scholarly journals Following the thread: Mytilus mussel byssus as an inspired multi-functional biomaterial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Herbert Waite ◽  
Matthew James Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Model System ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Marine Mussels ◽  
To Come ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Mussel Byssus

Over the last 15 years, the byssus of marine mussels (Mytilus spp.) has emerged as an important model system for the bio-inspired development and synthesis of advanced polymers and adhesives. But how did these seemingly inconsequential fibers that are routinely discarded in mussel hors d’oeuvres become the focus of intense international research. In the present review, we take a historical perspective to understand this phenomenon. Our purpose is not to review the sizeable literature of mussel-inspired materials as there are numerous excellent reviews that cover this topic in great depth. Instead, we explore how the byssus became a magnet for bio-inspired materials science, with a focus on the specific breakthroughs in the understanding of composition, structure, function and formation of the byssus achieved through fundamental scientific investigation. Extracted principles have led to bio-inspired design of novel materials with both biomedical and technical applications, including surgical adhesives, self-healing polymers, tunable hydrogels and even actuated composites. Continued study into the byssus of Mytilid mussels and other species will provide a rich source of inspiration for years to come.

Self-healable Functional Polymers based on Diels-Alder ‘Click Chemistry’ Involving Substituted Furan and Triazolinedione Derivatives; A Simple and Very Fast Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prantik Mondal ◽  
Gourhari Jana ◽  
Tuhin Subhra Pal ◽  
Pratim K. Chattaraj ◽  
Nikhil K Singha
Keyword(s):  
Click Chemistry ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Polymers ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Fast Approach ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

Nowadays, the design of functional polymer materials that can mimic natural phenomena, e.g., self-healing of skin cuts, has got a tremendous interest in materials science and engineering. Recently, 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (TAD)...

scholarly journals Metal Coordination‐Mediated Functional Grading and Self‐Healing in Mussel Byssus Cuticle

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 1902043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Xu ◽  
Meng Xu ◽  
Chun‐Yu Lin ◽  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Coordination ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Mussel Byssus

scholarly journals A Historical Perspective on Dark Matter

1987 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 547-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Tremaine
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Galactic Structure ◽  
Extragalactic Astronomy ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Of Affairs

The dominant impression which I carry away from this meeting is that extragalactic astronomy has reached a crisis (‘a state of affairs in which a decisive change for better or worse is imminent’, according to Fowler). The nature, origin and distribution of the dark matter and its role in galaxy formation and dynamics are issues whose resolution is likely to determine the direction of studies in galactic structure and cosmology for decades to come.

Editorials: The Applied Anthropologist—Informant or Professional?

1952 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Field ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Pure Science ◽  
To Come ◽  
Formal Statement

In the course of intermittent discussions about the responsibilities of the applied anthropologist, anxieties about the place of "pure" science are sure to come up. In the Society's formal statement of its purposes, and numerous times in this journal, it has been stated that our conception of the field is that it involves the scientific investigation of change in human relations. These statements seem to have had only sporadic impact, however. In general, the question of definitions gets inextricably tangled with the "practical" and the "pure" or what is called euphoniously, "the anthropological problem." Evans-Pritchard, some years ago, even went so far as to state that when an anthropologist investigates practical problems "he must realize that he is no longer acting in the anthropological field but in the non-scientific field of administration." (Our italics).

scholarly journals Self-Healing of Ionomeric Polymers with Carbon Fibers from Medium-Velocity Impact and Resistive Heating

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Baba Sundaresan ◽  
Andrew Morgan ◽  
Matt Castellucci
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Resistive Heating ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composite Self

