Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis by the arctic plant Saxifraga cernua

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce T. Mawson ◽  
Josef Svoboda ◽  
Raymond W. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Saxifraga Cernua

The thermal acclimations of net photosynthesis, dark respiration, and photorespiration have been studied in the arctic plant Saxifraga cernua. The gas exchange of whole plants grown to maturity under different temperature regimes was analysed for individual plants transferred from (i) 10 to 20 (referred to as high-temperature acclimation) and (ii) 20 to 5 °C (low-temperature acclimation). High- and low-temperature acclimation resulted in shifts of the leaf temperature optimum for net photosynthesis of whole plants in the direction of the new growth temperature. That the acclimating temperature directly affected the photosynthetic apparatus was indicated by (i) changes in the optimum temperature for gross photosynthesis of whole plants and (ii) a change in the oxygen sensitivity of net photosynthesis after acclimation to a new growth temperature. The change in the optimum temperature for net photosynthesis was also due, in part, to altered dark respiration rates which increased during acclimation to low growth temperatures. These results suggest that such acclimation in arctic species like S. cernua arose as a result of the selective pressure of fluctuating temperatures which are experienced during the growth season to maximize annual growth under arctic and subarctic conditions.

Thermal acclimation of respiration but not photosynthesis in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Fern Ow ◽  
David Whitehead ◽  
Adrian S. Walcroft ◽  
Matthew H. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Term Response ◽  
N Status ◽  
Respiratory Responses

Pinus radiata L. were grown in climate-controlled cabinets under three night/day temperature treatments, and transferred between treatments to mimic changes in growth temperature. The objective was to determine the extent to which dark respiration and photosynthesis in pre-existing and new needles acclimate to changes in growth temperatures. We also assessed whether needle nitrogen influenced the potential for photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation, and further assessed if short-term (instantaneous, measured over a few hours) respiratory responses are accurate predictors of long-term (acclimated, achieved in days–weeks) responses of respiration to changing temperature. Results show that respiration displayed considerable potential for acclimation. Cold and warm transfers resulted in some acclimation of respiration in pre-existing needles, but full acclimation was displayed only in new needles formed at the new growth temperature. Short-term respiratory responses were poor predictors of the long-term response of respiration due to acclimation. There was no evidence that photosynthesis in pre-existing or new needles acclimated to changes in growth temperature. N status of leaves had little impact on the extent of acclimation. Collectively, our results indicate that there is little likelihood that respiration would be significantly stimulated in this species as night temperatures increase over the range of 10–20°C, but that inclusion of temperature acclimation of respiration would in fact lead to a shift in the balance between photosynthesis and respiration in favour of carbon uptake.

Low-temperature acclimation of net photosynthesis in the crustaceous lichen Caloplaca trachyphylla

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Coxson ◽  
K. A. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Acclimatory Response

The seasonal net photosynthetic and respiratory response matrix is presented for Caloplaca trachyphylla (Tuck.) A. Zahlbr. at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 °C, under 0, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 μE m−2 s−1 illumination, over a full range of thallus hydration, in January, May, and July. The maximum rates of net photosynthesis recorded during the summer period, at 14–21 °C, under 1200 μE m−2 s−1 illumination are ca. 3.0 mg CO2 h−1 g−1. They are interpreted in terms of the thallus temperatures documented during early-morning dew events and during sporadic thunderstorm activity. During winter, net photosynthetic rates at 7 °C increase significantly from the summer rates of ca. 2.0 mg CO2 h−1 g−1 to ca. 3.2 mg CO2 h−1 g−1. This low-temperature photosynthetic-capacity change is shown to be temperature acclimation and it is suggested that the mechanism involves a change in the affinity constant (Km) of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. This acclimatory response can be readily induced, or reversed in winter, by air-dry storage at an appropriately high or low ambient temperature. In midsummer, however, comparable storage conditions fail to elicit an acclimatory response. The significance of low-temperature photosynthetic acclimation in C. trachyphylla is discussed in relation to winter snowmelt sequences during chinook conditions in Alberta.

