Effects of clipping frequency on tiller development of crested wheatgrass and hybrid bromegrass at vegetative and reproductive stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Ru-Yue ◽  
David R. MacTaggart ◽  
Hu Wang ◽  
Ravindra N. Chibbar ◽  
Qing Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Bud Size

Information on the tiller development of hybrid bromegrass (Bromus inermis × Bromus riparius Rehm) is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of clipping frequency at the vegetative and reproductive stages on the tiller development and concentrations of sugars of ‘AC Knowles’ hybrid bromegrass compared to ‘Kirk’ crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.). This experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using the tillers of the vernalized plants dug from the field. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Grasses were clipped once or four times at either vegetative or reproductive stage. Regardless of the growth stage, four clippings reduced the tiller number of hybrid bromegrass by 25.9% compared to the undefoliated control while single clipping had no impact. The four clipping had no impact on the tiller number of crested wheatgrass, while single clipping increased its tiller number on average by 50.4% at both growth stages. Crested wheatgrass produced 16.6% more tillers than hybrid bromegrass under the single clipping. The two grass species had a similar number of axillary buds under different clipping treatments. The axillary bud size of crested wheatgrass was larger than hybrid bromegrass. All axillary buds were viable under the two clipping treatments for both grasses. Four clippings significantly decreased the stem base glucose concentration of the two grasses and the root sucrose concentration of crested wheatgrass. Hybrid bromegrass was less tolerant to frequent clippings than crested wheatgrass. Therefore, intensive grazing of hybrid bromegrass pasture may result in a thin stand.

scholarly journals Influence of Establishment Methods on Yield and Yield Parameters of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn) in Ward 24, Zaka District

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p47
Author(s):  
Nyasha Sakadzo ◽  
Gift Bvekwa ◽  
Kasirayi Makaza
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Finger millet is a climate compliant crop; its production remains low due to poor establishment methods. A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2018/19 at Dorcas Charare plot in ward 24, Zaka district to investigate the effects of establishment methods on yield and yield parameters of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments namely broadcasting, hand drilling and transplanting replicated three times. Results on grain yield showed that transplanting method had the highest yield of 0.51t/ha whilst drilling and broadcasting scored 0.40t/ha and 0.35t/ha respectively. Transplanting method significantly (p<0.05) influenced higher number of tillers (7.13) per hill followed by drilling (2.40) and lastly broadcasting (2.13). Significant differences (p<0.05) were noted on panicle number with transplanting scoring the highest (8.13) and broadcasting the lowest (3.13). It can be concluded from the study that transplanting method realized a higher panicle number, tiller number and grain yield. Farmers must adopt transplanting as an establishment method in finger millet production.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COLD TREATMENT, CO2 LEVEL, AND TEMPERATURE ON VEGETABLE TRANSPLANT QUALITY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 641f-641
Author(s):  
Wenwei Jia ◽  
L.A. Weston ◽  
J. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Mature Flower ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Temperature Levels

Tomato and pepper seedlings were grown in six controlled environmental chambers with three different temperature levels (high:24/16°C, medium:20/12°C, and low:16/8°C) and two CO2 levels (1500 ppm and ambient) after cotyledons had unfolded. After 4 weeks, seedlings were planted into 15 cm pots. After 4 weeks, another set were transplanted to the field on 5/13 and arranged with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Only temperature treatment had a significant influence on the number of flowers developed in greenhouse experiments. However, for field transplanted seedlings, CO2 enrichment had a significant effect on flower formation and increased total flower numbers and fruit numbers in the early growth stages in field. Temperature also influenced seedling height. In other experiments, cold treatments were given to tomato and pepper seedlings. Seedlings were treated with 13°C temperatures for 0, 1 or 2 weeks after cotyledons unfolded. Results indicate that tomato seedlings with either 1 or 2 weeks of cold treatment had greater dry weight and leaf numbers and larger and more mature flower buds than those given no cold treatment. Pepper seedlings receiving 2 weeks of cold treatment showed similar increases compared to those receiving 0 or 1 weeks of cold treatment. The earliest flower initials were observed microscopically when tomato had only one visible leaf and pepper had 8 or 9 visible leaves. These results indicate that cold treatments should be started as soon as the cotyledons have unfolded to hasten flower formation.

