Risk and information use in two competing fleets: Russian and Cuban exploitation of silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis)

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Gillis ◽  
M A Showell
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis ◽  
Fish Abundances

Information exchange should influence the ability of individual vessels to exploit fish aggregations, ultimately influencing fishing efficiency. We examined this hypothesis using data from Cuban and Russian vessels pursuing silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) on the Scotian Shelf from 1989 to 1993. Cuban fleet size and organization were similar among the years, while the Russian fleet decreased in size and became profit driven during this time. Changing fish abundances prevent direct comparisons of fishing success between years, but the relative performance of the nations provided a basis for interannual comparison of fishing success. The risk of gear damage during a trawl differed between the nations in the years studied. From 1989 to 1992, vessel performance improved after a move of over 20 nautical miles, but this trend was absent from the 1993 data. When movements were separated into potential tactics, moving to an area where other ships were fishing was most common, suggesting the use of public information. Russian vessels were significantly less mobile than Cubans immediately following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and their seasonal catch rates were typically lower. In the following year, Russians were more mobile than Cubans and their seasonal performance was comparable.

Behavioral inferences from regulatory observer data: catch rate variation in the Scotian Shelf silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) fishery

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Interference Competition ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis

The detailed spatial and temporal data collected for the regulation of the silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) fishery on the Scotian Shelf provide a unique opportunity to test hypotheses about variability in catch rates on the scale of individual trawls. I used these data to examine vessel interactions and long-term temporal trends in catchability. An index of course linearity, derived from observed positions, times, and speeds of fishing vessels, indicated that interference competition was present in the fishery. However, catch rate did not decline with local vessel density. This apparent contradiction is consistent with fleet dynamic theory and suggests that the direct examination of catch rates is a poor test for interference in the retrospective analysis of fisheries data. The study of extended periods of high, localized fishing activity revealed a cycle in catch rates with periods of about 6 days. Such periods may represent an interaction between tidal, diel, and (or) technological factors. Although more study is required to identify the cause of these cycles, their existence should be considered in the design of surveys and other population studies using catch and effort data.

Redefining the Political System of the USSR: Mass Support for Political Change

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada W. Finifter ◽  
Ellen Mickiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Core Component ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
New Institutions

Using data from a national public opinion survey carried out in the Soviet Union during November and December 1989, we explore two attitudes relevant to the revolutionary changes there: (1) attitudes toward change and political democracy and (2) attitudes toward a core component of socialist ideology, the locus of responsibility for social well-being (the state or individuals?). These variables are unrelated, with the sample relatively evenly divided among the intersecting cells of a cross tabulation. While social conflict may be mitigated by the small sizes of absolutely opposing groups, consensus may also be hard to reach. Ethnicity, education, income, age, party membership, and life satisfaction have important effects on these attitudes. We discuss how attitude patterns in our data may be related to the disintegration of the Soviet Union and to problems faced by the independent successor states as they develop new institutions and foster new values.

scholarly journals “Forward to the bright future of socialism!”: the role of images and symbols in promoting collectivization in Soviet Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 10003
Author(s):  
Oksana Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Bright Future ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
National Flag ◽  
The Village

In every country, state symbols such as the national flag, emblem, and national anthems represent the independence and sovereignty of the state. In the Soviet Union as well as in other autocratic states symbols also played an important role in propaganda, influencing peoples’ attitudes to the actions of the state at all levels. These symbols could also be found, together with powerful imagery in posters, on buildings, monuments and many other things visible and incorporated in the routine life the people. Ukraine has huge historical heritage of symbolism and propaganda from when the country was a major part of the USSR. After the creation of the USSR a political, socio-economic, cultural and spiritual experiment on the construction of a communist society, which in the case of Ukraine was unprecedented in scale and tragedy, began. The collectivization of the village is one of the most tragic pages in the history of Ukraine. As the most important grain-growing region of the country at the time its production was vital to feed the growing cities and industrialisation. The forced collectivisation led to starvation in the 1930s and millions of people died. In order to counter this most public information showed people another side of collectivization. Propaganda was used, such as posters and slogans, to persuade the peasants to join the collective farms and to promote the real or fictitious results of the workers, and, conversely, to attack people who did not want to believe in the “bright future” of the USSR and to denounce “kulaks” and “saboteurs”. Materials from archives and published sources show many examples of Ukrainian images and symbols of that time which shed a light on the way the collectivisation process was portrayed and promoted.

