Crustacean Plankton Communities of 340 Lakes and Ponds in and near the National Parks of the Canadian Rocky Mountains

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stewart Anderson
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crustacean Plankton ◽  
Species Occurrences ◽  
Plankton Communities

The crustacean plankton communities of 340 lakes and ponds in southern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia were examined. The waters are situated between 660 m and 2455 m in elevation, have areas from < 0.1 to 3940 hectares, and range from 0.5 m to 136 m in depth. They represent a wide range of salinities, from 2 ppm to 29,800 ppm. The communities were grouped into seven main types on the basis of the copepod species present. Of the 97 crustacean species present, 32 were copepods, 50 were cladocerans, and 9 were anostracans. The three most common species accounted for over 25% of the total species occurrences. Only two species were present in more than half the total lakes and ponds. A few species seem to be restricted to highly saline waters, and a few to low salinities, but most inhabited a wide range of aquatic environments. The most frequently occurring and abundant species tolerate a wide range of conditions. These species are also characterized by up to a fivefold variation in generation time. Certain species having restricted distribution patterns appear to be limited by both the chemistry of the water and the heat content. Aspects of species distribution, ecology, and interspecific relationships are discussed.

Crustacean Plankton Communities in Forty-Five Lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Patalas
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Lake Morphology ◽  
Diaptomus Oregonensis ◽  
Crustacean Plankton ◽  
Limnocalanus Macrurus ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Plankton Communities

Zooplankton communities were characterized on the basis of samples taken in summer as vertical net hauls in the central part of lakes. Twenty-eight species of crustaceans were found in the 45 lakes studied. The highest number of species as well as the highest numbers of individuals (per unit of area) usually occurred in the largest deepest lakes with most transparent water.The most common species were: Bosmina longirostris, Tropocyclops prasinus mexicanus, Mesocyclops edax, Diaptomus minutus, Holopedium gibberum, and Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi. Daphnids were rather scarcely represented.Senecella calanoides, Limnocalanus macrurus, and Diaptomus sicilis were confined to rather deeper lakes, whereas Diaptomus oregonensis was found mostly in smaller shallower lakes and Diaptomus leptopus in very small, but relatively deep lakes. Diaptomus minutus and C. b. thomasi, though widely distributed, showed a preference for deeper lakes, whereas T. p. mexicanus tended towards smaller shallower lakes.In particular lakes, the number of dominants ranged between 1 and 5, but three dominants per lake was the most commonly encountered case. The simplest community was composed of one cyclopoid, though the most common consisted of one cyclopoid, one diaptomid, and one cladoceran.Four types of communities were distinguished, each of them characteristic for a group of lakes of specific size and depth: (I) in the largest and deepest lakes (389–1007 ha of area, 30–117 m maximum depth); (II) in lakes of medium size and depth (6.5–200 ha, 4.8–33 m); (III) in small and very shallow lakes (3.1–28 ha, 2.7–7.3 m); (IV) in very small lakes with medium depth (1.3–3.7 ha, 6.1–12.8 m).The high degree of similarity between the plankton communities of the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) and southern Ontario, as well as of some Great Lakes, suggest that they all basically belong to the same zoogeographical area.The fact that most species were distributed evenly throughout ELA may indicate the relative uniformity of the area. In ELA, lake morphology is mainly responsible for defining the type of community.

Crustacean Plankton of 146 Alpine and Subalpine Lakes and Ponds in Western Canada

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stewart Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Copepod Species ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Subalpine Lakes ◽  
Crustacean Plankton ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Plankton Communities

Investigations of crustacean plankton communities in 146 alpine and subalpine waters in some western Canadian national parks and environs showed that species composition varied little from year to year and that there was a mean of 2.93 species per community Diaptomus arcticus occurred in 60% of the communities. More cladoceran species than copepod species were found, but there were usually more copepod than cladoceran species in a community. Many of the species found in subalpine waters did not occur in alpine waters, where they were probably limited more by physical factors — such as temperature and morphometry — and the presence of large predators than by altitude. Except for anostracans, few species seemed to be restricted to either lakes or ponds in the study area. Congeneric occurrences of large cladocerans or nonpredaceous diaptomid copepods were uncommon, as were co-occurrences of large cladocerans and nonpredaceous diaptomids.

