoleate ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

Pilchard oil and two fractions of salmon egg oil, despite their greater unsaturation, proved less effective than methyl linoleate in curing rats suffering from essential fatty acid deficiency. Herring oil, less unsaturated, was even less effective.

Fatty Acids: Evolution in Relation to Neurobiology

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Brain Membrane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Chain

Metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3 by chain elongation – desaturation is essential for synthesis of complex structural lipids, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and prostaglandins. These essential fatty acids are required for normal function in developing tissues and appropriate maturation of a wide variety of physiological processes. During development, fetal accretion of long-chain metabolites of ω−6 and ω−3 fatty acids may result from maternal or placental synthesis and transfer or, alternatively, from the metabolism of 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3 to longer chain homologues by the fetus. After birth the infant must synthesize or be fed the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of C20 and C22 type derived from 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3.Metabolism of ω−6 and ω−3 fatty acids utilizes the same enzyme system and is competitive. When levels of dietary ω−3 and ω−6 C18 fatty acids are altered, the levels of metabolites of these precursor fatty acids change in specific brain membranes, influencing membrane lipid dependent functions. For example, a diet unbalanced in very long chain ω−3 and ω−6 fatty acids may increase brain membrane ω−3 fatty acid content when 20:5ω−3 is fed, while decreasing membrane fatty acid content of the ω−6 series of competing fatty acids. As 20:4ω−6 is quantitatively and qualitatively important to brain phospholipid, significant reduction in brain levels of 20:4ω−6 may be less than optimal. The impact of these compositional changes on brain function is not yet clear.The authors in this symposium address how this general area of essential fatty acid metabolism is relevant to the evolution of man, growth and development of fish, function of the retina and neural tissue, cognitive development of infants, and infant nutrition.

Effect of double-muscling in Belgian Blue young bulls on the intramuscular fatty acid composition with emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Raes ◽  
S. de Smet ◽  
D. Demeyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractThe effect of double-muscling (DM) genotype (double-muscling, mh/mh; heterozygous, mh/+; normal, +/+) of Belgian Blue (BB) young bulls on the intramuscular fatty acid composition, in particular conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was examined in five different muscles. The relative fatty acid composition showed only minor differences between muscles within genotypes. However, the DM genotype had a large effect on both the intramuscular total fatty acid content and on the relative fatty acid composition. Across muscles, the mh/mh animals had a lower total fatty acid content compared with the +/+animals (907 v: 2656 mg/100 g muscle;P< 0·01) and a higher PUFA proportion in total fatty acids (27·5 v 11·3 g/100 g total fatty acids;P< 0001), resulting in a higher PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio (0·55 v 0·18;P< 0·01) and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio (5·34 v. 6·17;P< 0·01). The heterozygous genotype was intermediate between the two homozygous genotypes. The relative CLA content was similar in the mh/mh and +/+ genotypes and approximated 0·4 to 0·5 g/100 g total fatty acids. From the data it is further suggested that differences in the metabolism of the n-3 and n-6 fatty acids could exist between DM genotypes.

scholarly journals Useful properties of independent fatty acids in milk fat of milk of the cow and the influence of genetic factors on their content

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Z. V. Yemets ◽  
A. M. Mamenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Breed

Aim. Useful properties of essential fatty acids contained in cow milk fat and influence on their content (fatty acids) of genetic factors are analyzed in the article. Methods. The research was carried out in the course of a year by sampling of aggregate milk from cows of Ukrainian black-rippled dairy breed and Ukrainian red-rippled dairy breed, farm "Ukrainka Slobidsk" of Kharkiv region of the Institute of animal husbandry of Ukraine, under equilibrium conditions by gas-liquid chromatography. Results. The breed causes variability from 0.1% (lauric acid) to 5.9% (pentadecanoic acid) of fatty acid content in milk. The influence of the father of the cow on the content of essential fatty acids in the milk of dairy cows ranges from 7.2% (heptadecic acid) to 27% (decanoic acid). Conclusions. Genetic Factors - The breed and parent of the cow have a significant influence on the content of essential fatty acids in the cow’s milk. The breed causes variability from 0.1% (lauric acid) to 5.9% (pentadecanoic acid) variability of fatty acid content in milk. Keywords: essential fatty acids, milk fat, black-and-pockmarked, red-and-pockmarked, cow breed, genetic factors.

scholarly journals Variation in fatty acid content and composition among Iranian fennel landraces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keivan Bahmani ◽  
Ali Izady- Darbandi ◽  
Azam Akbari ◽  
Ryan Warner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Early Maturing

One of the factors determining drug quality in bitter fennel is the types and quantities of fatty acids stored in the seeds. We measured the fatty acid content of 50 Iranian fennel landraces. Fatty acid concentration of the 50 fennel landraces ranged from 9.5 to 23% of seed mass, and the highest amounts of fatty acid content among the early maturing races belonged to Hamedan and Arak (19.5 and 18.5%, respectively), among the medium maturing races to Marvdasht, Kohn and Meshkin Shahr (23, 20.5 and 19%, respectively), and among the late-maturing races to Sari (21%). The highest fatty acid yields belonged to Fasa (65.3 ml/m2) among the early maturing races, Meshkin Shahr and Moqhan (92.5 and 85.4 ml/m2) among the medium maturing races, and Sari (71.4 ml/m2) among the late-maturing races. The main compositions of fatty acids, measured in twelve of the landraces, were oleic acid (52-64%), linoleic acid (26-39%), palmitic acid (0.3-4.1%), stearic acid (1.3-2.4%), linolenic acid (0.6-3.6%) and myristic acid (0.35-1.07%). It was observed that landraces with high oleic acid content originated from regions with a dry and warm climate, while landraces with high linoleic acid content originated from regions with a humid and cool climate. Understanding relationships between the fatty acid profile and landrace origin climate may improve the efficiency of identifying landraces with specific fennel chemotypes. In conclusion, these results indicate that some of these fennel landraces have the potential to be complementary sources of certain fatty acids, such as oleic and linoleic acids.

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