Altering the competitiveness of tame oat (Avena sativa L.) versus wild oat (Avena fatua L.) with phosphorus and seeding rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-590
Author(s):  
W.E. May
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Plot Design

Currently, no in-crop herbicide is registered to control wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.). Wild oat must be controlled in tame oat using other agronomic practices. The objective of this research was to determine if side-banded phosphorus (P) in combination with seeding rate would increase the competitiveness of tame oat with wild oat, increasing yield and quality. An experiment was conducted from 2003–2005 at Indian Head, SK. The experimental design was a strip-plot design with four replications. The strips were low and high wild oat density. A two-way factorial, seeding rate (150, 250, 350, and 450 plants m−2), and P rate (0, 15, and 30 kg P2O5 ha−1) were seeded across the strips. Phosphorus affected seed density, grain yield, oat biomass, and wild oat fecundity. Seeding rate affected most of the measured variables and interacted with wild oat and year. The application of P increased the competiveness of oat by increasing crop biomass by 7.6% and grain yield by 3.4% and decreasing wild oat seed from 1.26% to 0.76% in the harvested grain. Wild oat decreased grain yield by 23% in 2003, 4.4% in 2004, and 11% in 2005. Increasing the seeding rate increased grain yield by 5% when wild oat was present. Wild oat did not interfere with the uptake of side-banded P. Producers need to use both P fertilization and higher seeding rates to improve the competitiveness of tame oat and the management of wild oat in tame oat.

Management of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) with early seeding dates and high seeding rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E May ◽  
S J Shirtliffe ◽  
D W McAndrew ◽  
C B Holzapfel ◽  
G P Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Density Treatment

Traditionally, farmers have delayed seeding to manage wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) crops, but this practice can adversely affect grain yield and quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of using high seeding rates with early-seeded oat to maintain grain yield and quality, and (2) to determine an optimum seeding rate to manage wild oat and maximize grain yield and quality. The factors of interest were wild oat density (low and high density), seeding date (early May, mid May, early June and mid June), and tame oat seeding rate (150, 250, 350 and 450 viable seeds m-2). The study was conducted at Indian Head and Saskatoon, SK, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, at Winnipeg, MB, in 2002, and at Morden, MB, in 2003 and 2004. Wild oat biomass, wild oat panicle density and wild oat seed in the harvested sample decreased as seeding rate increased, while tame oat biomass and grain yield increased. Wild oat density ranged between 0 and 100 plants m-2 with averages of 10 plants m-2 in the low density treatment and 27 plants m-2 in the high density treatment. At low seeding rates, grain yield decreased with increasing wild oat density. The difference in grain yield between the two wild oat densities decreased as the seeding rate increased. There was a curvilinear decrease in grain yield as seeding was delayed. A seeding date × seeding rate interaction was noted for test weight, plump seed, thin seed and groat yield. Seed quality improved as seeding rate increased for only the mid-June seeding date. Even though the mid-June test weight increased as the seeding rate increased it was always lower than the early May test weight at any seeding rate. The results from this study established that in the presence of wild oats, early seeding of tame oat is possible providing high seeding rates, 350 plants m-2 are used.Key words: Wild oat competition, wild oat density, wild oat biomass, grain yield, grain quality

Integrated Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Management Affects Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Yield and Economics

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Barton ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Bahman Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Net Return

The effect of barley seeding rate and row spacing, and triallate, diclofop, and difenzoquat herbicide rate on barley grain yield and quality, and wild oat control were evaluated in field experiments near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, in 1989 and 1990. The purpose of the study was to develop integrated control strategies for wild oat in spring barley. Barley row spacing (9 and 18 cm) did not affect barley grain yield. Barley grain yield was greatest when barley was seeded at 134 or 201 kg ha–1compared to 67 kg ha–1. Wild oat control increased as wild oat herbicide rate increased and barley grain yield was greatest when wild oat herbicides were applied. However, barley grain yield was similar when wild oat biomass was reduced by either 65 or 85% by applications of half and full herbicide rates, respectively. Net return was greatest when the half rate of herbicide was applied to 100 wild oat plants per m2and was greatest when half or full herbicide rates were applied to 290 wild oat plants per m2. Net return increased when the seeding rate was increased to 134 or 201 kg ha–1when no herbicide was applied and when 290 wild oat plants per m2were present.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) with Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Beverly R. Durgan ◽  
Douglas W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Rates and application timings of postemergence herbicides for wild oat control in spring wheat and barley were evaluated at Crookston, MN, from 1994 to 1996. Diclofop, imazamethabenz, and fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron were applied to one- to three-leaf wild oat; and difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron, and fenoxaprop plus 2,4-D plus MCPA were applied to four- to five-leaf wild oat at 1/2 ×, 3/4 ×, and 1 × rates. Wild oat response to herbicide rate and timing was similar in wheat and barley. Wild oat control with 1/2 × rates generally was less than that with 3/4 × rates, which was lower than or similar to that with 1 × rates. Wild oat biomass was often reduced less with 1/2 × rates than 1 × rates. However, reducing herbicide rates generally did not influence grain yields or net economic return. Grain yields and net economic return were generally greater in herbicide-treated plots than in the nontreated control.