Self-healing materials science has seen significant advances in the last decade. Recent efforts have demonstrated healing in polymeric materials through chemical reaction, thermal treatment, and ultraviolet irradiation. The existing technology for healing polymeric materials through the aforementioned mechanisms produces an irreversible change in the material and makes it unsuitable for subsequent healing cycles. To overcome these disadvantages, we demonstrate a new composite self-healing material made from an ionomer (Surlyn) and carbon fiber that can sustain damage from medium-velocity impact and heal from the energy of the impact. Furthermore, the carbon fiber embedded in the polymer matrix results in resistive heating of the polymer matrix locally, melts the ionomer matrix around the damage, and heals the material at the damaged location. This paper presents methods to melt-process Surlyn with carbon fiber and demonstrates healing in the material through medium-velocity impact tests, resistive heating, and imaging through electron and optical microscopy. A new metric for quantifying self-healing in the sample, called width-heal ratio, is developed, and we report that the Surlyn-carbon fiber-based material under an optimal rate of heating and at the correct temperature has a width-heal ratio of >0.9, thereby demonstrating complete recovery from the damage.

Digital Structural Design and Research of Optical Microscope

2014 ◽  
Vol 527 ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Yun Xiao Shan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Acquisition Device ◽  
To Come

The article has been discussed that it adopts step-by-step electric motor to come to auto-control through reforming the carrier and the objective lens£¬the design of the image acquisition device£¬adjustment mechanism of the Imaging lens is designed by adding the step-by-step electric motor pretending to realize high focusing accuracy and brings forward innovation design about the auto alignment device in micro field of view. This project aims to improve the ordinary microscopes and develop the digital acquisition system of the microscopic image which can accurately acquire the image information. It also can be wildly used in areas such as biomedicine, materials science, research experiments and so on.

scholarly journals Musica fibonacciana: Aesthetic and practical approach

New Sound ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Rima Povilionienè
Keyword(s):  
Music Composition ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Fibonacci Numbers ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Fibonacci Sequence ◽  
Number Sequences ◽  
Music And Mathematics ◽  
To Come ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
And Mathematics

In the sphere of musical research, the intersection of two seemingly very different subject areas-music and mathematics is in essence related to one of the trends of music-attributing the theory of music to science, to the sphere of mathematica. It is regarded the longest-lasting interdisciplinary dialogue. The implication of numerical proportions and number sequences in the music composition of different epochs is closely related to this sphere. A significant role in creating music was attributed to the so-called infinite Fibonacci sequence. Perhaps the most important feature of the Fibonacci numbers, which attracted the attention of thinkers and creators of different epochs, is the fact that by means of the ratio between them it is possible to come maximally close to the Golden Ratio formula, which expresses the laws of nature. On a practical plane, often the climax, the most important part of any composition, matches the point of the Golden Ratio; groups of notes, rhythm, choice of tone pitches, a grouping of measures, time signature, as well as proportions between a musical composition's parts may be regulated according to Fibonacci principles. The article presents three analytical cases-Chopin's piano prelude, Bourgeois' composition for organ, and Reich's minimalistic piece, attempting to render music composition structure to the logic of Fibonacci numbers.

scholarly journals Interactions in ternary bismuth-containing molybdate systems M2MoO4-Bi2(MoO4)3-Zr(MoO4)2 in the subsolidus region

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-516
Author(s):  
J. G. Bazarova ◽  
A. V. Logvinova ◽  
B. G. Bazarov
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Subsolidus Region ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Ternary Molybdates ◽  
Composition Structure

