scholarly journals Efficacy of a new N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide formulation in reducing ammonia volatilization from urea-based fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Lasisi ◽  
Olalekan O. Akinremi ◽  
Darshani Kumaragamage
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

N-(n-Butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) has been reported to reduce ammonia volatilization from surface-applied urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). A new NBPT formulation (ARM U™, 18% NBPT) that contains a polymer allowing for lower application rate of NBPT was evaluated for its efficacy relative to Agrotain® (30% NBPT) and Arborite® (24% NBPT). Trials consisted of (i) a greenhouse study that compared two rates of ARM U-treated urea (360 and 540 mg NBPT kg−1 urea) with Arborite- or Agrotain-treated urea (480 and 600 mg NBPT kg−1 urea, respectively) and (ii) a field study that compared urea and UAN treated with either ARM U (360 mg NBPT kg−1 urea) or Agrotain (600 mg NBPT kg−1 urea) at two sites. Static chambers fitted with acid-charged discs were used to measure ammonia volatilization at six or seven dates over 28 d. In the greenhouse study, ammonia volatilization was reduced by 96% with either ARM U or Agrotain and 95% with Arborite. In the field study, ARM U and Agrotain reduced ammonia volatilization from urea by 80% and 66%, respectively, across sites. Similarly, ammonia volatilization from UAN was reduced by 46% and 60% with ARM U and Agrotain, respectively. Despite the lower NBPT application rates with ARM U, ammonia reduction by ARM U, Agrotain, and Arborite was not significantly different. The addition of ARM U to urea and UAN enabled lower application rate of NBPT without compromising its efficacy.

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) Response to Triflusulfuron and Desmedipham Plus Phenmedipham

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Starke ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Velvetleaf control and sugarbeet response to POST triflusulfuron applied alone and in combination with desmedipham plus phenmedipham, nonionic surfactant, and urea ammonium nitrate (50:50) were evaluated in the greenhouse (velvetleaf only) and field. In a second field study, the effect of POST applications of triflusulfuron, desmedipham plus phenmedipham, ethofumesate, endothall, or combinations of these herbicides on sugarbeet root yield and quality was determined in the absence of weeds. Triflusulfuron controlled velvetleaf only when nonionic surfactant (NIS) was added to the spray solution. Desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus triflusulfuron gave greater velvetleaf control than triflusulfuron in the absence of NIS in the field. However, adding desmedipham plus phenmedipham to triflusulfuron plus NIS decreased velvetleaf control in the greenhouse. Adding desmedipham plus phenmedipham to triflusulfuron plus NIS increased visible sugarbeet response compared to triflusulfuron plus nonionic surfactant or desmedipham plus phenmedipham 14 d after the last POST application in 1994. In the absence of weeds, POST herbicide applications that included triflusulfuron did not reduce sugarbeet root yield more than other POST herbicides.

scholarly journals Assessing Management of Nitrapyrin with Urea Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer on Corn Yield and Soil Nitrogen in a Poorly-Drained Claypan Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Habibullah ◽  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Peter P. Motavalli
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Claypan Soil ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils

Use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) in agricultural production systems is considered a risk management strategy for both agricultural and environmental considerations. It can be utilized when risk of reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency or yield, and risk of pollution from mineral N is high which can occur in poorly-drained soils that are vulnerable to waterlogging and runoff. Field research was conducted on corn (Zea mays L.) from 2012 to 2015 in Missouri, USA on a poorly-drained claypan soil. Treatments consisted of two application timings of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer solution [pre-emergence (PRE) and V3 growth stage], two application rates (143 and 168 kg N ha-1) in the presence or absence of nitrapyrin, and a non-treated control. UAN at 143 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin at the V3 growth stage resulted in the highest yield (8.6 Mg ha-1). Similarly, pre-emergence application of UAN 168 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin resulted in greater yields (7.7 Mg ha-1). UAN application rates and timings affected soil NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations more than the presence or absence of nitrapyrin during the growing season. A side-dress application of a lower rate of UAN with nitrapyrin at V3 was effective in poorly-drained soils when risk of N losses during the growing season due to unfavorable precipitation events and other environmental variables was high. A pre-emergence application of UAN with nitrapyrin was also effective and it may eliminate the need for split-application of N fertilizer later in the season thereby reducing the workload on growers during the growing season.