Lentil (Lens culinaris) Yield as Influenced by Duration of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
Larry A. Morrow ◽  
Ralph E. Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Time Periods

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) interference in lentils (Lens culinaris Medik). An infestation of 32 and 65 wild oats/m2 maintained up to 5 weeks in the field did not reduce lentil grain yield. However, 32 wild oats/m2 reduced yields 32% when allowed to remain for 7 weeks and 49% if they remained until harvest time (11 weeks). Sixty-five wild oats/m2 reduced grain yield 42 and 61% for the same time periods, respectively. In the growth chamber, 69 wild oats/m2 reduced lentil plant dry weight 29% if allowed to remain for 3 weeks, 61% for 5 weeks, and 72% for 7 weeks (harvest time). The field data suggest that wild oat control measures may be delayed for several weeks after lentil emergence without reducing crop yield.

Control of wild oat in the year of smooth bromegrass establishment and its effect on the yield and quality of subsequent seed crops

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Darwent ◽  
J. R. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl

Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control from three graminicides, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and tralkoxydim, in seedling stands of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) seeded alone or with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in 1991, 1992 and 1993 at Beaverlodge, Alberta. Seed yield and quality were measured for 2 yr after each year of establishment. In the year of establishment, clodinafop-propargyl at 60 g ha–1 consistently provided ≥80% visual control of wild oat growing in smooth bromegrass seeded with wheat, while the mean probability of similar applications of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl at 92 g ha−1 and tralkoxydim at 250 g ha−1 to provide ≥80% visual control of wild oat, averaged over the years of establishment, was 0.91 and 0.92, respectively. Without the wheat companion crop, the mean probability of clodinafop-propargyl to provide ≥80% visual control of wild oat, averaged over establishment years, remained above 0.90, but that for fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and tralkoxydim was reduced to 0.36 and 0.50, respectively. The efficacy of the three graminicides to control wild oat was reduced by tank mixing with bromoxynil plus MCPA, thifensulfuron methyl plus MCPA, or MCPA alone. Establishment with wheat had a major detrimental impact on smooth bromegrass seed yields harvested 1 and 2 yr after each establishment year. Smooth bromegrass seed yields harvested 1 yr following the year of establishment were three times greater where smooth bromegrass was seeded alone as compared with being seeded with wheat. Seed yields harvested 2 yr after the year of establishment followed a similar trend, but the differences were smaller. Herbicide treatments had no effect on either first or second smooth bromegrass seed yields. Wild oat dockage was present only in the first smooth bromegrass seed crop and was approximately three times greater following establishment with wheat than following establishment alone. Percent wild oat dockage was less from plots where herbicides had been applied than from weedy check plots. Differences in percent dockage occurred among herbicide treatments but were small. Key words: Smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis, wild oat, Avena fatua, graminicides, tank mixtures

Temperature Effect of Phytotoxicity of Soil-Applied Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. G. Mulder ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Acid Toxicity

Experiments were conducted in controlled environmental chambers to determine the influence of temperature on the phytotoxicity of seven soil-applied herbicides. Diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} soil incorporated or surface applied, was more toxic to wild oat(Avena fatuaL.) shoots at 10 and 17 C than at 24 C. Efficacy of diclofop was enhanced with soil incorporation. Diclofop toxicity to wild oat roots was not influenced by a change in temperature. EPTC(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) stimulated sugarbeet(Beta vulgarisL. ‘American Crystal Hybrid B’) shoot dry weight production at 10 C and caused dry weight reduction at 24 C. Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] toxicity to barley(Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Larker’) and alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] toxicity to oats(Avena sativaL. ‘Chief’) increased with increased temperature from 10 to 17 C. Temperatures within the range of 10 to 24 C did not affect trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) toxicity to barley or BAY-5653 [N-(2-benzothiazolyl)-N-methylurea] or chloamben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) toxicity to oats.

