Jack pine becomes more vulnerable to cavitation with increasing latitudes under doubled CO2 concentration

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shah Newaz ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Rongzhou Man
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Photoperiod Regime ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration

Trees may migrate northward in response to climate change and become exposed to new photoperiod and soil moisture regimes. This study assessed the impacts of photoperiod and its interaction with soil moisture and carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on the hydraulic conductivity in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and its vulnerability to xylem embolism. Seedlings were exposed to 400 vs. 950 μmol·mol−1 [CO2], 60%–70% vs. 30%–40% (of field capacity) soil moisture, and photoperiods of seed origin and 5° and 10° north of seed origin in greenhouses. Cavitation vulnerability curves were measured for determining the xylem pressure at which 50% hydraulic conductivity was lost (ΨPLC50). It was found that elevated [CO2] significantly increased hydraulic conductivity, whereas low soil moisture decreased it. Under elevated [CO2], the xylem became progressively more vulnerable to embolism with changes in photoperiod regime from the seed origin to 10° north of the seed origin, as indicated by the progressively less negative ΨPLC50. However, no such a trend was detected under the ambient [CO2]. The results suggest that the species may become less resistant to drought as the atmospheric [CO2] increases, hindering the northward migration or seed transfers. Even within its current natural distribution range, trees near its northern boundary of the range may be more vulnerable to embolism as the atmospheric [CO2] increases even without any change in moisture conditions.

Northward migration of trembling aspen will increase growth but reduce resistance to drought-induced xylem cavitation

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahari Inoue ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Binyam Tedla
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Xylem Cavitation ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Photoperiod Regime

Tree migration to higher latitudes may occur in response to future changes in climate, exposing the trees to higher concentrations of carbon dioxide ([CO2]), new photoperiods, different levels of soil moisture, and other new conditions. These new conditions can influence the physiology, survival, and growth of trees. This study examined the interactive effects of [CO2], photoperiod, and soil moisture on the morphology and resistance to xylem cavitation in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). One-year-old seedlings, in greenhouses, were exposed to two [CO2] (ambient [CO2] 400 μmol·mol−1 or an elevated [CO2] 1000 μmol·mol−1), four photoperiod regimes corresponding to latitudes 48°N (seed origin), 52°N, 55°N, and 58°N, and two levels of soil moisture (60%–75% and 13%–20% of field capacity) for one growing season. Seedling growth, leaf size, specific leaf area, biomass allocation, and xylem resistance to cavitation (water potentials for 20%, 50%, and 80% loss of hydraulic conductivity) were assessed. The seedlings under the longest photoperiod regime (58°N latitude) had greatest height and biomass but smallest specific leaf area. Under the elevated [CO2], however, the longest photoperiod regime significantly reduced xylem resistance to drought-induced cavitation compared with the photoperiod corresponding to 48°N. These results suggest that when migrating to higher latitudes, trembling aspen may grow faster but could become less resistant to drought and more prone to hydraulic failure during a drought spell.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Climate Change Variables on the Ecology and Management of Sesbania cannabina through Glyphosate

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Nadeem Iqbal ◽  
Sudheesh Manalil ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan ◽  
Steve Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

An elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and frequent droughts are two anticipated climate change scenarios in which certain invasive weeds may develop competitive advantages over crops and adversely impact productivity and herbicide efficacy. Hence, a study was conducted to explore the effect of different climatic scenarios on the growth and management of Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers with glyphosate. The variables investigated were two CO2 concentrations (400 and 700 ppm), two soil moisture levels (100% and 50% of field capacity (FC)), and three glyphosate rates (0 (control), 517 (50% of recommended rate), and 1034 g ae ha−1 (recommended rate)). CO2 concentrations and soil moisture levels had different effects on the growth and management of S. cannabina. Overall, 100% FC and elevated [CO2] of 700 ppm recorded the maximum plant height (38 cm), leaves per plant (20), growth index (60), chlorophyll content (SPAD value 37), and dry biomass (3 g) in comparison with ambient [CO2] of 400 ppm and 50% FC treatment. The recommended glyphosate application gave 100% weed biomass reduction; however, efficacy was reduced (63%) when applied at 50% of the recommended rate under elevated [CO2] of 700 ppm and 50% FC conditions.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE ON UREA HYDROLYSIS AND MICROBIAL RESPIRATION IN JACK PINE HUMUS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. FOSTER ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
C. T. CORKE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Microbial Response ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Wide Range