Revision of Coronostrongylus (Nematoda : Strongyloidea) parasitic in the stomachs of macropodid marsupials

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nematode Genus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Occurrences

The monotypic nematode genus Coronostrongylus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 from the stomachs of macropodid marsupials was reviewed and was found to consist of a least seven closely related species. Coronostrongylus coronatus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 is found most commonly in Macropus rufogriseus, but occurs occasionally in M. dorsalis, M. parryi and Petrogale inornata. Coronostrongylus johnsoni, sp. nov. is most commonly found in M. dorsalis, but occurs also in M. rufogriseus, M. parma, Thylogale stigmatica, Petrogale godmani and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus barkeri, sp. nov. is most prevalent in Onychogalea unguifera, but occurs also in M. rufus, M. robustus and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus closei, sp. nov. is restricted to Petrogale persephone. Coronostrongylus sharmani, sp. nov. occurs only in rock wallabies from eastern Australia: P.�coenensis, P. godmani and P. mareeba; C. spratti, sp. nov. occurs in P. inornata and P. assimilis. Coronostrongylus spearei, sp. nov. is restricted to Papua New Guinea where it is found in Dorcopsulus vanhearni, Dorcopsis hageni and D. muelleri. Although all of the nematode species occur in one principal host species or a series of closely related host species, occurrences in geographically disjunct areas and in phylogenetically distant hosts are features of C. coronatus, C. barkeri, sp. nov. and C. johnsoni, sp. nov. The occurrence of seven closely related nematode species found in a wide range of macropodid host species is more readily accounted for by a hypothesis involving multiple colonisations of hosts than by the hypothesis of co-speciation.

Distribution of moss-inhabiting diatoms along an altitudinal gradient at sub-Antarctic Îles Kerguelen

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niek J.M. Gremmen ◽  
Bart van de Vijver ◽  
Yves Frenot ◽  
Marc Lebouvier
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Expected Species Richness

Altitudinal gradients provide excellent opportunities to study relationships between species distribution and climatic variables. We studied the species composition of 39 samples of moss-inhabiting diatoms, collected at 50 m intervals from 100–650 m above sea level. The samples contained a total of 130 diatom species, of which 51 occurred in 10 or more samples. Altitude appeared to be the most important variable explaining variation in species composition. Of the 51 common species, 33 showed a significant relationship with altitude. Although the majority of the latter declined with increasing altitude, for nine species the probability of occurrence first increased with increasing elevation, but decreased again at higher altitudes, and four species increased systematically with elevation. As a result, expected species richness per sample decreased from an estimated 43 at 100 m to 25 species per sample at 650 m. Diatom distribution patterns proved to be suitable predictors of the altitudinal position of sample sites. Cross-validation yielded a strong relationship between predicted and observed altitudes.

scholarly journals The Ecology of British Upland Landscapes. Ii. The Influence of Policy on The Current Character of The Uplands and The Potential for Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G.H. Bunce ◽  
Claire M. Wood ◽  
Simon M. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Second World War ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
Mountain Habitats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Second World

Abstract The paper demonstrates that the British Uplands have been influenced to a great extent by policy - for example, the planting of almost a million hectares of exotic conifers since the Second World War, and the extent of designated areas. Otherwise, climate change transcends policy and is locally important to coastal and high mountain habitats. The different policies affecting the Uplands, such as the Common Agricultural Policy, are described, as are the wide range of designations such as National Parks, which may have a stabilising effect in times of great change. A new trend has started in Scotland in the last 20 years of local initiatives, such as the community ownership of Eigg, however large landowners still dominate. An impact table is presented of the habitats that make up the Uplands and their links to driving forces, with potential changes described that are likely to take place under future policies such as Brexit. Dwarf shrub heath is the habitat affected by many management drivers, whereas habitats such as Inland Rock, are relatively stable but most likely to be affected by climate change.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of climate change on Mongolia’s plant protection status quo

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Batkhuyag B ◽  
Batnaran Kh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Wide Range

Mongolia’s 2030 Sustainable Development Vision set a goal to be a self-sufficient in grain, potatoes and vegetables by 2030. However, Mongolia’s pastoral animal husbandry and rain-fed agriculture are extremely sensitive to climate change. The Asian migratory locust is considered as the most harmful grasshopper in the world. Until 1970th, these locust’s distribution areas in Mongolia were confined to oasis of Gobi deserts. A study on Asian migratory locust in Russia predicts distribution and formation of new permanent habitats of the locust in Chita oblast, Krasnoyarsk territory and Republic of Tyva. The Colorado beetle is one of the world’s most infamous invasive species due to its rapid adaptation to a wide range of ecological conditions and ability to disperse long distances. The climate modeling of Colorado beetle showed that with current trend, the beetle will expand its distribution into the most eastern and north-eastern regions of the Russian Federation. In China, the Colorado beetle was first detected in Xinjiang in 1993 and subsequently spread eastward. In China the Colorado beetle is currently expanding its areas at rate of 25 kms year (12-45 kms/year). Both species’ distribution patterns in neighboring countries show eventual establishment of permanent habitats around Mongolia. Their invasion to Mongolia will threaten country’s food security due to direct destruction of cereal and potato crops, and increased application of highly toxic pesticides. In light of these threats, Mongolia should start taking serious preventive measures by increasing surveillance and dedicated risk assessment studies for potential agricultural pests and diseases.