Influence of tillage, vertical seed distribution, and pyroxasulfone application timing and rate on control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Mangin ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Oat Biomass

Tillage and new herbicide options may be necessary for the control of herbicide-resistant wild oat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides such as pyroxasulfone can be influenced by edaphic factors and weed seed recruitment depth, which varies with tillage system. We investigated the effect of tillage and pyroxasulfone rate when applied in the fall and spring on wild oat biomass at three locations in Alberta in 2014–2015. The vertical position of wild oat seeds, with and without tillage, was examined at each site. Wild oat biomass was greater in untilled plots compared with plots with fall tillage at all locations. In two out of three locations, pyroxasulfone efficacy was superior when applied in the fall compared with spring, possibly influenced by low spring rainfall. A single tillage pass at the Edmonton and Kinsella locations did not affect wild oat seed distribution, but there was an increase in seeds present in the surface layer in the untilled treatment at Lacombe. Tillage, used in combination with soil-applied herbicides, may be an option to achieve acceptable control of herbicide-resistant wild oat.

scholarly journals Evaluation of crop arrangement and phosphorus rate on performance of maize-common bean intercropping in western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Peter A. Opala ◽  
Dorcus O. Ofuyo ◽  
George D. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
P Application ◽  
Plot Design

The effect of phosphorus (P) rate and crop arrangement on the performance of component crops in maize-bean intercropping systems was investigated at two sites; Malanga and Bugeng’i in western Kenya. A split plot design with five crop arrangements in the main plots i.e., one row of maize alternating with one row of beans (conventional), maize and beans planted in the same hole, two rows of maize alternating with two of beans (Mbili), sole maize and sole beans, in a factorial combination with three P rates; 0, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 in the subplots, was used. Bean yields were low (< 1 t ha-1) but they increased with increasing P rate at both sites. Response of maize to P fertilizer was however poor at Malanga mainly due to Striga weed infestation. Yields of beans did not significantly differ among crop arrangements at both sites. At Bungeng’i, there was a significant interaction between P rate and crop arrangement. At this site, the maize yield in the conventional arrangement increased with increasing P rate but for the Mbili arrangement, the grain yield from application of 30 kg P ha-1 was significantly higher than that at 0 kg P ha-1 and similar to that 60 kg P ha-1. Therefore, it is not beneficial to fertilize beyond 30 kg P ha-1 at this site with the Mbili arrangement. Intercropping was beneficial in all crop arrangements (Land equivalent ratio >1) and can therefore be practiced, except for maize and beans planted in the same hole with no P application at Bugeng’i.

scholarly journals Uni- and multivariate methods applied to the study of the adaptability and stability of white oat

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vianei Rother ◽  
Cezar Augusto Verdi ◽  
Liamara Bahr Thurow ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Victoria Freitas de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Yield And Quality

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare uni- and multivariate biometric methods to evaluate the adaptability and stability of an important group of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars grown in Southern Brazil. The used experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a factorial arrangement of 12 environments x 7 cultivars, with three replicates. The analysis of variance and the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Annicchiarico, and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of predicted genetic values (MHPRVG) were assessed. In the general comparison of the methods, the 'UPFA Gaudéria' and 'URS Guapa' genotypes were more stable regarding grain yield. The 'UPFA Gaudéria' and 'URS-21' genotypes stood out for hectoliter weight, presenting the best performances by the methods of Annicchiarico and the MHPRVG. For thousand-grain weight, all methods showed similar results, indicating that the 'UPFA Gaudéria' genotype presented the best results. The 'URS Guapa' genotype was superior when using the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Annicchiarico, and the MHPRVG. The uni- and multivariate methods evaluated are suitable to estimate with high confidence the adaptability and stability of cultivars for each targeted grain production, yield, and quality.

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