EFFECT OF SELENATE VS. SELENITE FORMS OF SELENIUM IN INCREASING THE SELENIUM CONCENTRATION IN FORAGES AND CEREALS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urea Prills

A greenhouse study was conducted on a fine sandy loam to determine the effect of adding different sources of Se on the Se concentration of forages and cereals. The three sources of Se were: NH4NO3 prills containing (i) 1.20% Se as sodium selenate, (ii) 1.02% Se as sodium selenite and (iii) urea prills containing 1.00% Se as sodium selenite. Application of 20 g Se ha−1 as sodium selenate (source i) produced Se concentrations of 1.02 and 1.05 mg kg−1 in timothy and 1.04 and 0.55 mg kg−1 in alfalfa in the two cuts, respectively, and 0.78 mg kg−1 in barley grain. This application rate of Se in the form of selenite resulted in 0.07–0.09 mg Se kg−1 in the two forages and barley grain. At similar application rates of Se, the ammonium nitrate doped with sodium selenate produced about 5–18 times more Se in the forages and barley than when doped with sodium selenite. Overall no significant difference was found in the plant Se concentration between ammonium nitrate or urea prills as the carrier for selenite. Key words: Sodium selenate and selenite doped NH4NO3, greenhouse, Se in forages and cereals

scholarly journals Urea Ammonium Nitrate Additive and Raking Improved Mesotrione Efficacy on Creeping Bentgrass

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Xie ◽  
Deying Li ◽  
Wenjuan Fang ◽  
Kirk Howatt
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Plot Design

Selective control of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is desirable when it has escaped into other turfgrasses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence on creeping bentgrass control from adding urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) to mesotrione plus non-ionic surfactant (NIS) spray solution, and raking to remove dead tissues of creeping bentgrass. A 2-year field study was conducted with a split-plot design, where raking was the whole plot treatment and herbicide was the sub-plot treatment. Herbicide treatments included application of mesotrione at 56 and 70 g·ha−1 singly and sequentially with 0.25% (v/v) NIS or 0.25% (v/v) NIS plus 2.5% (v/v) UAN solution. Sequential applications were made three times on a 2-week interval. Removing the dead clippings by raking improved the creeping bentgrass control from 60% to 73% averaged over rates, timings, adjuvants, and years. Adding UAN to NIS plus mesotrione improved creeping bentgrass control from 78% to 98% with three sequential applications at 70 g·ha−1.

NH3 volatilization, soil concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Marc-Olivier Gasser ◽  
J. Douglas MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Main Factor

Rochette, P., Angers, D. A., Chantigny, M. H., Gasser, M.-O., MacDonald, J. D., Pelster, D. E. and Bertrand, N. 2013. NH 3 volatilization, soil [Formula: see text] concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 261–268. Subsurface banding of urea can result in large ammonia (NH3) emissions following a local increase in soil ammonium ([Formula: see text]) concentration and pH. We conducted a field experiment to determine how application rates of subsurface banded urea impact NH3 volatilization. Urea was banded at a 5 cm depth to a silty loam soil (pH=5.5) at rates of 0, 6.1, 9.2, 13.3 and 15.3 g N m−1. Ammonia volatilization (wind tunnels), and soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH (0–10 cm) were monitored for 25 d following urea application. Volatilization losses increased exponentially with urea application rate to 11.6% of applied N for the highest urea rate, indicating that as more urea N was added to the soil a larger fraction was lost as NH3. Cumulative NH3-N emissions were closely related (R 2≥0.85) to maximum increases in soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH, and their combined influence likely contributed to the nonlinearity of the volatilization response to urea application rate. However, the rapid increase in NH3 losses when soil pH rose above 7 suggests that soil pH was the main factor explaining the nonlinear response of NH3 volatilization. When compared with previous studies, our results suggest that the response of NH3 volatilization losses to urea application rate in acidic soils are controlled by similar factors whether urea is broadcasted at the soil surface or subsurface banded.