Influence of temperature on net CO2 exchange in roses

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jiao ◽  
M. J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Grodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Optimal Temperature Range ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Whole Plants

The effect of temperature on net CO2 exchange of source and sink tissues of the flowering shoots and of whole plants was examined using single-stemmed Samantha roses. At all stages of shoot development, the optimal temperature range for whole-plant carbon (C) gain at saturating irradiance and ambient CO2 level was between 20° and 25 °C, narrower than the temperature range for optimal leaf net photosynthesis. Dark respiration increased more dramatically than photosynthesis with temperatures between 15 and 35 °C. At 25 °C, C loss due to respiration from the flower bud at colour bud stage accounted for 45% of the C loss of the flowering shoot. At low irradiance levels (e.g. 200 μmol m−2 s−1) whole-plant net photosynthesis was greater at 16° than at 22 °C because of a greater reduction in respiration. Lowering the night temperature from 27 to 17 °C also increased daily C gain due to a reduction in the C lost at night. Whole-plant net photosynthesis of plants grown and measured at enriched (1000 ± 100 μL L−1) CO2 was greater than that of plants grown and measured at ambient (350 ± 50 μL L−1) level at temperatures between 15° and 35 °C. Furthermore, the optimal temperatures for whole-plant net photosynthesis in CO2 enrichment was higher than at ambient CO2 level. Key words: Dark respiration, net photosynthesis, Rosa hybrida, temperature

Photosynthetic response to growth temperature and CO2 enrichment in two species of C4 grasses

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Potvin ◽  
Boyd R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Acclimation Potential ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Plants of Echinochloa crus-galli from Québec, North Carolina, and Mississippi and of Eleusine indica from Mississippi were grown under three thermoperiods (28:22, 24:18, 21:15 °C) and two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (350 and 675 μL ∙ L−1). CO2 enrichment induced an increase in net photosynthesis and in dark respiration for all populations. Neither conductance, transpiration, nor the transpiration/photosynthesis ratio were affected by CO2 enrichment. Plants showed higher photosynthetic and dark respiration rates when grown in warm regimes. Stomatal conductance did not vary with growth temperature. Cool-adapted plants from Québec maintained the overall highest net photosynthesis and respiration. Plants originating from warm areas had a weaker acclimation potential to low temperature than those from cool environments.

scholarly journals Yield, Physiological Performance, and Phytochemistry of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under Temperature Stress and Elevated CO2 Concentrations

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Omolayo J. Olorunwa ◽  
Akanksha Sehgal ◽  
C. Hunt Walne ◽  
K. Raja Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

Early season sowing is one of the methods for avoiding yield loss for basil due to high temperatures. However, basil could be exposed to sub-optimal temperatures by planting it earlier in the season. Thus, an experiment was conducted that examines how temperature changes and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels affect basil growth, development, and phytonutrient concentrations in a controlled environment. The experiment simulated temperature stress, low (20/12 °C), and high (38/30 °C), under ambient (420 ppm) and elevated (720 ppm) CO2 concentrations. Low-temperature stress prompted the rapid closure of stomata resulting in a 21% decline in net photosynthesis. Chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased when elevated CO2 interacted with low-temperature stress. Basil exhibited an increase in stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, apparent quantum yield, maximum photosystem II efficiency, and maximum net photosynthesis rate when subjected to high-temperature stress. Under elevated CO2, increasing the growth temperature from 30/22 °C to 38/30 °C markedly increased the antioxidants content of basil. Taken together, the evidence from this research recommends that varying the growth temperature of basil plants can significantly affect the growth and development rates compared to increasing the CO2 concentrations, which mitigates the adverse effects of temperature stress.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Physiology Comparisons between No Tillage and Sod Culture of Citrus Farming in Different Seasons under Various Light Intensities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Chung-I. Chen ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Meng-Yuan Huang ◽  
Chih-Kai Yang ◽  
Yu-Hsiu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Light Quantum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Photosynthetic Physiology ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Different Seasons

