Growth Models with Corrections for the Retardative Effects of Tagging

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongshun Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Length Increment ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Special Case

Length increment data from mark–recapture experiments are commonly used to obtain information on animal growth, assuming that tagging does not affect the growth of marked animals. The assumption is violated in many studies, but the effects of tagging on growth and estimates of growth parameters have not been and cannot be examined without appropriate models. This paper describes a model allowing quantification and estimation of the retarding effects of tagging on animal growth simultaneously with growth parameters in all existing growth models, reduction or elimination of biases in growth parameters induced by tagging, and relaxation of a key assumption in growth analysis using length increment data. A special case of this model was applied to simulated data and to tagging data from a centropomid perch (Lates calcarifer) to demonstrate its general utility. Tagging was inferred to have stopped the fish growth for 36.44 d (ASE = 12.70 d) if von Bertalanffy growth is assumed, but the period of recovery from tagging seemed size or age independent within the size range studied. If tagging retards animal growth, L∞ is slightly overestimated and K underestimated for unbiased data. Potential applications and limitations of the model are also discussed.

Are Growth Parameters Estimated from Tagging and Age–Length Data Comparable?

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. C. C. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Length Data ◽  
The Mean

The two most common ways of estimating fish growth use age–length data and tagging data. It is shown that growth parameters estimated from these two types of data have different meanings and thus are not directly comparable. In particular, the von Bertalanffy parameter l∞ means asymptotic mean length at age for age–length data, and maximum length for tagging data, when estimated by conventional methods. New parameterizations are given for the von Bertalanffy equation which avoid this ambiguity and better represent the growth information in the two types of data. The comparison between growth estimates from these data sets is shown to be equivalent to comparing the mean growth rate of fish of a given age with that of fish of length equal to the mean length at that age. How much these growth rates may differ in real populations remains unresolved: estimates for two species of fish produced markedly different results, neither of which could be reproduced using growth models. Existing growth models are shown to be inadequate to answer this question.

scholarly journals Nonlinear mixed-effects growth models: A tutorial using 'saemix' in R

Methodology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-270
Author(s):  
Peter Boedeker
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Starting Point

Modeling growth across repeated measures of individuals and evaluating predictors of growth can reveal developmental patterns and factors that affect those patterns. When growth follows a sigmoidal shape, the Logistic, Gompertz, and Richards nonlinear growth curves are plausible. These functions have parameters that specifically control the starting point, total growth, overall rate of change, and point of greatest growth. Variability in growth parameters across individuals can be explained by covariates in a mixed model framework. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide analysts a brief introduction to these growth curves and demonstrate their application. The 'saemix' package in R is used to fit models to simulated data to answer specific research questions. Enough code is provided in-text to describe how to execute the analyses with the complete code and data provided in Supplementary Materials.

scholarly journals Individual, spatial and inter-sex variation in somatic growth: a study of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a long-distance freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia da S. Lourenço ◽  
Rosa Maria R. da Costa ◽  
Patrícia L. Rondon ◽  
Lúcia A. F. Mateus
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus

ABSTRACT Growth is a fundamental biological process, driven by multiple endogenous (intra-individual) and exogenous (environmental) factors that maintain individual fitness and population stability. The current study aims to assess whether individual, spatial (headwaters and floodplains) and inter-sex variation occurs in the growth of Piaractus mesopotamicus in the Cuiabá River basin. Samples were collected monthly from July 2006 to July 2007, at two areas in the Cuiabá River basin (headwaters and floodplain). Three growth models (individuals; individuals and sex factors; individuals and areas factors) were developed and compared the fish growth parameters using Akaike information criterion (AIC). The best fit to the length-at-age data was obtained by a model that considered individual variation and sex. The theoretical maximum average length ( L∞ ) was 64.99 cm for females, and 63.23 cm for males. Females showed a growth rate (k) of 0.230 yr-1and males of 0.196 yr-1. Thus, could be concluded that individual variability and sex were the main sources of variation in P. mesopotamicus somatic growth parameters.