scholarly journals Subdoses of Dicamba Herbicide on Yield Componentes in Function of the Soybean Growth Stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
T. Schneider ◽  
M. A. Rizzardi ◽  
A. P. Rockenbach ◽  
S. T. Peruzzo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Soybean cultivars without tolerance can suffer injury from exposure to tank herbicide residues. This study aimed at assessing the potential effects of the broad spectrum herbicide dicamba on sensitive soybean during its vegetative and reproductive stages. The trial was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Six rates (1.4, 2.8, 5.6, 11.2, 16.8 and 28.0 g ae ha-1) of dicamba were applied at two soybean growth stages (V3 and R2). The soybeans were planted in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul state in 2015/16 agricultural year. The dicamba induced symptoms of soybean phytotoxicity showed a steady rise at all the assessment times. The soybean decreased in height as the subdose of the herbicide increased. Dicamba was observed to negatively affect the number of nodes alone, during the V3 and R2 stages. The grain yield was adversely affected at the 28.0 g ae ha-1 subdose, in the V3 application stage, and in response to the 16.8 and 28.0 g ae ha-1 subdoses in the R2 stage.

scholarly journals Tomato yield and potassium concentrations in soil and in plant petioles as affected by potassium fertirrigation

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO CEZAR REZENDE FONTES ◽  
REGYNALDO ARRUDA SAMPAIO ◽  
EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Santa Clara was grown on a silt clay soil with 46 mg dm-3 Mehlich 1 extractable K, to evaluate the effects of trickle-applied K rates on fruit yield and to establish K critical concentrations in soil and in plant petioles. Six potassium rates (0, 48, 119, 189, 259 and 400 kg ha-1 K) were applied in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Soil and plant K critical levels were determined at two plant growth stages (at the beginning of the second and fourth cluster flowering). Total, marketable and weighted yields increased with K rates, reaching their maximum of 86.4, 73.4, and 54.9 ton ha-1 at 198, 194, and 125 kg ha-1 K , respectively. At the first soil sampling date K critical concentrations in the soil associated with K rates for maximum marketable and weighted yields were 92 and 68 mg dm-3, respectively. Potassium critical concentrations in the dry matter of the petioles sampled by the beginning of the second and fourth cluster flowering time, associated with maximum weighted yield, were 10.30 and 7.30 dag kg-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Contribution of roots and shoots of Brachiaria species to soybean performance in succession

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Julio Cezar Franchini Dos Santos ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
Anderson Hideo Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Root Effects ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of roots and straw of palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and Ruzi grass (U. ruziziensis), used as cover crops in autumn-winter, on soybean performance. Seven treatments were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates: fallow, during autumn-winter; straw of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha 'BRS Piatã', distributed in plots kept under fallow in the winter, without roots; plots only with roots of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha, without straw; and plots with straw and roots of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha. The grass species were planted during the 2014/2015 crop season, and treatments were evaluated at the end of the 2015/2016 crop season, without drought during the soybean cycle. The oil and protein contents of soybean grains were not affected significantly by the treatments. However, the cultivation of grass species during autumn-winter increased soybean grain yield in comparison with fallow. Grass root effects are more expressive than those of straw. The combined presence of roots and straw confers a better performance to soybean than the isolated presence of roots or straw.

