MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF APPALACHIAN UPLAND PODSOL SOILS: I. EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS

1935 ◽  
Vol 13c (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray ◽  
H. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Field Plots

A study has been made of the effects of fertilizers and limestone, of fallowing, and of deep ploughing, upon certain aspects of microbial activity in representative Appalachian podsol soils at three farms in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec Province. The results show that the evolution of carbon dioxide and numbers of bacteria and actinomyces were not altered by any simple fertilizer applied annually for two years. Limestone, at the rate of six tons per acre, increased the numbers of micro-organisms during the two years of the experiment. Deep ploughing reduced both carbon dioxide and bacterial numbers in soils ordinarily ploughed to a normal depth.Studies have also been made to determine the effects of some other chemical treatments upon the soil microflora. Carbon dioxide, bacterial numbers and nitrification of soil nitrogen were increased in field plots after treatment with calcium oxide, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, alone or in combination; the effects lasted through two seasons.

MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF APPALACHIAN PODSOL SOILS: II. SEASONAL CHANGES IN MICROBIAL ACTIVITY

1935 ◽  
Vol 13c (6) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray ◽  
H. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Different Levels

Seasonal fluctuations in numbers of micro-organisms in soil, estimated by the plate method for bacteria and actinomyces and by the evolution of carbon dioxide, have been studied with samples of cultivated podsol soils, drawn from experimental fields under various treatments at three farms in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec, at intervals of six weeks during the cropping season in two years. The nature of the fluctuations in numbers of micro-organisms was similar in the three soils, which were situated many miles apart. In 1931 numbers were lower in summer than in spring and autumn; in 1932 numbers fell towards the end of the season. The evolution of carbon dioxide fluctuated to a comparatively less extent than the bacterial numbers, but there was general agreement in the direction of the changes in the two years. Biological activities in any one soil were at significantly different levels in the two years. There was an agreement between numbers of micro-organisms and the amount of carbon dioxide, in that changes in both of these factors were in the same direction in the second year of sampling; there was also evidence of agreement between intra-annual changes in numbers and carbon dioxide, especially in the alkali-treated plots. Fluctuations in numbers and carbon dioxide in samples from plots in different parts of the same field or farm were in conformity, and were superimposed on the effects of chemical treatments that caused significant increases in microbial activity.

scholarly journals Puparia Cleaning Techniques for Forensic and Archaeo-Funerary Studies

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Jennifer Pradelli ◽  
Fabiola Tuccia ◽  
Giorgia Giordani ◽  
Stefano Vanin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Wrong Identification ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Diptera puparia may represent both in forensic and archaeo-funerary contexts the majority of the entomological evidence useful to reconstruct the peri and post-mortem events. Puparia identification is quite difficult due to the lack of identification keys and descriptions. In addition, external substances accumulated during the puparia permanence in the environment make the visualization of the few diagnostic characters difficult, resulting in a wrong identification. Six different techniques based on physical and chemical treatments have been tested for the removal of external substances from puparia to make identification at species level feasible. Furthermore, the effects of these methods on successful molecular analyses have also been tested as molecular identification is becoming an important tool to complement morphological identifications. The results of this study indicate that cleaning via warm water/soap, the sonication and treatment with a sodium hydroxide solution are the best methods to achieve a good quality of the samples.

scholarly journals Effects of heavy metal concentrations on biological activity of soil micro-organisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Šmejkalová ◽  
O. Mikanová ◽  
L. Borůvka
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Micro Organisms

The distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc in exchangeable, organic, and 2M HNO3-extractable fractions as well as the effect of heavy metal concentrations on soil microflora was investigated. Six sampling transects were chosen in theLitavkaRiveralluvium in 1999–2001. Concentrations of all metals increased with decreasing distance from the source of contamination. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in exchangeable fraction were higher than in organically bound fraction, a reverse trend was found in Pb speciation. All measured parameters of soil microbial activity were affected by heavy metal concentrations. The decrease in CFU was most significant in the case of oligotrophic bacteria and spore-forming bacteria. Significant inhibition of C-biomass occurred in soils highly contaminated by heavy metals. The Cbiomass:Cox ratio decreased with increasing soil pollution. Generally, the values of enzymatic activities were highest in the soil above the source of contamination and they were decreased as approaching the source of contamination. Our results demonstrate that several parameters of microbial activity could be used as good indicators of increasing concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil.

Effects of physical and chemical treatments upon biophysical properties and micro-relief of human skin

2008 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Atrux-Tallau ◽  
Ngoc T. T. Huynh ◽  
Laurie Gardette ◽  
Cyril Pailler-Mattéi ◽  
Hassan Zahouani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A Study of the Physical and Chemical Processes Active in Ozone Generation by Carbon Dioxide Fed Corona Discharges

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Skalny ◽  
S. Matejcik ◽  
J. Orszagh ◽  
R. Vladoiu ◽  
N.J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Corona Discharges ◽  
Ozone Generation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

INSTRUMENTAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ACID VALUES  OF RAPESEED LECITHINS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.П. Викторова ◽  
О.С. Агафонов ◽  
Е.В. Лисовая ◽  
М.Р. Жане ◽  
Т.А. Шахрай ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nmr Signals

Разработан метод определения одного из основных физикохимических показателей качества жидких рапсовых лецитинов (РЛ) кислотного числа (КЧ) с применением ядерномагнитной релаксации (ЯМР). В качестве объекта исследований были образцы жидких РЛ с значениями КЧ 19,3 27,8 и 36,5 мг КОН/г, которые использовали для определения оптимального соотношения массовых долей в системе РЛ водный раствор гидроксида натрия концентрацией 1,0 моль/дм3, обеспечивающего полную нейтрализацию свободных жирных кислот и фосфолипидов, проявляющих кислотные свойства. Установлено, что для достижения стабильных результатов измерений аналитического параметра амплитуды сигналов ЯМР протонов мыла, количественно характеризующего содержание свободных жирных кислот и фосфолипидов, необходимыми условиями подготовки пробы жидкого РЛ являются: соотношение массовых долей системы РЛ четыреххлористый углерод 1 : 4 соответственно, системы РЛ раствор гидроксида натрия 1 : 1 соответственно продолжительность перемешивания системы РЛ четыреххлористый углерод раствор гидроксида натрия 2 мин. Выявлена линейная зависимость между КЧ жидких РЛ и амплитудой сигналов ЯМР протонов мыла Ам: КЧ 2,226 0,900Ам. A method for determining one of the main physical and chemical indicators of the quality of liquid rapeseed lecithins (RL) acid number using nuclear magnetic relaxation (NMR) was developed. Samples of the liquid RL with values of acid number 19,3 27,8 and 36,5 mg KOH/g has been the object of research. Samples of liquid RL were used to determine the optimal ratio of mass fractions in the system of RL aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide concentration of 1,0 mol/dm3, providing complete neutralization of free fatty acids and phospholipids exhibiting acidic properties. It was found that to achieve stable results of measurements of the analytical parameter the amplitude of the NMR signals of soap protons, quantitatively characterizing the content of free fatty acids and phospholipids, the preparation of liquid RL samples is necessary: the ratio of the mass fractions of the RL carbon tetrachloride system as 1 : 4, respectively, the RL sodium hydroxide system as 1 : 1, respectively the mixing time of the RL carbon tetrachloride system is 2 min. A linear relationship between acid number fluid RL and the amplitude of the NMR signals of protons of soap As detected: Acid number 2,226 0,900 As

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