BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 6. THE GENERAL HYDROGRAPHY AND HYDRODYNAMICS OF THE WATERS OF THE HUDSON BAY REGION

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. HACHEY
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The waters of Hudson bay differ markedly from the waters of Hudson strait and the waters of the open ocean. Intense stratification in the upper twenty-five metres, decreasing as the waters of the open ocean are approached, gives Hudson bay the character of a large estuary. Below fifty metres the waters are for all purposes dynamically dead, thus resulting in a cold saline body of water which probably undergoes very little change from season to season. The movements of the waters at various levels are dealt with to show that the inflow of waters from Fox channel and the many fresh-water drainage areas control the hydrographic conditions as found. The main water movement is from the James bay area to Hudson strait and thence to the open ocean.

PODZOLIC SOIL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHERN JAMES BAY LOWLANDS, ONTARIO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PROTZ ◽  
M. J. SHIPITALO ◽  
G. J. ROSS ◽  
J. TERASMAE
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Clay Formation ◽  
Carbonate Leaching ◽  
Pedogenetic Processes

Nine soil profiles from a 52-km-long transect orthogonal to the coast of Southern James Bay range in age from 1000 to 3000 yr. The depth of carbonate leaching, mass of vermiculite clay formation, profile organic matter and amorphous material (Fe, Al and Si) accumulation were determined. Rates of these pedogenetic processes were calculated, and compared to rates in a cooler, drier area on the Hudson Bay Coast. The rates are about twice as rapid in the southern James Bay area as in the Hudson Bay Coastal zone. These differences in rates are explained on the basis of mean annual temperature and precipitation. Key words: Vermiculite, carbonate leaching, rates of pedogenesis

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY 9. FISHES FROM THE HUDSON BAY REGION (EXCEPT THE COREGONIDAE)

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
VADIM D. VLADYKOV
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The present study is based on examination of six collections of fishes (about 4000 specimens) from the Hudson bay region made between 1919 and 1930. The material consisted of 45 different forms, belonging to 42 species, 34 genera and 17 families.No endemic species are known from this area. The following subspecies are described as new: Ammodytes dubius hudsonius, Gymnocanthus tricuspis hudsonius and Lycodes reticulatus hacheyi.Sixteen fresh-water and brackish-water forms collected in the Hudson bay area are the same as those that occur in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence regions.Twenty-eight marine species are known from the region under consideration; the majority of them (22) are truly arctic forms.Two species (Gymnocanthus galeatus and Liparis cyclostigma) previously known only from the north Pacific and Bering sea are found in Hudson bay.The most important commercial fishes are principally anadromous and rarely marine.

Paleomagnetism, U–Pb geochronology, and geochemistry of Lac Esprit and other dyke swarms, James Bay area, Quebec, and implications for Paleoproterozoic deformation of the Superior Province

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L Buchan ◽  
Jean Goutier ◽  
Michael A Hamilton ◽  
Richard E Ernst ◽  
William A Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Superior Province ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The North ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dyke Swarms

An extensive set of north- to northwest-trending diabase dykes, termed the Lac Esprit swarm, is identified in the Superior Province east of James Bay based on geological mapping and a distinctive paleomagnetic pole (61.7°N, 169.1°E, dm = 7.7°, dp = 5.5°). The Lac Esprit swarm yields a U–Pb baddeleyite age of 2069 ± 1 Ma similar to that of the 2076+5–4 Ma Fort Frances swarm of the western Superior Province. Their paleomagnetic declinations differ by 23° ± 12° after correction to a common reference locality. The difference is likely due mainly to counterclockwise rotation about a vertical axis of the Fort Frances area relative to the Lac Esprit area. Differential rotation of 10°–20° has been proposed more locally across the Kapuskasing Structural Zone separating the eastern and western Superior Province in earlier paleomagnetic studies of ca. 2450 Ma Matachewan and 2170 Ma Biscotasing dyke swarms. Thus, relative rotation may have involved the entire eastern and western Superior Province, perhaps in response to collisional events associated with the Trans-Hudson Orogen to the north or the Penokean orogen to the south, or in response to rifting beneath Hudson Bay. Other dykes in the study area are interpreted from a combination of paleomagnetism, trend, and geochemistry to belong to the Senneterre, Matachewan, and Mistassini swarms. The 2216 Ma Senneterre dykes form part of a giant swarm that fans across the eastern Superior Province. Paleomagnetic directions and geometry of this swarm rule out substantial block rotations within the eastern Superior Province since dyke emplacement.

Breakup of small rivers in the subarctic

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-ko Woo ◽  
Richard Heron
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Qualitative Prediction ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
The Many

At the end of the winter, the channels of small, subarctic rivers in the coastal James Bay Lowland are filled with snow, river ice, and icing. The major processes associated with the breakup of these rivers include the melting of the snow cover and the resultant generation of meltwater, the impoundment of meltwater runoff by snow dams, the disintegration and ablation of the river ice cover, the formation and dissipation of ice jams, and an exchange of overland and channelled flow between the rivers and their adjacent wetlands. A generalization of the breakup sequences allows a qualitative prediction of the events for specific segments of the channel. Findings of this study are applicable to the many small, subarctic rivers that fringe the James Bay and Hudson Bay coasts.

