Sulfides in Leg 37 drill core from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace H. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Basalt Glass ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Drill Holes ◽  
Good Agreement

Sulfides in 27 samples of drill core from four Leg 37 drill holes have been studied. Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide, averaging 0.39 ± 0.51% of basalt samples. Also present in basalt are sparse (0.0001%) and small (< 8 μm) magmatic globules of finely intergrown pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite-iss, as well as a few globules composed of only one of these minerals. Larger and more abundant magmatic globules are present in gabbro and peridotite; pyrite is a minor phase in these rocks.Fe, Ni. Cu. and S are the major elements, and Co a minor element in the globules. Averaged Ni/Cu ratios for globules are: 3.3 (peridotite), 1.0 (gabbro). and 0.4 (basalt), the decrease in ratio indicating less normative olivine in the respective parent magmas when the globules were formed.Sulfides in globules in peridotite, and to a lesser extent in gabbro, form distinct grains free of inclusions, and appear to have equilibrated to below 300 °C. In basalt the minerals are finely intergrown and indicate quenching above about 600 °C, with local equilibration at lower temperatures.Three analyses of sulfur in basalt glass ranged from 930 to 1160 ppm, in good agreement with other analyses of deep-ocean basalts.

Effect of a minor element with a large mixing enthalpy difference on the plasticity of amorphous alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2558-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyou-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hwi-Jun Kim ◽  
Jae-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mixing Enthalpy ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Enthalpy Difference ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Mixing Enthalpies

In this study, we investigated the role of a minor alloying element in improving the plasticity of amorphous alloys. The plasticity of the amorphous alloys, Cu60−xZr30Ti10Bex, was drastically improved with increasing amount of Be and reached a maximum of 23% at Cu53Zr30Ti10Be7. It was observed that an atomistic-scale phase separation existed within the alloy, which resulted from the large difference in mixing enthalpy between the binary pairs (Be–Cu, Be–Zr). This atomistic-scale phase separation resulted in an open structure in which atomic rearrangements in the form of the creation of free volume and crystallization were facilitated during deformation. Here we discuss the origin of the enhanced plasticity by clarifying the effect of an additional element, whose mixing enthalpies with the major elements are significantly different, on the structural change of the amorphous alloy.

SATOUMI APPROACH FOR REALIZING SUSTAINABLE COASTAL USE IN A RIASTYPE BAY: A CASE OF SHIZUGAWA BAY IN SANRIKU COAST HIT BY THE HUGE TSUNAMI ON 11 MARCH 2011

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhisa Komatsu ◽  
Teruhisa Komatsu ◽  
Shuji Sasa ◽  
Shuji Sasa ◽  
Shigeru Montani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Sanriku Coast ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Biological Coupling ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
Human Use ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Rias-type bays are one of the most common coasts in Japan where aquacultures have been active due to sheltered geological shape with a deep bottom. The huge tsunami hit Sanriku Coast consisting of open rias-type bays near the epicenter facing Pacific Ocean on 11 March 2011. For recovering Sanriku Coast, it is important to include sustainability in its program. Satoumi is defined as the human use and management of coastal seas for high productivity while maintaining high biodiversity. Therefore, we proposed Satoumi approach to an open rias-type bay, Shizugawa Bay, in southern Sanriku Coast. We conducted scientific researches on mapping of coastal habitats and aquaculture facilities, hydrography, and material flows of nutrients, a minor element (Fe) and organic matters in the bay including those from the rivers and from the offshore waters. At the same time, Committee for Shizugawa Bay Management of Fishermen’s Cooperative of Miyagi Prefecture decided to decrease in aquaculture facilities for sustainable development of aquaculture. Based on these data, a physical-biological coupling model was used for calculating the number of aquaculture facilities that are suitable not only for yields but also for environments. These researches were established on strong collaborations among a fishermen’s’ cooperative, local governments and scientists. Results of this practice may help to realize sustainable coastal use of a rias-type bay.

scholarly journals Chlorine as a Discriminant Element to Establish the Provenance of Central Mediterranean Obsidians