Microstructure of laser-irradiated, conducting Kapton polyimide

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan ◽  
Z. Ball ◽  
H. M. Phillips ◽  
R. Sauerbrey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Potential Applications

Ultraviolet laser-irradiation can be used to induce an insulator-to-conductor phase transition on the surface of Kapton polyimide. Such structures have potential applications as resistors or conductors for VLSI applications as well as general utility electrodes. Although the percolative nature of the phase transformation has been well-established, there has been little definitive work on the mechanism or extent of transformation. In particular, there has been considerable debate about whether or not the transition is primarily photothermal in nature, as we propose, or photochemical. In this study, cross-sectional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are utilized to characterize the nature of microstructural changes associated with the laser-induced pyrolysis of polyimide.Laser-modified polyimide samples initially 12 μm thick were prepared in cross-section by standard ultramicrotomy. Resulting contraction in parallel to the film surface has led to distortions in apparent magnification. The scale bars shown are calibrated for the direction normal to the film surface only.

Multifinality, equifinality, and fanning: Developmental concepts and statistical implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542110204
Author(s):  
Ben Hinnant ◽  
John Schulenberg ◽  
Justin Jager
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Developmental Window

Multifinality, equifinality, and fanning are important developmental concepts that emphasize understanding interindividual variability in trajectories over time. However, each concept implies that there are points in a developmental window where interindividual variability is more limited. We illustrate the multifinality concept under manipulations of variance in starting points, using both normal and zero-inflated simulated data. Results indicate that standardized estimates and effect sizes are inflated when predicting components of growth models with limited interindividual variance, which could lead to overinterpretation of the practical importance of findings. Conceptual implications are considered and recommendations are provided for evaluating developmental changes in common situations that researchers may encounter.

Application Research of Neural Expert System on Tree Growth Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3728-3731
Author(s):  
Wen Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting

In order to simulate growth and development process of tree, then provide services for production management and scientific research, all kinds of tree growth models are constructed. The paper firstly considers a variety of factors affecting the growth and development of tree, then studies artificial intelligence knowledge such as neural network and expert system, uses the neural expert system to solve the acquisition and management of tree growth parameters, and design and develop tree growth management and expert system based on growth models, the models combine morphogenesis model of tree and knowledge model to provide comprehensive environmental control and management decision-making. Practice has indicated that the growth models of tree can reflect the growth of trees under different physiological and ecological conditions, and visual effect is very good.

scholarly journals Growth Parameters for Films of Hydrothermally Synthesized One-Dimensional Nanocrystals of Zinc Oxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Mahmood ◽  
Sadaqat Jan ◽  
Ibrar A. Shah ◽  
Imran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Seeding Layer ◽  
Potential Applications

Zinc oxide has been the focus of material research due to its potential applications in a variety of novel fields. The material exhibits anisotropic growth in the form of single crystal rods/wires of length in microns and thickness in several tens of nanometers through a facile and low temperature hydrothermal route wherein size, morphology, orientation, and growth rate are strongly dependent on a number of synthesis parameters. In this review article we intend to present/discuss the effects of important growth parameters of zinc oxide that have been reported in the literature. These parameters include concentration of the precursor solution, growth time, role of hexamine, synthesis temperature, pH of the precursor, and seeding layer deposited on a substrate.

scholarly journals Growth prediction for rubber tree and intercropped forest trees to facilitate environmental services valuation in South Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narun Nattharom ◽  
SAOWALAK ROONGTAWANREONGSRI ◽  
SARA BUMRUNGSRI
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Growth Prediction ◽  
Dipterocarpus Alatus ◽  
Set Of Points

Abstract. Nattharom N, Roongtawanreongsri S, Bumrungsri S. 2020. Growth prediction for rubber trees and intercropped forest trees to facilitate environmental services valuation in South Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 2019-2034.  Tree growth parameters are necessary for valuing ecological services of trees in both natural forest and agroforest. These parameters are difficult to measure annually, and thus often lack the information needed in valuation. This study aimed to use regression analysis to create growth models for diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (TH), and merchantable height (MH) of Hevea brasiliensis Mull-Arg. (rubber tree) and five economic forest trees that are preferred by rubber farmers for intercropping, including Hopea odorata Roxb., Shorea roxburghii G.Don., Swietenia macrophylla King., Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb., and Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs. Data were collected from 39 rubber plantations that contain rubber trees and the intercropped tree species at different ages in three provinces in South Thailand. The data were modelled using regression analysis with curve fitting to find the best-fitted curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals and standard error of the regression of the points from the curve. The results arrived at 21 models for the DBH, TH, and MH growth of rubber and the intercropped trees, in the forms of, power, sigmoid and exponential trends that vary according to the type of trees. The models can be used to predict tree growth parameters, which are useful for determining the value of ecosystem services such as carbon dioxide sequestration, oxygen production, and timber production.