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY. 8. THE COREGONINE FISHES OF HUDSON AND JAMES BAYS

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. DYMOND
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Saginaw Bay ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

Specimens of Coregonus clupeaformis, Prosopium quadrilaterale and Leucichthys artedi from Hudson and James bays are quite similar to specimens of the same species from the Great Lakes; Prosopium shows the most divergence.Coregonus does not grow as large in salt water as in fresh water lakes of the same latitude; its rate of growth is more rapid than that of whitefish in lake Nipigon, but slower than in lake Ontario; spawning fish are usually at least seven years old.For the first two or three years Leucichthys grows more slowly, but later more rapidly than in lake Ontario or Saginaw bay, lake Michigan; it also reaches a larger size than is usual in the Great Lakes; sexual maturity is probably not attained until at least the fourth year.

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: I. HUDSON BAY AND THE DETERMINATION OF FISHERIES

1931 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. HUNTSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The waters of Hudson bay, though potentially rich, do not present suitable conditions for the development of fisheries of any magnitude. Fresh water from an extensive drainage basin mixes only superficially with the salt water, so that the bay has an estuarial character, apart from the somewhat barren deeper arctic water, with the fisheries largely those of the rivers emptying into it.

Morphological and isozyme variation in Salicornia europaea (s.l.) (Chenopodiaceae) in northeastern North America

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1410-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Wolff ◽  
R. L. Jefferies
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Salicornia Europaea ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Morphological and electrophoretic variation has been documented within and among populations of Salicornia europaea L. (s.l.) in northeastern North America. Univariate and multivariate analyses (discriminant analyses) of measurements of floral and vegetative characters delimited three morphologically distinct groups of populations: Atlantic coast tetraploids (2n = 36), Hudson Bay diploids, and Atlantic coast and James Bay diploids (2n = 18). The two diploid groups were morphologically distinct from the midwestern diploid, S. rubra Nels., based on anther length, width of the scarious border of the fertile segment, and the overall width of the fertile segment. Electrophoretic evidence supported the delimitation of the three distinct morphological groups of populations of S. europaea with the exception of the population from James Bay, which had electrophoretic patterns identical with those of plants from Hudson Bay but resembled the Atlantic coast diploids morphologically. Most enzyme systems assayed were monomorphic. Only homozygous banding patterns were detected in diploid plants and electrophoretic variation was not observed within populations of S. europaea or S. rubra but was detected between groups of populations. Four multilocus phenotypes were evident; these corresponded to the major groups recognized on the basis of ploidy level and morphology. Reasons that may account for the paucity of isozymic variation are discussed.

Impacts cumulatifs du développement hydro-électrique sur le bilan d'eau douce de la baie d'Hudson

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Anctil ◽  
Richard Couture
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Hydroelectric Development

This paper discusses the consequences on the marine environment, more specifically on the fresh water balance, of the hydroelectric development of several tributaries of Hudson Bay, including James Bay and Foxe Basin. The fresh water balance is determined by identifying, at different scales, the modifications caused by each complex. The main inputs are the freezing and thawing of the ice cover, runoff water, and mass exchange at the air–water interface. Three spatial scales were used to obtain the resolution required to document the cumulative effects of fresh water balance modifications on the water surface layer: the Hudson Bay, the Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. Finally, the addition of the proposed Grande-Baleine hydroelectric complex is examined from the available information and forecasts. Key words: hydroelectric development, impact, marine environment, fresh water balance, ice cover, runoff water, mass exchange.[Journal translation]

New Complexities in Zoogeography and Taxonomy of the Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1772-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey ◽  
W. G. Franzin
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
The South ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mackenzie River

Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri) are recorded for the first time from the Peel–Mackenzie river drainage (Elliott Lake, Yukon Territory) and from the Hudson Bay drainage (Waterton Lakes, Alberta, in the South Saskatchewan–Nelson river system). The morphology of specimens from both localities contradicts the previously known pattern of a southeastern "low-rakered" and a northwestern "high-rakered" form (with the two forms occurring sympatrically in some lakes of the Bristol Bay area). Specimens from Elliott Lake, the most northerly known locality, resemble the southeastern form and those from Waterton Lakes the northwestern form. Both Waterton and Elliott lakes lie close to unglaciated refugia, suggesting that the species may have survived Wisconsin glaciation and diverged in several different watersheds.

scholarly journals The Reactions nd resistance of Fishes to Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide

1918 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 557-571
Author(s):  
Morris Wells
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
The Many

Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are both present in the waste that is diverted into natural waters by many works where illuminating gas is manufactured and, since the waste as a whole is known to be exceedingly poisonous to aquatic organisms, the role played in its toxic action by the two gases in question was investigated at the time that the many other organic substances of which the waste is composed were studied by Shelford. The investigation has shown that both of the gases are poisonous to fresh-water fishes even when present in the water in relatively small proportions, but the monoxide has been found to be by far the more deadly of the two.

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