scholarly journals Tolerance of DAS-444ø6-6 and DAS-444ø6-6 x DAS-81419-2 Soybeans to 2,4-D and Glyphosate in the Cerrado Region of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KALSING ◽  
F.R. LUCIO ◽  
C.V.S. ROSSI ◽  
P.E. RAMPAZZO ◽  
F.P. GONÇALVES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Ammonium Glufosinate ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT: The DAS-444Ø6-6 soybean expresses AAD-12, 2mEPSPS and PAT enzymes to provide, respectively, tolerance to 2,4-D, glyphosate and ammonium glufosinate. This event is also associated with DAS-81419-2 expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins to provide protection against a broad spectrum of soybean lepidopteran insect species. Successful adoption by growers of these technologies relies on the traits performing in the diverse environments of Brazil, especially under adverse weather conditions. The objective of this study was to characterize the tolerance of DAS 444Ø6-6 and DAS-444Ø6-6 x DAS-81419-2 soybeans to 2,4-D and glyphosate in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Eight trials across four sites were conducted in the 2015/2016 summer rainy season using a randomized complete block design, with a factorial arrangement of treatments. Factor A was 2,4-D choline salt (456 g a.e. L-1) + glyphosate DMA salt (480 g a.e. L-1) at 975 + 1,025 and 1,950 + 2,050 g a.e. ha-1, respectively and ready-mix of (2,4-D choline salt 195 g a.e. L-1 + glyphosate DMA salt 205 g a.e. L-1) at 2,000 (975 + 1,025) and 4,000 (1,950 + 2,050) g a.e. ha-1. Factor B was application timing at V3, V6 and R2 soybean growth stages. No visible symptoms of leaf chlorosis, epinasty, or growth inhibition were observed. Slight leaf droop was observed at 1 day after treatment (DAT), but it was null at 7 DAT. Less than 6% and 13% of leaf necrosis or injury were observed at 7 DAT, respectively, at 975 + 1,025 and 1,950 + 2,050 g a.e. ha-1 of 2,4-D choline salt + glyphosate DMA salt, regardless of applied as a ready-mix or not, but it was always 2% or less at 28 DAT. Crop grain yield was not influenced by herbicide treatments, application timing and their interaction, regardless of the soybean event and experimental site. DAS-444Ø6-6 and DAS-444Ø6-6 x DAS-81419-2 soybeans showed high tolerance to 2,4-D choline salt and glyphosate DMA in the Cerrado region of Brazil.

scholarly journals Sulu Şartlar İçin Geliştirilen Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşitlerine Optik Sensor ile Azotlu Gübre Tavsiyesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1882-1891
Author(s):  
Erdinc Savasli
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

This study was conducted at Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute in Eskisehir, in 2017-2019 growing seasons. In the study, responses of four winter wheat cultivars (Atay85, Hat 31, Yunus and Nacibey) to nitrogen fertilization under irrigation conditions were compared with vegetation indices based on spectral reflection and In- Season Estimates of Yield calculated from these indices. GreenSeekerTM (NTech Industries, Inc., Ukiah,CA) hand-held sensor was used for this purpose. The experimental layout were used 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 kg N/da nitrogen rates 2 factor factorial in randomized complete block design in the experiment. Vegetation indices (NDVI) were obtained at growth stages Zadoks2,4, Zadoks3,0, Zadoks3,1 and Zadoks3,2. Zadoks3,0 (stem elongation) was found to be the most realistic reading time. A comparison of the system with traditional farmer applications, based on the average of 3 experiment fields, the new system was shown to give similar yields with 2,8 kg/da less N in the spring (ZD3,0), showing its economically promising value. The sensor application is determined to be 2% more economically effective than farmer application. Economic nitrogen dose respectively Atay85, Hat 31, Yunus and Nacibey was determined as the nitrogen dose 12,6 kgN/da, 14,1 kgN/ da, 14,4 kg N/da and 17,9 kgN/da.

scholarly journals Screening of Sesbania accessions based on early biomass yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Sontosh C Chanda ◽  
AKM Azad Ud Doula ◽  
AKM Golam Sarwa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Boro Rice ◽  
Organic Matter Addition

