Validation of Corbicula fluminea Growth Reductions Induced by Copper in Artificial Streams and River Systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Belanger ◽  
Jerry L. Farris ◽  
Donald S. Cherry ◽  
John Cairns Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Shell Growth ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Artificial Streams ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Testing Protocols ◽  
Clam Tissue ◽  
Impacted Site ◽  
Clam Population

Studies designed to evaluate impacts of copper (Cu) on Asiatic clams, Corbicula fluminea, in artificial stream and field environments were conducted. Adult and juvenile responses (survival and growth) to Cu, relevance to Cu bioaccumulation, site-specific comparisons, and the relation to observed densities of resident clams at an impacted site were assessed. Juveniles were more sensitive than adults; however, clam tissue and shell growth were significantly impaired (p < 0.001) for both juveniles and adults at 8.4–26.7 μg Cu/L in artificial streams. Tissue levels of Cu were 2.5–6 times greater at 8.4–26.7 μg/L exposure concentrations compared with background body burdens in unexposed clams. In studies conducted at the Clinch River, Virginia power plant, clam growth was reduced at 22.5–104.8 μg/L at a water hardness (180 mg/L) that was more than two times the hardness in artificial streams. Clam population densities in the river were well correlated with outcomes of field growth studies. Corbicula fluminea growth patterns are a clear and interpretable indicator of Cu contamination in natural and artificial streams and represent a viable alternative to contemporary chronic testing protocols.

Growth Increments and Geochemical Variations in the Molluscan Shell

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 72-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Shell Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Random Disturbance ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Molluscan Shell ◽  
External Shell ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Geochemical Variations

Perhaps the one structural feature of the molluscan shell which has historically attracted the most attention from biologists and paleobiologists alike is the banding or growth increment variation associated with so many molluscan species. Such growth patterns are often prominently displayed on the external surfaces of shells and have long been the focus of serious biological and paleontological research (see reviews by Clark, 1974; Lutz and Rhoads, 1980). The usefulness of external shell growth patterns in ecological or paleoecological contexts is limited, however, by both the inability to distinguish true periodic features from random disturbance marks and by the extreme crowding of growth lines near the margins of mature shells. In the last two decades these problems have been surmounted with the recognition of periodic growth patterns within molluscan shells. Internal shell growth patterns are known from all classes of mollusks, but those in the Bivalvia have been studied most extensively. This is a result of the relative ease with which a complete ontogenetic growth record can be obtained by sectioning a shell along the axis of maximum growth (Rhoads and Pannella, 1970). Analogous ontogenetic records are very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain from coiled or spiral shells (e.g., gastropods) using current techniques (Lutz and Rhoads, 1980). This chapter, then, aims to review the major types of internal shell growth patterns described within molluscan shells (mainly bivalves) and to discuss their origin and applications in ecology and paleoecology. Also taken up in this chapter is a brief consideration of geochemical variations (stable oxygen and carbon isotopes and trace and minor elements) within molluscan shells. Physical-chemical, environmental, and physiological influences on shell chemistry are discussed in relation to how biogeochemical variations in the shell may be used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions.

scholarly journals Growth and survival of silver catfish larvae, Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae), at different calcium and magnesium concentrations

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Ineu Golombieski ◽  
Bernardo Baldisserotto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Hardness Values

