scholarly journals Molecular identification of three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum isolated from agricultural soils in Argentina, and their abilities to detoxify in vitro metsulfuron methyl

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Belén Vázquez ◽  
Viviana Barrera ◽  
Virginia Bianchinotti
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Metsulfuron methyl (MM) is a sulfonylurea herbicide used worldwide for the control of weeds in cereal crops. In a previous study, three Trichoderma strains (T5, T6, and T7) capable of using MM as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated. In this study, the three strains were identified as Trichoderma harzianum using genetic markers, and the transformation of MM by the T. harzianum strains was quantified using spectrophotometry. Solutions of different phytotoxic doses of MM were incubated with plugs of mycelia of the Trichoderma strains and the resulting mixtures were used to assess MM detoxification. The toxicity of the degradation products was tested with a bioassay using pre-germinated seeds of Lens culinaris Medik. and mycelia. Strain T7 was more efficient in transforming MM at higher concentrations than the T5 and T6 strains. In the bioassay, T5 showed the best performance at higher MM doses. We conclude that both T5 and T7 strains are promising for further studies regarding treatment or amelioration of MM contaminated soils.

An In Vitro Control Study To Test The Fungus Trichoderma Harzianum Strain T 22 For Contaminated Soils Bioremediation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Antonio Cristaldi ◽  
Gea Oliveri Conti ◽  
Alfina Grasso ◽  
Giovanni Arena ◽  
Chiara Copat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals LC-HRMS screening of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in impregnated paper samples and contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Bugsel ◽  
Rebecca Bauer ◽  
Florian Herrmann ◽  
Martin E. Maier ◽  
Christian Zwiener
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Chain Lengths

AbstractHigh per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations have been detected in agricultural soils in Southwest Germany. Discharges of PFAS-contaminated paper sludge and compost are suspected to be the cause of the contamination. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) have been detected also in groundwater, drinking water, and plants in this area. Recently, previously unknown compounds have been identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Major contaminants were polyfluorinated dialkylated phosphate esters (diPAPs) and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol–based phosphate diester (diSAmPAP). In this study, HRMS screening for PFAS was applied to 14 soil samples from the contaminated area and 14 impregnated paper samples which were from a similar period than the contamination. The paper samples were characterized by diPAPs (from 4:2/6:2 to 12:2/12:2), fluorotelomer mercapto alkyl phosphates (FTMAPs; 6:2/6:2 to 10:2/10:2), and diSAmPAP. In soil samples, diPAPs and their transformation products (TPs) were the major contaminants, but also FTMAPs, diSAmPAP, and their TPs occurred. The distribution patterns of the carbon chain lengths of the precursor PFAS in soil samples were shown to resemble those in paper samples. This supports the hypothesis that paper sludge is a major source of contamination. The presence of major degradation products like PFCAs, FTSAs, or PFOS and their distribution of carbon chain lengths indicate the activity of biotic or abiotic degradation processes and selective leaching processes from the upper soil horizons. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Sulfonylurea tolerance of wheat genotypes in zygotic embryo culture

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankica Kondic-Spika ◽  
Kristina Petrovic ◽  
R. Jevtic ◽  
B. Kobiljski ◽  
Mira Pucarevic
Keyword(s):  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Modified Ms Medium

Tolerance of wheat genotypes to the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron-methyl was studied using in vitro culture. Six randomly selected wheat genotypes were used for isolation. Mature embryos were inoculated onto a modified MS medium to which three concentrations of metsulfuron-methyl were added: I-30 g l-1, II-60 g l-1, and III-90 g l-1. The control group of embryos was cultivated on a herbicide-free medium. After one month of cultivation, callus fresh weight was measured. There were significant differences among the genotypes regarding their tolerance to metsulfuron-methyl. The Pobeda cultivar expressed the highest and the Lr-12 genotype had the lowest level of herbicide tolerance.

A Monoclonal Antibody-Based Enzyme Immunoassay for Fibrin Degradation Products in Plasma

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Koppert ◽  
E Hoegee-de Nobel ◽  
W Nieuwenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Strong Positive Reaction ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Capture Antibody

SummaryWe have developed a sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the quantitation of fibrin degradation products (FbDP) in plasma with a time-to-result of only 45 minutes.* The assay is based on the combination of the specificities of two monoclonal antibodies (FDP-14 and DD-13), developed in our institute. FDP-14, the capture antibody, binds both fibrinogen degradation products (FbgDP) and FbDP, but does not react with the parent fibrin(ogen) molecules. It has its epitope in the E-domain of the fibrinogen molecule on the Bβ-chain between amino acids 54-118. Antibody DD-13 was raised using D-dimer as antigen and is used as a tagging antibody, conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase. A strong positive reaction is obtained with a whole blood clot lysate (lysis induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator) which is used as a standard. The EIA does virtually not detect FbgDP i. e. purified fragments X, Y, or FbgDP generated in vitro in plasma by streptokinase treatment. This indicates that the assay is specific for fibrin degradation products.We have successfully applied this assay to the plasma of patients with a variety of diseased states. In combination with the assay previously developed by us for FbgDP and for the total amount of FbgDP + FbDP (TDP) in plasma, we are now able to study the composition of TDP in patients plasma in terms of FbgDP and FbDP.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