Sod culture (SC) and no tillage (NT) are modern orchard management systems, and are two different bases for the sustainable development and production of citrus orchards in Taiwan. However, there is no information about the efficiency of either NT or SC on the photosynthetic physiology of farmed citrus under different seasons and varying light intensities. The objective of this study was to clarify the impacts of SC and NT under eco-friendly farming management on the photosynthetic apparatus of an important plantation citrus species in response to varying light intensities over the seasons. The results showed that Rd (dark respiration rate of CO2), Qy (light quantum yield of CO2), LCP (light compensation point), Amax (maximum net assimilation of CO2), and Fv/Fm values of citrus plants under SC were somewhat higher under NT in the same season, particularly in the fall and in winter. As light intensity increased from 200 to 2000 μmol photon m−2 s−1 PPFD, higher Pn (net photosynthesis rate), Gs (stomatal conductance), ETR (electron transport rate), NPQ (non-photochemical quenching), and Fv/Fm (potential quantum efficiency of PSII) values were observed in spring and summer compared to the fall and winter, and increasing NPQ and decreasing Fv/Fm values were observed in all seasons. Positive and significant correlations were shown between the Pn and Gs under NT and SC in all seasons with all light illuminations, whereas significant and negative relationships were observed between the ETR and NPQ under NT in fall and winter at 1200~2000 PPFD. In short, ETR was useful for non-destructive estimations of Pn and NPQ since these indices were significantly and positively correlated with ETR in citrus leaves exposed to 0~1200 PPFD in all seasons and 1200~2000 PPFD in spring, the fall, and winter, providing a quick means to identify the physiological condition of plants under various seasons and tillages. The precise management of photosynthetic parameters such as ETR in response to light irradiances under varied seasons also provides implications for sustainable citrus production for tillage cropping systems in future higher CO2 and potentially wetter or drier environments. The tillages may hold promise for maximizing the economic efficiency of the growth and development of citrus plants grown in the field.

scholarly journals Net Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rates and Predicted Growth Patterns in Alstroemeria `Jacqueline' at Varying Irradiances, Carbon Dioxide Concentrations, and Air Temperatures

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Leonardos ◽  
M.J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Grodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants

The influence of irradiance, CO2 concentration, and air temperature on leaf and whole-plant net C exchange rate (NCER) of Alstroemeria `Jacqueline' was studied. At ambient CO2, leaf net photosynthesis was maximum at irradiances above 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), while whole-plant NCER required 1200 μmol·m-2·s-1 PAR to be saturated. Leaf and whole-plant NCERs were doubled under CO2 enrichment of 1500 to 2000 μl CO2/liter. Leaf and whole-plant NCERs declined as temperature increased from 20 to 35C. Whereas the optimum temperature range for leaf net photosynthesis was 17 to 23C, whole-plant NCER, even at high light and high CO2, declined above 12C. Dark respiration of leaves and whole plants increased with a Q10 of ≈2 at 15 to 35C. In an analysis of day effects, irradiance, CO2 concentration, and temperature contributed 58%, 23%, and 14%, respectively, to the total variation in NCER explained by a second-order polynomial model (R2 = 0.85). Interactions among the factors accounted for 4% of the variation in day C assimilation. The potential whole-plant growth rates during varying greenhouse day and night temperature regimes were predicted for short- and long-day scenarios. The data are discussed with the view of designing experiments to test the importance of C gain in supporting flowering and high yield during routine harvest of Alstroemeria plants under commercial greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals No acclimation: instantaneous responses to temperature maintain homeostatic photosynthetic rates under experimental warming across a precipitation gradient in Ulmus americana

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas G Smith ◽  
Risa McNellis ◽  
Jeffrey S Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
The North

Abstract Past research has shown that plants possess the capacity to alter their instantaneous response of photosynthesis to temperature in response to a longer-term change in temperature (i.e. acclimate). This acclimation is typically the result of processes that influence net photosynthesis (Anet), including leaf biochemical processes such as the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), stomatal conductance (gs) and dark respiration (Rd). However, these processes are rarely examined in the field or in concert with other environmental factors, such as precipitation amount. Here, we use a fully factorial warming (active heating up to +4 °C; mean = +3.1 °C) by precipitation (−50 % ambient to 150 % ambient) manipulation experiment in an old-field ecosystem in the north-eastern USA to examine the degree to which Ulmus americana saplings acclimate through biochemical and stomatal adjustments. We found that rates of Anet at ambient CO2 levels of 400 µmol mol−1 (A400) did not differ across climate treatments or with leaf temperatures from 20 to 30 °C. Canopy temperatures rarely reached above 30 °C in any treatment, suggesting that seasonal carbon assimilation was relatively homeostatic across all treatments. Assessments of the component processes of A400 revealed that decreases in gs with leaf temperature from 20 to 30 °C were balanced by increases in Vcmax, resulting in stable A400 rates despite concurrent increases in Rd. Photosynthesis was not affected by precipitation treatments, likely because the relatively dry year led to small treatment effects on soil moisture. As temperature acclimation is likely to come at a cost to the plant via resource reallocation, it may not benefit plants to acclimate to warming in cases where warming would not otherwise reduce assimilation. These results suggest that photosynthetic temperature acclimation to future warming will be context-specific and that it is important to consider assimilatory benefit when assessing acclimation responses.

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