Free Amino Acid Pools of Five Species of Freshwater Oligochaetes

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Graney ◽  
T. J. Keilty ◽  
J. P. Giesy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri ◽  
Free Amino Acid Pools ◽  
Freshwater Oligochaetes

The concentrations of free amino acids (FAA) were measured in five species of freshwater Oligochaeta (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, Potamothrix moldaviensis, Potamothrix vejdovskyi, and Stylodrilus heringianus) collected from southeastern Lake Michigan. Alanine represented between 23.1 and 41.8% of the total FAA pool and was the most abundant amino acid in all species. Leucine, valine, and glutamic acid were, respectively, the next most abundant and had similar relative concentrations in all species except T. tubifex. In T. tubifex, glutamic acid, asparagine, and aspartate were the second, third, and fourth most abundant FAA, respectively. Relative to other freshwater invertebrates, the total FAA pool of Lake Michigan oligochaetes was small. Differences in innate physiological and/or biochemical processes, dietary intake, and reproductive status may have contributed to the quantitative and qualitative differences observed among species. Identification of individual oligochaetes to species was accomplished by multivariate statistical analysis of the FAA profiles. A potential exists for the application of this technique for identifying immature oligochaetes.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Edaphic Crop Conditions on the Free Amino Acid Profile of PH-16 Dry Cacao Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Quintino Reis de Araujo ◽  
Guilherme Amorim Homem de Abreu Loureiro ◽  
Cid Edson Mendonça Póvoas ◽  
Douglas Steinmacher ◽  
Stephane Sacramento de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference

Free amino acids in cacao beans are important precursors to the aroma and flavor of chocolate. In this research, we used inferential and explanatory statistical techniques to verify the effect of different edaphic crop conditions on the free amino acid profile of PH-16 dry cacao beans. The decreasing order of free amino acids in PH-16 dry cacao beans is leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, alanine, asparagine, tyrosine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, valine, isoleucine, glutamine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, tryptophan, threonine, glycine. With the exception of lysine, no other free amino acid showed a significant difference between means of different edaphic conditions under the ANOVA F-test. The hydrophobic free amino acids provided the largest contribution to the explained variance with 58.01% of the first dimension of the principal component analysis. Glutamic acid stands out in the second dimension with 13.09%. Due to the stability of the biochemical profile of free amino acids in this clonal variety, it is recommended that cacao producers consider the genotype as the primary source of variation in the quality of cacao beans and ultimately the chocolate to be produced.

scholarly journals Combined walking exercise and alkali therapy in patients with CKD4–5 regulates intramuscular free amino acid pools and ubiquitin E3 ligase expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 2111-2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Watson ◽  
George C. Kosmadakis ◽  
Alice C. Smith ◽  
Joao L. Viana ◽  
Jeremy R. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ◽  
Alkali Therapy ◽  
Walking Exercise ◽  
Free Amino Acid Pools

SEPARATION OF THE PROTEIN CONSTITUENTS OF THE LARVAL DIETS OF THE HONEYBEE BY CONTINUOUS PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. J. Habowsky ◽  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

The protein constituents of the larval diets of queen and worker honeybees were separated by continuous paper electrophoresis. The electrophoretic patterns of royal jelly of any age and the early worker diet were similar and comprised five ninhydrin-reactive bands or fractions. Fraction 1 (nearest the cathode) contained lysine as a free amino acid. Fractions 3 and 4 appeared to be complex polypeptides. Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine and/or leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, and an unidentified substance were found in chromatograms of the acid hydrolyzate of fraction 3; the hydrolyzate of fraction 4 contained the same amino acids except for threonine. Fractions 2 and 5 were not characterized. Electrophoresis of the diet of worker larvae older than 3 days showed a pronounced fading of all bands, attributable to the dilution of the solids by the addition of honey which occurs at this time. There appeared to be no qualitative differences between the protein fractions of royal jelly and worker diet which would account for the differentiation of female honeybees into queens and workers. The decrease with age in the percentage of protein in the worker diet may be significant.

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