scholarly journals Living and dead foraminiferal assemblage from the supratidal sand Japsand, North Frisian Wadden Sea: distributional patterns and controlling factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Schmidt ◽  
Joachim Schönfeld
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Reproduction Season ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

AbstractSupratidal sands are vitally important for coastal defence in the German Wadden Sea. They are less affected by human activities than other areas as they are located far off the mainland shore, touristical and commercial activities are generally prohibited. Therefore, supratidal sands are of high ecological interest. Nevertheless, the faunal inventory and distribution pattern of microorganisms on these sands were studied very little. The composition of living and dead foraminiferal assemblages was therefore investigated along a transect from the supratidal sand Japsand up to Hallig Hooge. Both assemblages were dominated by calcareous foraminifera of which Ammonia batava was the most abundant species. Elphidium selseyense and Elphidium williamsoni were also common in the living assemblage, but Elphidium williamsoni was comparably rare in the dead assemblage. The high proportions of Ammonia batava and Elphidium selseyense in the living assemblage arose from the reproduction season that differed between species. While Ammonia batava and Elphidium selseyense just finished their reproductive cycles, Elphidium williamsoni was just about to start. This was also confirmed by the size distribution patterns of the different species. The dead assemblage revealed 20 species that were not found in the living assemblage of which some were reworked from older sediments (e.g., Bucella frigida) and some were transported via tidal currents from other areas in the North Sea (e.g., Jadammina macrescens). The living foraminiferal faunas depicted close linkages between the open North Sea and the mainland. Key species revealing exchange between distant populations were Haynesina germanica, Ammonia batava and different Elphidium species. All these species share an opportunistic behaviour and are able to inhabit a variety of different environments; hence, they well may cope with changing environmental conditions. The benthic foraminiferal association from Japsand revealed that transport mechanisms via tides and currents play a major ecological role and strongly influence the faunal composition at this site.

Lepidium draba (hoary cress).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Weyl
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Hoary Cress ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Lepidium Draba ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Abstract Lepidium draba is found in a wide range of habitats ranging from roadsides (highly disturbed sites) to rangelands, meadows and pastures, cultivated fields, home gardens, national parks and wasteland. It exists at high and low latitudes, above and below sea level. It is found under irrigation and in soils of high moisture content and also exists in arid regions. It invades all soil types, although it prefers alkaline conditions and can germinate in saline soils. All of these characteristics and adaptations provide exceptional advantages for this noxious weed and reflect its high potential to invade different agricultural systems. The absence of L. draba plants from plantations or sites where it has not been reported may not be due to the species' ability to invade, survive, grow or develop in these sites but rather to the absence of initial infestation. The weed can invade both agricultural and natural ecosystems (Larson et al., 2000). In summary, L. draba is a serious threat to agriculture and the environment. It is of a high ecological tolerance and is potentially harmful to human and animal health. Its ability to invade and reproduce by different means and to host plant pathogenic agents make this weed invasive with significant problems to man and natural resources.

Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Bathymetric Range ◽  
Main Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
Preanal Length

<em>Abstract</em>.—The objective of this study is to describe the distribution patterns of abundance and biomass, on a geographic and bathymetric basis, of the main macrourid species of Mozambique waters. Catch data from a demersal trawl survey (<EM>MOZAMBIQUE 07</EM>) were analyzed. The survey covered the continental shelf and upper-middle slope from 17°00’S to 26°50’S and from 100–700 m depth. Fourteen macrourid species were collected from 200 m and deeper. The most abundant species and the highest in biomass were <em>Coelorinchus braueri</em>, <em>C. trunovi, C. denticulatus</em>, <em>Ventrifossa nasuta</em>, and <em>Malacocephalus laevis</em>. Only those five species were analyzed in detail. The occurrence and yields by geographic and bathymetric range of these main species seem to reveal the existence of some species-specific preference for determinate depth ranges and/or geographic areas. Preanal length-weight relationships were estimated for <em>C. braueri, C. trunovi, </em>and <em>V. nasuta</em>: <em>a</em>= 0.00071; 0.00020; 0.00080; <em>b</em>= 2.50; 2.80; 2.76 and <em>r</em><sup>2</sup>= 0.93; 0.97; 0.78, respectively.

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