Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in Vigna Savi germplasm revealed by DNA amplification fingerprinting

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Simon ◽  
A.-M. Benko-Iseppon ◽  
L.V. Resende ◽  
P. Winter ◽  
G. Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Few Data

The pantropical genus Vigna (Leguminosae) comprises 7 cultivated species that are adapted to a wide range of extreme agroclimatic conditions. Few data are available on the relationships among these cultivated species or on their importance as sources of resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, we optimized DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) to estimate the genetic diversity within, and genetic relationships among, a representative core collection of cowpea, as compared with 16 accessions representing cultivars from 6 Vigna species. A set of 26 primers was selected from 262 tested random primers and used for the characterization of 85 Vigna accessions (6 V. angularis , 4 each of V. mungo and V. radiata , 2 V. umbellata , 1 V. aconitifolia , and 68 V. unguiculata ), with Phaseolus vulgaris subsp. vulgaris as outgroup. A total of 212 polymorphic bands were used for maximum parsimony analysis. Our results clearly distinguished Brazilian from African V. unguiculata genotypes. At the species level, V. angularis was the most related and V. radiata the most divergent species relative to V. unguiculata. DAF markers were also informative at the intraspecific level, detecting a large diversity between cowpea cultivars. The implications of the presented results for cowpea breeding programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Application of Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism Markers for Characterization of Turfgrass Species

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Budak ◽  
R.C. Shearman ◽  
R.E. Gaussoin ◽  
I. Dweikat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Srap Markers ◽  
Phenetic Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Relationship

A simple marker technique called sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) provides a useful tool for estimation of genetic diversity and phenetic relationships in natural and domesticated populations. Previous studies and our initial screen showed SRAP is highly polymorphic and more informative when compared to AFLP, RAPD and SSR markers. In this study, applicability of the SRAP markers to obtain an overview of genetic diversity and phenetic relationships present among cool-season (C3) and warm-season (C4) turfgrass species and their relationship with other Gramineae species were tested. Phenetic trees based on genetic similarities (UPGMA, N-J) were consistent with known taxonomic relationships. In some cases, well-supported relationships as well as evidence by genetic reticulation could be inferred. There was widespread genetic variation among C3 and C4 turfgrass species. In Dice based cophenetic matrix, genetic similarities among all species studied ranged from 0.08 to 0.94, whereas in Jaccard based cophenetic matrix, genetic similarities ranged from 0.05 to 0.85. C3 and C4 species were clearly distinguishable and a close relationship between italian ryegrass and tall fescue were obtained based on SRAP. Genome structures of turfgrasses are comparable to other Gramineae species. This research indicates that the SRAP markers are useful for estimating genetic relationships in a wide range of turfgrass species. The SRAP markers identified in this study can provide a useful reference for future turfgrass breeding efforts.

Utilisation of wild Cicer in chickpea improvement — progress, constraints, and prospects

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Croser ◽  
F. Ahmad ◽  
H. J. Clarke ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cicer Species ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Wild Cicer Species ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Primary Focus

Efforts to improve the yield and quality of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) are constrained by a low level of intraspecific genetic diversity. Increased genetic diversity can be achieved via the hybridisation of the cultivated species with the unimproved 'wild' relatives from within the 43 species of the Cicer genus. To date, the 8 species sharing an annual growth habit and chromosome number with C. arietinum have been the primary focus of screening and introgression efforts. Screening of these species has uncovered morphological characteristics and resistance to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses that are of potential value to chickpea improvement programs. Detailed analysis of protein and DNA, karyotyping, and crossability studies have begun to elucidate the relationships between the annual Cicer species. In comparison, perennial species have received little attention due to difficulties in collection, propagation, and evaluation. This review discusses the progress towards an understanding of genetic relationships between the Cicer species, and the introgression of genes from the wild Cicer species into the cultivated species.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity in Indian Barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp. complex) using morphological and molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Moharil ◽  
Dipti Gawai ◽  
N. Dikshit ◽  
M.S. Dudhare ◽  
P. V. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
High Degree

In the present study, morphological and molecular markers (RAPD primers) were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 21 accessions of Echinochloa spp. complex comprising the wild and cultivated species collected from Melghat and adjoining regions of Vidarbha, Maharashtra. The availability of diverse genetic resources is a prerequisite for genetic improvement of any crop including barnyard millet. A high degree of molecular diversity among the landraces was detected. Among the 21 genotypes, two major groups (A and B) were formed, at 67.28 % similarity, which clearly encompasses 15 accessions of E. frumentacea and 6 accessions of E. colona. Higher similarity was observed in accessions of E. frumentacea. The accessions IC 597322 and IC 597323 also IC 597302 and IC 597304 showed more than 94% similarity among themselves. The classification of genetic diversity has enabled clear-cut grouping of barnyard millet accessions into two morphological races (E. frumentacea and E. colona).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the genetic variability in bamboo using RAPD markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nayak ◽  
G.R. Rout ◽  
P. Das
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Bambusa Ventricosa ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering. Identification and genetic relationships in 12 species of bamboo were investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using thirty 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish 12 species and to select a reduced set of primers. The selected primers were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of one hundred thirty seven distinct polymorphic DNA fragments (bands), ranging from 0.4–3.3 kb were amplified by using 10 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on presence or absence of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters belonging to 12 species of bamboo. Two major clusters were further divided into three minor clusters. The species of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa vulgaris var. striata were the most closely related and formed the first minor cluster along with Bambusa ventricosa. The variety of Bambusa multiplex var. Silver stripe and Bambusa multiplex were very closely related and there was no variation with Bambusa ventricosa. Another minor cluster was obtained between Bambusa arundinacea, Cephalostachyum pergracil and Bambusa balcooa. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships between taxa and species of bamboo for breeding program.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Cleveland Bay Horse Breed

