Editorials: The Applied Anthropologist—Informant or Professional?

doi:10.17730/humo.11.2.4811680252k6l404

Editorials: The Applied Anthropologist—Informant or Professional?

Human Organization ◽

10.17730/humo.11.2.4811680252k6l404 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 3-4

Keyword(s):

Scientific Field ◽

Scientific Investigation ◽

Human Relations ◽

Pure Science ◽

To Come ◽

Formal Statement

In the course of intermittent discussions about the responsibilities of the applied anthropologist, anxieties about the place of "pure" science are sure to come up. In the Society's formal statement of its purposes, and numerous times in this journal, it has been stated that our conception of the field is that it involves the scientific investigation of change in human relations. These statements seem to have had only sporadic impact, however. In general, the question of definitions gets inextricably tangled with the "practical" and the "pure" or what is called euphoniously, "the anthropological problem." Evans-Pritchard, some years ago, even went so far as to state that when an anthropologist investigates practical problems "he must realize that he is no longer acting in the anthropological field but in the non-scientific field of administration." (Our italics).

Download Full-text

One or several granular geographies?

Dialogues in Human Geography ◽

10.1177/20438206211004860 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 204382062110048

Author(s):

William Jamieson

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Human Relations ◽

Original Presentation ◽

To Come

This response addresses the issues and potentialities raised by the commentaries on my article, ‘For Granular Geography’. It clarifies some of the tensions within my original presentation of granular geography, and then outlines two diverging trajectories for granular geographies to come. The first outlines a geophilosophical and geomorphological trajectory of granular assemblages that map how sand binds elemental and non-human relations to interrogate the emerging global sand crisis. The second trajectory consists of developing granular relations for the ecological critique of political economy as a set of tools for theorising unstable relations between capital and nature, complementing existing metaphors of metabolism.

Download Full-text

Do Not Neglect the Body and Action: The Emergence of Embodiment Approaches to Understanding Human Development

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512519834389 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 (3) ◽

pp. 410-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José Marmeleira ◽

Graça Duarte Santos

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

The Body ◽

Important Research ◽

Human Relations ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Close Relationship ◽

To Come ◽

The Mind ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Brain

It is becoming clear that to truly understand what it is to be human, focusing scientific efforts on the mind alone is insufficient. We are embodied minds, living and acting in a world full of meaningful things. In this article, we discuss how science has been informed by important research insights into the close relationship between the body, the mind, and the world. These interactions can be translated into embodied perspectives of human development. We provide evidence that perception, cognition, emotion, human relations, and behavior are grounded in our bodies from the beginning of our lives. From this perspective, the body cannot be assumed to be simply an effector for cognition or an instrument for collecting information for the brain. This comprehensive review and debate of embodied-related literature is accompanied by the identification of theoretical challenges and practical applications that will shape research for years to come.

Download Full-text

An unfinished dialogue with G. I. Taylor

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/s0022112075002248 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 625-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. K. Batchelor

Keyword(s):

Scientific Investigation ◽

Mechanics Of Solids ◽

Mechanics Of Fluids ◽

Cambridge University ◽

Natural Activity ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

To Come

Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor, O.M., F.R.S., who died on 27 June 1975 at the age of 89, was one of the great men of our subject. He was a likeable happy man with an uncomplicated character and a razor-sharp mind for which scientific investigation was a natural activity. He was engaged in research throughout the whole of his life – not only the ‘working'part of it – and the fruits of his enquiries are described in over 200 papers published between 1909 and 1974. Nearly all these papers have been republished by Cambridge University Press in the four volumes of G. I. Taylor: Scientific Papers, three of which are on the mechanics of fluids and one on the mechanics of solids. These four volumes are his legacy to us, and will be a store-house of information and a source of illumination for many years to come.

Download Full-text

Following the thread: Mytilus mussel byssus as an inspired multi-functional biomaterial

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/cjc-2021-0191 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Herbert Waite ◽

Matthew James Harrington

Keyword(s):

Historical Perspective ◽

Materials Science ◽

Great Depth ◽

Model System ◽

Scientific Investigation ◽

Self Healing ◽

Marine Mussels ◽

To Come ◽

Composition Structure ◽

Mussel Byssus

Over the last 15 years, the byssus of marine mussels (Mytilus spp.) has emerged as an important model system for the bio-inspired development and synthesis of advanced polymers and adhesives. But how did these seemingly inconsequential fibers that are routinely discarded in mussel hors d’oeuvres become the focus of intense international research. In the present review, we take a historical perspective to understand this phenomenon. Our purpose is not to review the sizeable literature of mussel-inspired materials as there are numerous excellent reviews that cover this topic in great depth. Instead, we explore how the byssus became a magnet for bio-inspired materials science, with a focus on the specific breakthroughs in the understanding of composition, structure, function and formation of the byssus achieved through fundamental scientific investigation. Extracted principles have led to bio-inspired design of novel materials with both biomedical and technical applications, including surgical adhesives, self-healing polymers, tunable hydrogels and even actuated composites. Continued study into the byssus of Mytilid mussels and other species will provide a rich source of inspiration for years to come.