Since the relative ratios of Ca2+ and Mg2+ can vary greatly from one water body to another, and lime used for the increase of water hardness or pH can have different ratios of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in its composition, the objective of this study was to analyze the growth and survival of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, larvae at different calcium and magnesium concentrations. After fertilization, eggs were randomly divided into 4 treatments (three replicates per treatment) with different concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ at hardness values of 70 mg.L-1 CaCO3 (mg.L-1 : 5.2 Ca2+ and 14.12 Mg2+; 13.11 Ca2+ and 7.11 Mg2+; 20.26 Ca2+ and 2.86 Mg2+; 24.95 Ca2+ and 0.95 Mg2+) and 150 mg.L-1 CaCO3 (mg.L-1 : 5.2 Ca2+ and 32.70 Mg2+; 28.63 Ca2+ and 16.44 Mg2+; 44.68 Ca2+and 6.44 Mg2+; 62.78 Ca2+ and 0.95 Mg2+). There was also another group exposed to water hardness of 20 mg.L-1 CaCO3 (Ca2+ 5.2 mg.L-1 and Mg2+ 0.95 mg.L-1) at both experiments. The post-hatch larvae were transferred to continuously aerated 40 L polyethylene aquaria (400 larvae/tank) containing the same water as used for incubation. Samples of larvae were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, and the length, weight, and specific growth rate were determined for each collection. Survival and biomass were calculated on day 21. At water hardness of 70 mg.L-1 CaCO3, the best survival and growth of silver catfish larvae was observed at water with 20.26 mg.L-1 Ca2+ and 2.89 mg.L-1 Mg2+, with similar results to the group exposed to water hardness of 20 mg.L-1 CaCO3. However, compared to the group exposed to water hardness of 20 mg.L-1 CaCO3, survival and growth were lower at 150 mg.L-1 CaCO3. Therefore, a hardness range of 20 to 70 mg.L-1 CaCO3 is recommended for silver catfish larviculture, but with 20.26 mg.L-1 Ca2+ and 2.89 mg.L-1 Mg2+ at 70 mg.L-1 CaCO3. Water hardness of 150 mg.L-1 CaCO3 is not recommended for this species.

Food resource, gametogenesis and growth of Mytilus edulis on the shore and in suspended culture: Killary Harbour, Ireland

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Rodhouse ◽  
C. M. Roden ◽  
G. M. Burnell ◽  
M. P. Hensey ◽  
T. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Detrital Carbon ◽  
Settlement Growth

Mussels, Mytilus edulis L. grow on the shore and are cultured on ropes in Killary Harbour, a fjordic inlet on the Irish west coast. The food resource available to cultured mussels differs from that available to wild mussels on the shore. Although phytoplankton densities as estimated from chlorophyll a concentrations are similar, the shore environment in the inner part of the inlet is characterized by high mean POC concentrations. This is because of the presence of variable amounts ofallochthonous detrital carbon.The annual cycles of flesh weight and ash content of wild and cultivated mussels were followed over two years. These cycles were related to the reproductive cycle observed by taking histological samples of mussel gonad, by plankton sampling for larvae and by monitoring larval settlement. Shell growth was measured in wild mussels by reading seasonal growth patterns on sectioned shells and in cultured mussels by following progress of the modal shell length of cohorts on ropes.Wild mussels have a partial spawning in early spring and spawn completely in the summer. Cultured mussels spawn twice during the summer, in the year following settlement. Growth rate of wild mussels decreases with increasing aerial exposure. The fastest growing mussels, at o % exposure, take about 6 years to attain the length attained by the mode of the cultured mussels after 18 months, when they are harvested.We conclude that wild mussels utilize a mix of phytoplankton and detritus as food during the summer and that large wild mussels can use detritus during the autumn and early winter for an increase in flesh weight and gametogenesis.

History, Survival, and Growth Patterns of B6C3F1 Mice and F344 Rats in the National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Testing Program

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-538
Author(s):  
THOMAS P. CAMERON ◽  
ROBERT L. HICKMAN ◽  
MARY R. KORNREICH ◽  
ROBERT E. TARONE
Keyword(s):  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
B6c3f1 Mice ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
F344 Rats

scholarly journals RESPONS DAN POLA PERTUMBUHAN BENIH ikan baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) DARI TIGA GENERASI DIPELIHARA PADA WADAH BUDIDAYA YANG BERBEDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irin Iriana Kusmini ◽  
Anang Hari Kristanto ◽  
Jojo Subagja ◽  
Vitas Atmadi Prakoso ◽  
Fera Permata Putri
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
New Generation