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-476
Author(s):  
Franco Foresta Martin ◽  
Silvio G. Rotolo ◽  
Manuela Nazzari ◽  
Maria Luisa Carapezza
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Chlorine is a minor element present in obsidians in quantities greater than in average igneous rocks. The chlorine concentration in obsidians is generally low, of the order of tenths of wt %, but it exhibits an appreciable differentiation among geological sources. Despite these characteristics, chlorine has rarely been taken into consideration as a possible indicator of obsidian provenance and it does not appear in the chemical analytical tables accompanying the geochemical characterisation of obsidian samples. In this work, after an overview of chlorine geochemistry and cycle, we present thirty-one new electron microprobe (EPMA) analyses, including Cl, of geologic obsidians sampled from the four sources of the Central Mediterranean, exploited in prehistoric times (Monte Arci, Palmarola, Lipari and Pantelleria). The results are compared with 175 new EPMA analyses, including Cl, of archaeological obsidians already characterised in previous work and of known provenance. As such it was possible to ascertain that each source has a characteristic chlorine concentration, showing the utility of its use in the studies of obsidian provenance. Furthermore, given that the solubility of chlorine in silicate melts is correlated to its alkali content, in particular sodium, we assessed the efficacy of simple binary graphs Cl vs Na2O to better constrain the provenance of the obsidian samples.

PHREEQC Modelling of Leaching of Major Elements and Heavy Metals From Cementitious Waste Forms

2008 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelien Martens ◽  
Diederik Jacques ◽  
Tom Van Gerven ◽  
Lian Wang ◽  
Dirk Mallants
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Phreeqc Modelling ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Mineralogical Phases

AbstractIn this study, Ca, Mg, Al, and Pb concentrations leached from uncarbonated and carbonated ordinary Portland cement – dried waste incinerator bottom ash samples during single extraction tests (EN12457 test) at a pH from 1 to 12, were modelled using the geochemical code PHREEQC. A good agreement was found between modelling results and experiments in terms of leached concentrations for Ca, Mg, and Al by defining a single set of pure mineralogical phases for both the uncarbonated and carbonated (three levels) samples. The model also predicted well the observed decrease in Ca leaching with increasing carbonation. Modelling results further revealed that leaching of Pb is not controlled by dissolution/precipitation of pure Pb containing minerals only (carbonates and (hydr)oxides). The addition of solid solutions (calcite-cerrusite and gibbsite-ferrihydrite-litharge solid solutions) and adsorption reactions on amorphous Fe- and Al-oxides improved the model representation of the experimentally observed amphoteric leaching profile of Pb from the cementitious material.

scholarly journals The Motive Of Crime In Foreign Law: A Comparative Legal Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leka
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
State Level ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Subjective Side

The article substantiates the need to carry out a comparative legal analysis of Ukrainian and foreign legislation on fixing the motive of the crime and its criminal- legal significance. Comparative analysis of the laws of foreign countries is made taking into account the membership of countries in the legal systems. The research of the legal status of the motive of crime in the legislation of foreign countries was carried out on the basis of consideration of basic acts of criminal legislation approved at the state level by the higher legislative bodies of a state. The analysis of various approaches to determining the motive of the crime based on the works of foreign and domestic scientists. On the basis of consideration of normative legal acts of criminal nature of foreign countries, the main terms, which indicate the motive of the crime are defined. The basic approaches of fixing the motive of crime in the legislation of foreign countries are defined and the ways of improvement of the Ukrainian legislation in this matter are proposed. It has been established that the legislation of some countries clearly traces the role of motive as a circumstance aggravating punishment and as a sign that must be taken into account directly in sentencing. In spite of this, most countries still hold a position of indifference to the motive of the crime, recognizing it as a minor element of the subjective side of the crime. It is established that the position of the Ukrainian legislator on the optionality of the sign of motive among other constituents of the subjective side of the crime and the obligatory sign among the elements of evidence in the criminal process is quite logical and justified. But many aspects related to the motive for the crime must be refined. Ukrainian legislation, including criminal law, become more progressive every year and meets European standards.

Silurian acastacean trilobites of the Americas

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Edgecombe
Keyword(s):  
Minor Element ◽  
South American ◽  
A Minor ◽  
North And South

Species of the superfamily Acastacea constitute a minor element of North and South American Silurian trilobite faunas. Phacopidina? obsoleta (Ulrich and Delo) (Llandovery, Tennessee) provides the sole Silurian record of the “kloucekiine” grade (Acastacea s.l.); a lectotype is designated for this species. Acaste birminghamensis Norford (mid Llandovery, Alabama) lacks synapomorphies of post-Llandovery Acastidae s.s. (=Acastinae + “Acastavinae” + Asteropyginae), and is the basis for Llandovacaste n. gen. (Acastidae s.l.). A well-preserved sample of Andinacaste cf. A. ledgrandi Eldredge and Braniša from the Catavi Formation (Ludlow–Přídolí), Bolivia, displays apomorphic characters of the genal spines and hypostome shared with Devonian calmoniids. Coaptative structures, including vincular furrow/pits and “bifurcated” thoracic pleural tips, are documented for Andinacaste; similar enrollment morphologies arose in other acastomorph calmoniids. Poorly known Llandovery acastaceans from Paraguay and Venezuela may represent Andinacaste. Acaste zerinae n. sp. from the Pembroke Formation (Přídolí) of Maine is closely comparable to British late Wenlock A. downingiae (Murchison). The Australian Gedinnian acastine placed in Phacopinae indet. longisulcata (Shergold) is designated Acaste lokii n. sp.