Soft, succulent and readily decomposable Sesbania biomass is one of the best sources of organic matter and nitrogen for improvement of poor, nutrient deficit soils. To select high biomass yielding Sesbania accession(s), an experiment was conducted at Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds of 105 accessions from 3 Sesbania species—S. sesban, S. bispinosa and S. cannabina, were sown in the field @ 60 kg/ha on 23 April 2016. The unit plot size was 3 × 2 m2 with a spacing of 50 cm (row-row) × 15 cm (plant-plant). Data on different yield descriptors were recorded at every 10 day intervals up to 60 days after sowing (DAS). Sesbania sesban produced higher biomass yield at the early growth stages (up to 20 DAS), however, S. bispinosa produced higher biomass at the later stages followed by S. cannabina and S. sesban. Therefore, S. sesban can be grown in a very short rotation [Boro rice-(dhaincha)-Jute-T. Aman rice-Mustard and/or Boro rice-(dhaincha)-T. Aus rice-T. Aman rice-Mustard]; and S. bispinosa for a longer period [Boro rice-(dhaincha)-T. Aman rice-Mustard] to maximize organic matter addition to the soil. Ten accessions of S. bispinosa performed better and produced biomass above 30 g/plant (c. 80 t/ha) within 60 DAS. These accessions could be selected for further study for their decomposability, organic matter accumulation, N2-fixing ability and may be processed to release as recommended cultivar(s).J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 188-192, December 2017

Forage yield of simple and complex grass–legume mixtures under two management strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Foster ◽  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
F. R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Bromus Riparius

Foster, A., Vera, C. L., Malhi, S. S. and Clarke, F. R. 2014. Forage yield of simple and complex grass–legume mixtures under two management strategies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 41–50. Limited information is available on the dry matter production, protein content and species composition of complex mixtures of introduced perennial forage crop species for hay and pasture in the moister regions of Saskatchewan. A field experiment was sown on 2008 May 27 at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, on a thick Black Chernozem (Udic Boroll) silty clay soil, to compare the effects on dry matter yield (DMY), protein content and species composition of perennial forage crop monocultures and mixtures, under a two-cut and a three-cut management system, in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. Eleven treatments consisted of monocultures of hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.×Bromus inermis Leyss.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn], intermediate wheatgrass [Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv.] and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.); simple mixtures of each of these individual grass species with alfalfa; a more complex mixture of all these grass species and alfalfa, and a very complex mixture consisting of the complex mixture plus meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) Wimm.], timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and slender wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners]. The alfalfa was inoculated with rhizobium, and no fertilizer was added to any treatment during the course of the study. The two-cut system yielded higher than the three-cut system in all years. In 2009, the first cutting year, all treatments, especially under the two-cut system, produced similar forage DMY, with monoculture grasses yielding as much as that of their mixture with alfalfa. In 2010, 2011 and 2012, however, monoculture alfalfa and grass–alfalfa treatments had higher DMY than the monoculture grasses. Monoculture alfalfa also showed superior DMY than most grass–alfalfa mixtures, especially during the last 2 yr of the study. In conclusion, the inclusion of alfalfa in forage mixtures, grown in unfertilized soil, significantly increased forage yield, especially after the first production year, and these grass–alfalfa mixtures yielded almost as much as monoculture alfalfa. Also, the inclusion of alfalfa significantly increased the forage protein content over the grass alone treatments. Hybrid bromegrass, grown alone or in mixture with alfalfa, yielded similar to the other grasses tested, while crested wheatgrass did not compete as well as other main grasses, grown alone or in mixture with alfalfa. In this study, the use of complex or very complex mixtures of introduced grasses with alfalfa did not increase DMY over the simple grass–alfalfa mixtures.

Investigation of growth analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under drought stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Azimi ◽  
Nasroallah Moradi Kor ◽  
Madeh Ahmadi ◽  
Morad Shaaban ◽  
Zahra Rahmati Motlagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Irrigation Condition ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Short Time

A field experiment performed in order to evaluate the effects of drought stress on growth indices of chickpea cultivars. This experiment was performed in factorial using randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were drought stress treatment in in three levels consisting of no drought stress (control), moderate drought stress (irrigation at planting and early flowering) and severe drought stress (no irrigation) and cultivar treatment (three cultivars Azad, Grit and ILC482). Results showed that LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR reduced with increased in drought stress level. Also, LAR decreased after short time increasing. Non stress condition caused to improve growth stages and increase accumulation of dry matter and yield in chickpea. Maximum LAI, LAR and CGR obtaind at 56 days after sowing under non irrigation condition, but under complete irrigation they were observed at 77 days after sowing. RGR and NAR reduced with increasing the age of the plant. Thus we concluded that drought stress decreased growth of chickpea and final yield of it.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12705

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