Ikan baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) merupakan salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar ekonomis tinggi di Indonesia. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas budidaya, maka dilakukan pembentukan generasi baru populasi terbaik agar diperoleh generasi yang lebih produktif dan cepat tumbuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi respons dan pola pertumbuhan benih ikan baung generasi-1 (G-1), generasi-2 (G-2), dan generasi-3 (G-3) pada wadah budidaya yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan di kolam semi-permanen, kolam beton dan jaring apung di Instalasi Riset Plasma Nutfah Perikanan Air Tawar, Cijeruk dengan tiga ulangan. Benih yang digunakan berukuran panjang rata-rata 1,54 ± 0,22 cm; dan bobot 0,06 ± 0,01 g; dipelihara dengan padat tebar 50 ekor/m2. Selama 15 hari pertama pemeliharaan benih diberi pakan Tubifex dan pakan komersial dengan kadar protein 41% sebanyak 5% per hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan dua kali sehari, untuk pemeliharaan selanjutnya pakan yang diberikan berupa pakan komersil saja. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 45 hari, dan pengukuran pertumbuhan dilakukan 15 hari sekali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi laju pertumbuhan spesifik, sintasan, dan pola pertumbuhan. Sebagai data pendukung dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air dan kelimpahan plankton. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan bobot dan panjang benih ikan baung G-2 lebih unggul dibanding dengan G-1 dan G-3, sedangkan wadah budidaya yang terbaik adalah pada pemeliharaan di kolam semi-permanen dengan bobot ikan 6,79 ± 4,085 g dan panjang 8,46 ± 1,967 cm. Pertumbuhan ikan baung yang dipelihara di kolam semi-permanen menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap wadah pemeliharan lainnya. Pola pertumbuhan ikan baung dari tiga wadah budidaya bersifat allometrik negatif (b<3).Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of the high economic value of freshwater fish commodities in Indonesia. In order to increase aquaculture productivity, production of new generation from the best population was conducted to obtain a more productive and fast-growing generation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response and growth pattern of G-1, G-2, and G-3 fingerlings of Asian redtail catfish on different rearing media. The study was conducted in semi-permanent ponds, concrete ponds, and floating nets in Research Installation of Freshwater Fisheries Germplasm, Cijeruk with three replications. The stocking density of each treatment was 50/m2, with the fingerlings average length of 1.54 ± 0.22 cm and weight of 0.06 ± 0.01. During the first 15 days, fish were fed with Tubifex and commercial feed (41% crude protein; fed 5% per day) with twice per day of feeding frequency. Fish were reared for 45 days, and growth measurement was conducted by sampling every 15 days. Parameters observed including specific growth rates, survival, and growth patterns. As supporting data, water quality, and plankton abundance were measured. The results showed that weight and length gain on the second generation (G-2) of Asian redtail catfish was superior compared to G-1 and G-3, whilst the best rearing media was found in semi-permanent ponds with the weight of 6.79 ± 4.085 g and the length of 8.46 ± 1.967 cm. The growth pattern of Asian redtail catfish from three rearing media was negative allometric (b<3).

Age and growth of the queen scallop, Equichlamys bifrons, in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel and Huon River Estuary, Tasmania

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Wolf ◽  
RWG White
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Deep Bay

Growth of the queen scallop, Equichlamys bifrons, was examined at one site in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel and two sites in the Huon River estuary (Tasmania) by analysing growth rings on the shell and shell hinge ligament, tagging scallops, and using size-frequency techniques. Regular sampling of scallops revealed that shell growth of E. bifrons is seasonal, commencing in late spring and stopping in late autumn. During the remainder of the year, when the water temperature is below ~13�C, shell growth slows or stops and growth rings are formed on the shell and shell hinge ligament. The growth rings on the shell and hinge ligament of E. bifrons were verified as being annual by studying the growth of marked scallops. Long-term growth patterns were similar for E. bifrons from Middleton (D'Entrecasteaux Channel) and from Deep Bay (Huon River estuary). Tagging data collected over the 1992-93 growing season indicated short-term variation in growth between sites. Size-frequency distributions from Middleton and Deep Bay could not be interpreted because smaller scallops were scarce. Smaller size classes were present at Eggs and Bacon Bay (Huon River estuary) and the size-frequency distribution was resolved into age classes. Reasonable agreement was found between the von Bertalanffy growth parameters obtained from the size frequency, tagging, and growth ring data.

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