A fundamental problem in materials science consists in establishing a relationship between the chemical composition, structure, and properties of materials. This issue can be solved through the study of multicomponent systems and the directed synthesis of promising compounds. Of practical interest here are active dielectrics that are based on complex oxide compounds, specifically molybdates. Among complex molybdates and tungstates, ternary caged molybdates of the following structural types are of greatest importance: nasicon, perovskite, langbeinite, etc. Due to their widely varying elemental and quantitative compositions, such molybdates are convenient models for structural and chemical design, as well as the establishment of “composition–structure– properties” genetic relationships. Bismuth-containing complex molybdate systems exhibit the formation of phases having ferro-piezoelectric, ionic, and other properties. In this work, the Rb2MoO4–Bi2(MoO4)3–Zr(MoO4)2 ter nary salt system was studied for the first time using the method of intersecting sections in the subsolidus region (450–650 ℃). To this end, quasibinary sections were identified; triangulation was performed. Ternary molybdates Rb5BiZr(MoO4)6 and Rb2BiZr2(MoO4)6,5 were formed in the system using a ceramic technology. These compounds are isostructural to the previously obtained REE molybdates (M5LnZr(MoO4)6) but contain trivalent bismuth instead of rare earth elements. The structure of Rb5BiZr(MoO4)6 was adjusted via the Rietveld refinement technique using the TOPAS 4.2 software package. The ternary molybdate crystallizes in a trigonal system, with the following unit cell parameters of the R`3c space group: a = 10.7756(2) and c = 39.0464(7) Å. According to the studies of thermal properties exhibited by M5BiZr(MoO4)6, these ternary molybdates undergo the first-order phase transition in the temperature range of 450–600 ºC. The IR and Raman spectra of M5BiZr(MoO4)6 reveal the crystallization of ternary molybdates in the R`3c space group. The conducted comparative characterization of M2MoO4–Bi2(MoO4)3–Zr(MoO4)2 phase diagrams suggests that the phase equilibria of these systems depend on the nature of molybdates of monovalent elements.

scholarly journals Repeated Exposure to Benzalkonium Chloride in the Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test (EVEIT): Observation of Isolated Corneal Damage and Healing

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Frentz ◽  
Miriam Goss ◽  
Martin Reim ◽  
Norbert F. Schrage
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Preclinical Testing ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
To Come

The prediction of side-effects is a key issue in the REACH initiative on chemicals, in the production of cosmetics and in the preclinical testing of drugs. A new ex vivo test for repeated substance application is presented, that is able to identify corrosive and irritant effects on the eye by using crucial endpoints, such as cellular and morphological damage, and healing characteristics. The test is intended to replace the Draize eye test and to improve the preclinical testing of drugs and chemicals that are likely to come into direct contact with the cornea. The Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test (EVEIT) is a self-healing system, involving living corneas obtained from abattoir rabbit eyes. The corneas are cultured in a similar way to the method used during the transplantation of corneal grafts. The corneas are exposed to multiple small, mechanical abrasions, and then test substances are repeatedly dropped onto the centres of the corneas. The test substances applied in this study were citrate-buffered hyaluronate eye drops and an artificial tear replacement, with increasing concentrations of up to 0.1% benzalkonium chloride. A dose-dependent inhibition of recovery and impairment of the lactate production mechanism in the cornea was observed with benzalkonium chloride treatment.

scholarly journals Bio-Influenced Self-Healing Mechanism in Concrete and Its Testing: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Griño ◽  
Ma. Klarissa M. Daly ◽  
Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Load Combination ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
To Come ◽  
Concrete Matrix

The micro-cracks in concrete structures are inevitable due to deterioration throughout their service life through various load combination factors. For that reason, there is a need to repair and maintain the concrete in order to prevent the cracks from propagating, which can decrease the service life of the structure. Using bacteria is one of the possible solutions to repair and heal the cracks. Recent research has shown that, in order to achieve the extended service life of a concrete material, a bio-influenced material, such as bacteria, can be used in order to induce the autonomous self-healing of cracks in concrete. Many researchers are still exploring the potential of bacteria for improving the durability and strength of concrete. However, an inclusive literature review revealed that a self-healing mechanism using bacteria can still be improved. There is an imperative need to conduct a comprehensive review about the recent development of and studies into the self-healing mechanism of concrete, in particular with the behavior of bacteria and its effect on the macro, micro and nanostructure of the concrete matrix. This review article can reveal the potential research gap, predict the emerging research topics and define all existing problems or challenges about the bio-influenced self-healing mechanism in concrete. The latest articles are summarized and analyzed using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) in Matlab software in order to come up with a possible area of development and future research into bio-concrete. Microencapsulated technology and acoustic emission could be the emerging methods for evaluating the performance of the bacteria and detecting real time cracks inside the concrete matrix in the future. However, there are still existing problems and challenges regarding the adoption of bacteria in the field of construction industry.

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