A Glance at Persian, European, and Russian Historical Sources on the Manghit Dynasty in the 19th Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Qajar Period ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The 19Th Century

Historians confront numerous difficulties while doing research on Central Asia, particularly concerning the contemporary period. Historical developments in the relations between Iran and Central Asia, especially following the rise of the Soviet Union, have led to the creation of high walls separating Iran from those countries, and have made research and information exchange impossible. Historical sources for this period are scarce and inaccessible, and researchers cannot easily access the little that exists in the form of manuscripts kept in the archives of Iranian libraries. Moreover, the writers of the Qajar period have dealt with only a very small sample of the events that took place in that part of the world, and then mostly with those occurring along the Iranian borders. Thus, they reveal little about developments inside Transoxiana.

scholarly journals Intrastate Dynamics in the Context of Hegemonic Decline: A Case Study of China’s Arms Transfer Regime

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Arms Transfers ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Peace Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Arms Exports ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Using Data

The decline of a hegemon can create openings for lesser powers to expand their influence in the world-system. Is this what China is currently attempting to do? This paper contributes to this on-going debate by examining China’s arms transfer activities from a historical perspective. Using data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute arms transfer database and the World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers database, I argue that the Chinese arms transfer regime has evolved through three phases. In Phase One, China used gifts of arms to compete with the Soviet Union and to expand influence among Third World countries. In Phase Two, China used arms exports mainly to assist national developmental projects. Only evidence in Phase Three supports the emergence of a global strategy that attempts to extend China’s economic, political, and possibly military outreach. This paper suggests that though China has not yet become a contender for world hegemony as Arrighi argues (2007), China has formulated a globally-focused agenda which, in the medium-term, could extend its influence in regions where U.S. domination is relatively weak.

scholarly journals Reduced herding of flounders by floating bridles: application in Gulf of Maine Northern shrimp trawls to reduce bycatch

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1514-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingguo He ◽  
Christopher Rillahan ◽  
Vincent Balzano
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Shrimp Fishery ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Fisheries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis

Abstract We hypothesized that a floating trawl bridle that does not contact the seabed would reduce the herding of fish, especially bottom dwelling flounders, and thus reduce bycatch of these fish in shrimp trawls. We further hypothesized that, due to the non-herding nature of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), the use of an off-bottom floating bridle would not reduce shrimp catch. These hypotheses were tested in the field by comparing a trawl with regular bottom-tendering wire bridles and the same trawl with floating synthetic bridles in the Gulf of Maine northern shrimp fishery. As expected, no statistically significant differences in catch rates and size were found for the targeted northern shrimp (146.3 ± 10.58 kg h−1 control vs. 140.8 ± 9.35 kg h−1, p = 0.13). Total finfish bycatch was reduced by 14.9%, and the difference was statistically different (p = 0.01). The most important reduction was the catch of juvenile American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) with a significant reduction of 20.0% (p = 0.01). For witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), a reduction of 19.3% was found, but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.14). The reduction of Acadian redfish (Sebastes fasciatus) (by 28.0%, p = 0.02) was also statistically different. Catch of targeted silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) was reduced by 10.8%, but the difference was only marginally significant (p = 0.07). An analysis of length frequencies for the targeted shrimp and major bycatch species revealed no size-related selection between the gears with regular bridles and floating bridles. The reductions in flounder bycatch indicate reduced herding of benthic species when the bridles are kept off bottom. This easy modification may be readily adopted in the northern shrimp fisheries in the North Atlantic, and can also possibly be applied in other shrimp and prawn fisheries with further experimentation.

The Defense-Growth Relationship: An Economic Investigation into Post-Soviet States

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D McDonald ◽  
Robert J Eger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

An important question stemming from the collapse of the Soviet Union is how defense spending has influenced the economic performance of the 15 member states since their establishment as market economies. This study furthers the understanding of the relationship between defense spending and economic growth using data from the states of the former Soviet Union from 1992 to 2007. A nonlinear production function was used for direct effects, and models of investment and employment were employed for indirect effects. Contrary to expectations, the findings show that continued reliance on the defense sector in post-Soviet states has helped overall economic growth. Similarly, the growth effect of defense spending has remained nearly constant since the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Cold war whaling: Bellingshausen and the Slava flotilla

Polar Record ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rip Bulkeley
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
World War 2 ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War

ABSTRACTOn 7 December 1945 a captured German whaling factory, Wikinger, was allocated to the Soviet Union under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement between that country, the United States and the United Kingdom. In the first section, this article presents the first detailed account of how Wikinger was seized by the Royal Navy and eventually transferred to Soviet ownership. The second section illustrates the hostile attitudes of western governments towards the Slava whaling flotilla during the cold war, and the degree to which their suspicions were focused on the work of scientists assigned to the flotilla. The next four sections trace the fluctuating perceptions and presentations, during the Tsarist and early Soviet periods, of the Imperial Russian Navy's Antarctic expedition of 1819–1821, the problems in respect of Antarctica which confronted Soviet diplomacy and propaganda in the 1940s, and the new story, about Russians having been the first people to discover Antarctica, which was developed in order to address them. It is then possible, in the seventh section, to explain the political utility of the Slava flotilla in the early 1950s. An eighth section sketches the divergent cultural fortunes of the Bellingshausen expedition and the Slava flotilla after the period under consideration.This article discusses the use of whaling and history in support of Soviet Antarctic policy between the end of World War 2 and the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–1958. But the Slava whaling flotilla did not just play a part in the historicisation of Soviet Antarctic policy. It was itself a historically constituted object, fraught with meanings on both sides of the cold war. For that reason the opportunity is taken to give a more detailed account of the flotilla's origins than has been available hitherto. The author notes that two contributors to this journal have preceded him in some of these matters (Armstrong 1950, 1971; Gan 2009). He ventures to suggest, however, that the connections between whaling, historiography and public information management in Soviet Antarctic policy have not been fully demonstrated before this.

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