Accumulation of Macromolecular Particles in the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) Mediated by Platelet Aggregation and Disaggregation

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 496-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G van Aken ◽  
J Vreeken
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Carbon Clearance ◽  
Aggregation And Disaggregation ◽  
Platelet Aggregates

SummaryCarbon particles cause platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Prior studies established that substances which modify thrombocyte aggregation also influence the rate at which carbon is cleared from the blood.This study was performed in order to elucidate the mechanism by which the carbon-platelet aggregates specifically accumulate in the RES.Activation of fibrinolysis by urokinase or streptokinase reduced the carbon clearance rate, probably due to generated fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). Isolated FDP decreased the carbon clearance and caused disaggregation of platelets and particles in vitro. Inhibition of fibrinolysis by epsilon-amino-caproic acid (EACA), initially accelerated the disappearance of carbon and caused particle accumulation outside the RES, predominantly in the lungs. It is supposed that platelet aggregation and locally activated fibrinolysis act together in the clearance of particles. In the normal situation the RES with its well known low fibrinolytic activity, becomes the receptor of the particles.

The Effects of Brinolase (Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Aspergillus Oryzae) on Platelet Aggregation of Dog and Man

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. E Roschlau ◽  
R Gage
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Blood Platelet Aggregation

SummaryInhibition of blood platelet aggregation by brinolase (fibrinolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae) has been demonstrated with human platelets in vitro and with dog platelets in vivo and in vitro, using both ADP and collagen as aggregating stimuli. It is suggested that the optimal inhibitory effects of brinolase occur indirectly through the generation of plasma fibrinogen degradation products, without compromising platelet viability, rather than by direct proteolysis of platelet structures.

Design and Evaluation of Long Acting Biodegradable PLGA Microspheres for Ocular Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Pandya ◽  
Rajani Athawale ◽  
Durga Puro ◽  
Geeta Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Plga Microspheres ◽  
Long Acting

Background: The research work involves development of PLGA biodegradable microspheres loaded with dexamethasome for intraocular delivery. Objective: To design and evaluate long acting PLGA microspheres for ocular delivery of dexamethasone. Method: Present formulation involves the development of long acting dexamethasone loaded microspheres composed of a biodegradable controlled release polymer, Poly(D, L- lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), for the treatment of posterior segment eye disorders intravitreally. PLGA with monomer ratio of 50:50 of lactic acid to glycolic acid was used to achieve a drug release up to 45 days. Quality by Design approach was utilized for designing the experiments. Single emulsion solvent evaporation technique along with high pressure homogenization was used to facilitate formation of microspheres. Results: Particle size evaluation, drug content and drug entrapment efficiency were determined for the microspheres. Particle size and morphology was observed using Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) and microspheres were in the size range of 1-5 μm. Assessment of drug release was done using in vitro studies and transretinal permeation was observed by ex vivo studies using goat retinal tissues. Conclusion: Considering the dire need for prolonged therapeutic effect in diseases of the posterior eye, an intravitreal long acting formulation was designed. Use of biodegradable polymer with biocompatible degradation products was a rational approach to achieve this aim. Outcome from present research shows that developed microspheres would provide a long acting drug profile and reduce the frequency of administration thereby improving patient compliance.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Glucosinolates and Their Degradation Products against Brassica-Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sotelo ◽  
M. Lema ◽  
P. Soengas ◽  
M. E. Cartea ◽  
P. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects

ABSTRACTGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites found inBrassicavegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. Both GSLs and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. Information about theirin vitrobiocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin GSLs and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to be soil biocides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 GSLs and GHPs and of leaf methanolic extracts of different GSL-enrichedBrassicacrops on suppressingin vitrogrowth of two bacterial (Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris andPseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola) and two fungal (AlternariabrassicaeandSclerotiniascletoriorum)Brassicapathogens. GSLs, GHPs, and methanolic leaf extracts inhibited the development of the pathogens tested compared to the control, and the effect was dose dependent. Furthermore, the biocide effects of the different compounds studied were dependent on the species and race of the pathogen. These results indicate that GSLs and their GHPs, as well as extracts of differentBrassicaspecies, have potential to inhibit pathogen growth and offer new opportunities to study the use ofBrassicacrops in biofumigation for the control of multiple diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document