How can a minor element added to a binary amorphous alloy simultaneously improve the plasticity and glass-forming ability?

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (17) ◽  
pp. 6597-6608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Mirim Lee ◽  
Kwang-Ryeol Lee ◽  
Jae-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Glass Forming Ability ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
A Minor

First-Principles Study of Atomic Hydrogen and Oxygen Adsorption on Doped-Iron Nanoclusters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishith K. Das ◽  
T. Shoji
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Oxygen Adsorption ◽  
Ground State Structure ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Strong Hybridization ◽  
A Minor

Density functional theory calculations have been used to calculate the ground state structure and oxygen and hydrogen adsorption properties of the pure and doped-iron nanoclusters. Small atomic clusters containing two to six atoms have been considered and a single Fe atom has replaced by a minor element i.e. Zr, Ti, and Sc. Doping of a minor element increases the cluster stability and octahedron Fe5Zr is the most stable structure within this study. Zr- and Sc-doped clusters have the highest oxygen and hydrogen adsorption energy. The electronic structure shows a strong hybridization between the metal 3d and oxygen 2p orbitals with a small contribution from metal 4s and 3p orbitals. Additionally, H s and metal 4s states form a new peak below the Fermi energy and a small modification is observed for 3d orbitals near the Fermi level. A small amount of Zr- and Sc-doping into the Fe-based alloys might improve the oxide film adherence.

A Method for Noise Source Levels Inversion with Underwater Ambient Noise Generated by Typhoon in Deep Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiulong Yang ◽  
Kunde Yang ◽  
Shunli Duan
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Noise Source ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Noise Field ◽  
Sea Surface Wind ◽  
Source Level ◽  
The Western Pacific ◽  
Good Agreement

Sea-surface wind agitation can be considered the dominant noise sources whose intensity relies on local wind speed during typhoon period. Noise source levels in previous researches may be unappreciated for all oceanic regions and should be corrected for modeling typhoon-generated ambient noise fields in deep ocean. This work describes the inversion of wind-driven noise source level based on a noise field model and experimental measurements, and the verification of the inverted noise source levels with experimental results during typhoon period. A method based on ray approach is presented for modeling underwater ambient noise fields generated by typhoons in deep ocean. Besides, acoustic field reciprocity is utilized to decrease the calculation amount in modeling ambient noise field. What is more, the depth dependence and the vertical directionality of noise field based on the modeling method and the Holland typhoon model are evaluated and analyzed in deep ocean. Furthermore, typhoons named “Soulik” in 2013 and “Nida” in 2016 passed by the receivers deployed in the western Pacific (WP) and the South China Sea (SCS). Variations in sound speed profile, bathymetry, and the related oceanic meteorological parameters are analyzed and taken into consideration for modeling noise field. Boundary constraint simulated annealing (SA) method is utilized to invert the three parameters of noise source levels and to minimize the objective function value. The prediction results with the inverted noise source levels exhibit good agreement with the measured experiment data and are compared with predicted results with other noise sources levels derived in previous researches.

Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The North ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
A Minor

<em>Abstract</em>.—The biology and fisheries of macrourid species in the NE Atlantic are reviewed. Of about 30 species that occur within that area, the roundnose grenadier <em>Coryphaenoides rupestris </em>is one of the main target species of deep-water fisheries. Roughhead grenadier <em>Macrourus berglax </em>is a minor bycatch of other deep-water fisheries and an occasional target of some small fisheries. Other macrourid species are not commercially exploited because they are too small and/or in too deep waters, but some are also taken as accidental bycatch. There are three main fisheries for roundnose grenadier: north and west of the British Isles, Skagerrak, and Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Skagerrak fishery is mainly for fish meal while the others are for human consumption. Due to data availability, a range of assessment methods has been trialled primarily for stocks to the north and west of the British Isles. Although uncertain, these assessments provide evidence that the stock has been severely depleted. Fisheries were largely unregulated until the early 2000s, but following repeated International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) advice, total allowable catches were introduced in 2003 together with effort and capacity regulations. Roundnose grenadier is the most studied species. It lives more than 50 years, compared to 30 years or more for roughhead grenadier. The limited knowledge of other species suggests a contrasting picture of maximum age ranging from 10 to 40 years. Taking into account the limited biological knowledge for these species, the pros and cons of the current management regime are discussed.

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