Download Full-text

«Language Conquest»: Colonial Quechua Grammars as a Model of Cultural and Linguistic Acculturation

Journal of Siberian Federal University Humanities & Social Sciences ◽

10.17516/1997-1370-0771 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 927-938

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Religious Orientation ◽

Scientific Investigation ◽

Active Part ◽

Colonial Peru ◽

Current State ◽

Cultural Field ◽

Linguistic Categories ◽

To Come ◽

The Relationship

The article is devoted to the role and place of Quechua in colonial Peru, which is the most widely spoken native language in both American continents. A comparative analysis of a number of grammars and dictionaries (including records) written in the 16th‑17th centuries by the representatives of the clergy has become the basic method for recent scientific investigation. Those were the representatives of the clergy who took the most active part in the process of «language conquest» which led to Quechua integration into the intellectual field of Spanish culture and then consequently into the European one. The paper also presents the analysis of the current state of the issue study, which concludes that many points of the problem have not found the proper coverage in science yet. The sources are analyzed on the following points: the attitude of the authors of grammars to the Quechua language; the main goals of writing grammars; their structure and content’s peculiarities; the main cultural and linguistic categories used to describe and analyze the Quechua language in the period under review. The analysis made it possible to come to the following conclusions. Firstly, the attitude of the clergy towards Quechua can be described as ambivalent. Secondly, the main goals of writing can be interpreted as a practical one (mastering the language in order to Christianize the Indians more effectively) and as well as an ideological one (integrating Quechua into the Christian cultural field through its study), although both of them, of course, are interrelated. Thirdly, the analysis allowed us to distinguish the following cultural and linguistic categories that were applied to Quechua: eurocentrism, theoretical and religious orientation. Finally, the main conclusion drawn from the study is that the relationship existed between Spanish and Quechua can be characterized by the term «acculturation»

Download Full-text

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international ◽

10.1017/s0069005800006652 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 263-290

Author(s):

J. Anthony VanDuzer

Keyword(s):

Free Trade Agreement ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Minimum Standards ◽

The North ◽

State Behaviour ◽

Nafta Chapter 11 ◽

To Come ◽

The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Download Full-text

Scanning Electron Microscopy-cuticular Lesions on the Roundworm Ascaris Suum

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006756x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 114-115

Author(s):

P. A. Madden ◽

W. R. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Secondary Electron ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Silver Paint ◽

To Come ◽

Scanning Electron

The intestinal roundworm of swine is pinkish in color and about the diameter of a lead pencil. Adult worms, taken from parasitized swine, frequently were observed with macroscopic lesions on their cuticule. Those possessing such lesions were rinsed in distilled water, and cylindrical segments of the affected areas were removed. Some of the segments were fixed in buffered formalin before freeze-drying; others were freeze-dried immediately. Initially, specimens were quenched in liquid freon followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then placed in ampuoles in a freezer at −45C and sublimated by vacuum until dry. After the specimens appeared dry, the freezer was allowed to come to room temperature slowly while the vacuum was maintained. The dried specimens were attached to metal pegs with conductive silver paint and placed in a vacuum evaporator on a rotating tilting stage. They were then coated by evaporating an alloy of 20% palladium and 80% gold to a thickness of approximately 300 A°. The specimens were examined by secondary electron emmission in a scanning electron microscope.

Download Full-text

The microstructure change of low-carbon electrical steels by residual aluminum

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100153403 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 286-287

Author(s):

C.K. Hou ◽

C.T. Hu ◽

Sanboh Lee

Keyword(s):

Annealing Treatment ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Electrical Steels ◽

Vacuum Degassing ◽

Spherical Inclusions ◽

Residual Aluminum ◽

Average Grain Size ◽

The Matrix ◽

Fine Size ◽

To Come

The fully processed low-carbon electrical steels are generally fabricated through vacuum degassing to reduce the carbon level and to avoid the need for any further decarburization annealing treatment. This investigation was conducted on eighteen heats of such steels with aluminum content ranging from 0.001% to 0.011% which was believed to come from the addition of ferroalloys.The sizes of all the observed grains are less than 24 μm, and gradually decrease as the content of aluminum is increased from 0.001% to 0.007%. For steels with residual aluminum greater than 0. 007%, the average grain size becomes constant and is about 8.8 μm as shown in Fig. 1. When the aluminum is increased, the observed grains are changed from the uniformly coarse and equiaxial shape to the fine size in the region near surfaces and the elongated shape in the central region. SEM and EDAX analysis of large spherical inclusions in the matrix indicate that silicate is the majority compound when the aluminum propotion is less than 0.003%, then the content of aluminum in compound inclusion increases with that in steel.

Download Full-text