The influence of soil moisture on urea hydrolysis and microbial respiration in mixed L and F horizons of a Brunisolic soil under a boreal forest jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand was determined in an incubation study at 13 °C. Respiration rates in untreated soil were similar over a wide range of moisture contents below 300% (45% water-holding capacity). Significant decreases in respiration rates occurred only below 60% moisture content. Initial microbial response to urea increased as soil moisture rose from 20 to 300%. There was sufficient urease in pine humus to hydrolyze rapidly the equivalent of 200 kg urea-N∙ha−1, when moisture was not limiting. During the drying of initially moist soil (340% H2O) to 240% H2O or lower, urea hydrolysis was retarded significantly and microbial respiration reduced by an average of 25% over that observed in a constantly moist soil.

Plant Growth and Water Use With Limited Water Supply in High CO2 Concentrations. I. Leaf Area, Water Use and Transpiration

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIL Morison ◽  
RM Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
High Co2

Plants of 16 agricultural and horticultural species were grown from seed in spaced pots in two glasshouses, one with normal and one with twice the present atmospheric CO2 concentration. Water use and leaf area development were measured while soil moisture content declined from field capacity to c. 6%. High CO2 increased leaf area in all but two species, the increase varying from 20 to 75%. However, the water loss per plant followed a similar time course to that of plants in control CO2 concentration because of the reduction of daily transpiration rate per unit leaf area (range 4-39%). Cowpea and sunflower plants rewatered after one soil drying cycle showed 9 and 5%, respectively, lower transpiration rate in high CO2 over a subsequent drying cycle than in the first cycle. Averaging across all species and soil moisture contents, transpiration rate was less reduced by high CO2 (21%) than was stomatal conductance (36%) and this is attributed to the increased leaf temperature caused by reduced stomatal conductance.

The control of seed germination by moisture as a soil physical property

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Collis-George ◽  
JE Sands
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The germination (i.e. the first emergence of the radicle) of Medicago denticulata Willd., M. confinis Koch, M. tribuloides Desr., and Juncus vaginatus R. Br. under controlled moisture conditions has been examined. Moisture regime was defined by the soil moisture suction (pF). The influences of temperature and light, which would otherwise obscure the importance of soil moisture, have been minimized by comparing the number of seeds germinated under each physical regime with the maximum number germinated for each species under identical physical conditions when suction was approximately zero (i.e. standard cotton wool germination count procedure). The differing water regimes were obtained by using methods common in soil physics – the tension plate and pressure membrane methods – the seeds being in contact with the plate or membrane kept at a constant water suction. Additionally, two soil media, were used with the Medicago spp. It was found that: For all species an increase in suction produced a decrease in rate of germination until at 10 atm, germination practically ceased. Medicago spp. showed a smaller decline in rate as suction increased than did J. vaginatus. The moisture conditions to allow J. vaginatus to germinate at rates comparable with those for the Medicago spp. were quite restricted and corresponded to high water-tables or soils wetter than field capacity. The moisture condition of the soils controlled the germination rate not only by means of the suction effect, but also in terms of hydraulic conductivity (or permeability). A drier soil having less ability to transmit water than a wetter soil reduced the rate at which water could reach the seed, with a consequent decline in the germination rate. As the relationships between: (a) moisture content and suction, and (b) moisture content and hydraulic conductivity, are soil characteristics, it is necessary to define the soil moisture characteristic as well as moisture content in germination experiments.