scholarly journals USING GEL POLYMERS TO INFLUENCE FERTILIZER NITROGEN RECOVERY BY STRAWBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1169e-1169
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Charles T MacKown
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Field Study ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Gel Polymers

Three gel polymers, Hydrosource, REAP, and Agri-gel, wetted with solutions of 15N-ammonium nitrate, were evaluated for controlled release of fertilizer nitrogen (N) to strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in the greenhouse and field. Container-grown plants of `Earliglow' and `Allstar' were harvested every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Field-grown plants of the same cultivars were collected from matted rows after harvest, and fruit were collected during harvest. Plant and fruit tissues were analyzed for total % N and atom % & 15N, and total fertilizer N recovery was calculated. For the container-grown plants, total % N differed by cultivar, `Earliglow' > `Allstar', and harvest date, declining during 8 weeks. Treatment effects on total % N were observed only in the field study, with Agri-gel showing the highest value. In the greenhouse study, Hydrosource and Agri-gel gave the highest tissue enrichments from fertilizer N. In the field study, REAP and Agri-gel gave the highest enrichments. In spite of the greater tissue enrichments, however, no gel polymer significantly increased total fertilizer N recovery in either study.

scholarly journals Effect of different soil and weather conditions on efficacy, selectivity and dissipation of herbicides in sunflower

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Martin Kočárek ◽  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Lukáš Tichý
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
High Precipitation

Six sunflower herbicides were tested at two application rates (1N and 2N) on three locations (with different soil types) within three years (2015–2017). Efficacy of the tested herbicides on Chenopodium album increased with an increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Efficacy of pendimethalin was 95%, flurochloridone and aclonifen 94%, dimethenamid-P 72%, pethoxamid 49% and S-metolachlor 47%. All tested herbicides injured sunflower on sandy soil (Regosol) which had the lowest CEC, especially in wet conditions (phytotoxicity 27% after 1N application rate). The highest phytotoxicity was recorded after the application of dimethenamid-P (19% at 1N and 45% at 2N application rate). Main symptoms of phytotoxicity were leaf deformations and necroses and the damage of growing tips, which led to destruction of some plants. Aclonifen, pethoxamid and S-metolachlor at 1N did not injure sunflower on the soil with the highest CEC (Chernozem) in any of the experimental years. Persistence of tested herbicides was significantly longer in Fluvisol (medium CEC) compared to Regosol and Chernozem. Dimethenamid-P showed the shortest persistence in Regosol and Chernozem. The majority of herbicides was detected in the soil layer 0–5 cm in all tested soils. Vertical transport of herbicides in soil was affected by the herbicide used, soil type and weather conditions. The highest vertical transport was recorded for dimethenamid-P and pethoxamid (4, resp. 6% of applied rate) in Regosol in the growing season with high precipitation.  

scholarly journals Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Regional-Scale Optimal K Rate Based on Sustainable Apple Yield and High-Efficiency K Use in Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay of China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1368
Author(s):  
Wenzheng Tang ◽  
Wene Wang ◽  
Dianyu Chen ◽  
Ningbo Cui ◽  
Haosheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Relationship Model

In order to meet the growing food demand of the global population and maintain sustainable soil fertility, there is an urgent need to optimize fertilizer application amount in agricultural production practices. Most of the existing studies on the optimal K rates for apple orchards were based on case studies and lack information on optimizing K-fertilizer management on a regional scale. Here, we used the method of combining meta-analysis with the K application rate-yield relationship model to quantify and summarize the optimal K rates of the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions in China. We built a dataset based on 159 observations obtained from 18 peer-reviewed literature studies distributed in 15 different research sites and evaluated the regional-scale optimal K rates for apple production. The results showed that the linear plus platform model was more suitable for estimating the regional-scale optimal K rates, which were 208.33 and 176.61 kg K ha−1 for the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions of China, respectively. Compared with high K application rates, the optimal K rates increased K use efficiency by 45.88–68.57%, with almost no yield losses. The optimal K rates also enhanced the yield by 6.30% compared with the low K application rates.

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