scholarly journals Growth Performance of the Mudfish, Clarias anguillaris (Pellegrin, 1923) in Treated and Untreated Domestic Sewage

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Agatha A Nwabueze
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
State University ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Stock Tank

<p>Growth of the mudfish, <em>Clarias anguillaris</em> in of treated and untreated domestic sewage was investigated. Six weeks old fingerlings obtained from Delta State University, Asaba Campus Research Farm were used and the study lasted for 14 weeks. Fingerlings were kept in stock tank containing 10, 000 cm<sup>3 </sup>bore hole water and allowed to acclimate for two weeks. The stock tank was well aerated and fingerlings fed twice daily at the rate of 4% body weight with poultry mash in a daily renewal static bioassay system. The stock (0%- control) was then diluted with bole hole water serially to give 25, 50, 75 % strength of the treated and untreated domestic sewage and 100 % into which 10 fingerlings each were introduced. Weekly measurement of growth parameters of fish total length and weight were taken. The condition factor (k) was calculated. Increase in fish total length and weight in control, treated and untreated domestic sewage was observed. Growth of fish was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in the treated domestic sewage than in the untreated. There was no significant (P&gt;0.05) difference in total length of fish in all concentrations of treated domestic sewage as compared with controls. However, fish in 100% concentration of domestic sewage had a slower increase in total length than fish in other treated concentrations. Weight gain in <em>C. anguillaris</em> was higher in the 50% but not significantly (P&gt;0.05) higher than other concentrations of treated domestic sewage. The increase in fish weight in the untreated domestic sewage was not significantly (P&gt;0.05) different in all the treatments but was significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower than that of fish in the control. Condition factor of <em>C. anguillaris </em>in both the treated and untreated domestic sewage varied and decreased except for fish in 100% treated domestic sewage which was observed to have an increase in the value of the condition factor from 3.76g cm<sup>-3</sup> to 4.73g cm<sup>-3</sup>. Untreated domestic sewage water showed a higher turbidity, biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D), alkalinity and nitrate composition of than treated sewage which had higher oxygen content and was clearer in appearance than the untreated. Microbial analysis shows the presence of <em>Escherichia fecalis, Streptococcus fecalis </em>and<em> Enterococcus fecalis </em>in untreated sewage with ciliated protozoans in both treated and untreated sewage. This study has shown that treated domestic sewage is best for healthy fish growth with reduced risk of transfer of pathogens.</p>

scholarly journals A Bayesian hierarchical approach to estimate growth parameters from length data of narrow spread

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-623
Author(s):  
Shijie Zhou ◽  
Sarah Martin ◽  
Dan Fu ◽  
Rishi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Gear Selectivity ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Longtail Tuna ◽  
Length Frequency Data

Abstract Estimating fish growth from length frequency data is challenging. There is often a lack of clearly separated modes and modal progression in the length samples due to a combination of factors, including gear selectivity, slowing growth with increasing age, and spatial segregation of different year classes. In this study, we present an innovative Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) that enables growth to be estimated where there are few distinguishable length modes in the samples. We analyse and identify the modes in multiple length frequency strata using a multinormal mixture model and then integrate the modes and associated variances into the BHM to estimate von Bertalanffy growth parameters. The hierarchical approach allows the parameters to be estimated at regional levels, where they are assumed to represent subpopulations, as well as at species level for the whole stock. We carry out simulations to validate the method and then demonstrate its application to Indian Ocean longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol). The results show that the estimates are generally consistent with the range of estimates reported in the literature, but with less uncertainty. The BHM can be useful for deriving growth parameters for other species even if the length data contain few age classes and do not exhibit modal progression.

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