HEART ROT OF JACK PINE IN ONTARIO. III. DECAY RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON MANAGEMENT

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Basham
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Percentage Basis

A total of 4,287 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees were sampled throughout most of the range of this species in Ontario. Tree age was the factor associated with the greatest variation in the extent of defects of fungal origin (decay) within the merchantable bole. The amount of decay increased with host age, accelerating markedly after 90 to 100 years. A close relationship also was found between the extent of defective jack pine heartwood and three geographical regions of the Province. Roughly twice as much decay, on a volume percentage basis, was encountered in western Ontario as in eastern Ontario. A tendency for more decay to occur in relatively slow growing jack pine was observed; however, this was not statistically significant. Site, based on soil moisture regime, was related to the incidence of decay in the sample trees. There is evidence from this and other investigations that the growth rate of jack pine is highest on moderately dry to moderately fresh sites with soil moisture regimes 2 or 3. Most jack pine in Ontario occurs on very dry or dry soil moisture regimes 0 or 1. The extent of decay was significantly less on regimes 2 and 3 which represent the optimum sites for jack pine quality and growth in Ontario.

Soil Moisture Deficits in South-Central Sweden

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Neutron Probe ◽  
South Central ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Moisture Fluxes ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Probe Measurements ◽  
Different Parts

Some commonly used assumptions about climatically induced soil moisture fluxes within years and between different parts of a region were challenged with the help of a conceptual soil moisture model. The model was optimised against neutron probe measurements from forest and grassland sites. Five 10 yrs and one 105 yrs long climatic records, from the province of Östergötland, situated in south-central Sweden, were used as driving variables. It was concluded that some of the tested assumptions should not be taken for granted. Among these were the beliefs that interannual variations of soil moisture contents can be neglected in the beginning of the hydrological year and that soils usually are filled up to field capacity after the autumn recharge. The calculated climatic induced dryness was estimated to be rather insensitive to the choice of climatic stations within the region. Monthly ranges of soil moisture deficits (1883-1987) were shown to be skewed and it is therefore recommended to use medians and standard deviations in statistical analyses of “normal” ranges of soil moisture deficits.

scholarly journals Millennium time-scale experiments on climate-carbon cycle with doubled CO2 concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Hajima ◽  
Akitomo Yamamoto ◽  
Michio Kawamiya ◽  
Xuanming Su ◽  
Michio Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration

scholarly journals Trade-Offs among Release Treatments in Jack Pine Plantations: Twenty-Five Year Responses

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Holly D. Deighton ◽  
Frederick Wayne Bell ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Eric B. Searle ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Forest Managers

We assessed 27 indicators of plant diversity, stand yield and individual crop tree responses 25 years post-treatment to determine long-term trade-offs among conifer release treatments in boreal and sub-boreal forests. This research addresses the lack of longer-term data needed by forest managers to implement more integrated vegetation management programs, supporting more informed decisions about release treatment choice. Four treatments (untreated control, motor-manual brushsaw, single aerial spray, and complete competition removal) were established at two jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites in Ontario, Canada. Our results suggest that plant diversity and productivity in boreal jack pine forests are significantly influenced by vegetation management treatments. Overall, release treatments did not cause a loss of diversity but benefitted stand-scale yield and individual crop tree growth, with maximum benefits occurring in more intensive release treatments. However, none of the treatments maximized all 27 indicators studied; thus, forest managers are faced with trade-offs when choosing treatments. Research on longer term effects, ideally through at least one rotation, is essential to fully understand outcomes of different vegetation management on forest diversity, stand yield, and individual crop tree responses.

Jack pine cone quality and cache sizes of red squirrels in southern New Brunswick, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Setterington ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Relationships between external cone characteristics (length, width, wet and dry mass), cone quality (total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass, total number of seeds per cone, total seed mass per cone), and number of cones in caches were evaluated for caches of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) cones belonging to red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in two plantations in southern New Brunswick. Cone length and mass were good predictors of the total number of seeds per cone and total seed mass per cone. Length accounted for a small proportion of the variance of total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass. There was no relationship between the number of seeds or total seed mass per cone and the number of cones per cache.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document