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanshour ◽  
Hempsey ◽  
Juras ◽  
Cothran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
The Usa

The Cleveland Bay (CB) is the United Kingdom’s oldest established horse breed. In this study we analyzed the genetic variability in CB horses and investigated its genetic relationships with other horse breeds. We examined the genetic variability among 90 CB horses sampled in the USA compared to a total of 3447 horses from 59 other breeds. Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure was carried out using 15 microsatellite loci. We found that genetic diversity in CB horses was less than that for the majority of other tested breeds. The genetic similarity measures showed no direct relationship between the CB and Thoroughbred but suggested the Turkman horses (likely in the lineage of ancestors of the Thoroughbred) as a possible ancestor. Our findings reveal the genetic uniqueness of the CB breed and indicate its need to be preserved as a genetic resource.

Tubulin-based polymorphism (TBP): a new tool, based on functionally relevant sequences, to assess genetic diversity in plant species

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Bardini ◽  
David Lee ◽  
Paolo Donini ◽  
Anna Mariani ◽  
Silvia Gianì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Genome Origins ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Β Tubulin

TBP (tubulin-based polymorphism) is a new molecular marker based tool that relies on the presence of intron-specific DNA polymorphisms of the plant β-tubulin gene family. The multifunctional and essential role of the tubulin proteins is reflected in the conservation of regions within their primary amino acid sequence. The ubiquitous nature of this gene family can be exploited using primers that amplify the first intron of different β-tubulin isotypes, revealing specific fingerprints. The method is rapid, simple, and reliable and does not require preliminary sequence information of the plant genome of interest. The ability of TBP to discriminate between accessions and species in oilseed rape, coffee, and lotus is shown. In all cases, TBP was able to detect specific genetic polymorphisms in the context of a simplified and readily appreciable pattern of DNA amplification. The application of TBP for assessing genetic diversity and genome origins in disseminated plant landraces rather than in highly inbred cultivated species is also discussed.Key words: β-tubulin, Brassica napus, Coffea, Lotus, SSRs.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of three European Veratrum species revealed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szeliga ◽  
Joanna Ciura ◽  
Mirosław Tyrka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Veratrum Album ◽  
Metabolic Properties

Abstract Chemical and genetic characterization of Veratrum species deposited in European collections is important for genepool preservation and identification of populations with desired metabolic properties. Veratrum album, V. lobelianum and V. nigrum are native to Europe, and in Poland are ranked as rare or threatened. Genetic variation of European Veratrum species was characterized by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The accumulation of jervine as a representative of steroidal alkaloids was measured in seeds. Distribution of 380 markers generated from eight primer combinations was useful for studying genetic relationships among and within species in the Veratrum genus and the most divergent populations were identified. Genetic variation between 12 populations of Veratrum species supports the classification of V. lobelianum as a subspecies of V. album. However, the results need further validation on extended material. A higher genetic diversity (22.3%) was observed between populations of V. nigrum as compared to V. album (14.5%). Contents of jervine allowed for discrimination of the studied Veratrum species and can be used as a potential chemotaxonomic marker. The highest jervine levels were found in V. album. V. nigrum seeds had only trace amounts and no jervine was detected in seeds of V. lobelianum.

Genomic characterization of three Vietnamese indigenous chicken varieties using mitochondrial D-loop sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-839
Author(s):  
Son Quang Do ◽  
Lan Thi Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Thinh Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Trung Quoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Red Junglefowl ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Genomic Characterization

In this study, partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences of three Vietnamese indigenous chicken varieties, including Mong Tien Phong, To, and Sau Ngon, were analyzed to access genetic diversity and the maternal lineages of origin. A 525 bp fragment of the mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced from a total of 61 chickens of the three varieties. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was assembled from the haplotypes obtained and reference sequences of mtDNA D-loop sequences of Red Junglefowl and domestic chickens from National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Genetic diversity indices and analysis of molecular variance were performed. Evaluation of genetic relationships between the three varieties was carried out with pairwise fixation index (FST). In total, 16 haplotypes were identified in the chickens studied. These haplotypes were classified in three haplogroups (A, B, and E) with the majority grouped in haplogroup B and haplogroup E. All three chicken varieties studied were distributed into 2–3 haplogroups and all three haplogroups found in this study are also represented by Red Junglefowl. In conclusion, all three Vietnamese indigenous chicken varieties have likely originated from multiple maternal lineages and potentially descended from the Red Junglefowl.

Collection and characterization of maize and upland rice populations cropped by poor farmers in the uplands of Panama's Azuero region

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
B. E. Love ◽  
S. Dreisigacker ◽  
D. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Modern Varieties

The conservation of crop genetic resources is an international priority and requires the continued collection and characterization of farmer varieties. We collected and characterized maize and upland rice populations cropped by farmers in Panama's Azuero region. The objective of our study was to evaluate the crop genetic diversity of farmer varieties of maize and upland rice grown by poor farmers in Panama. We found that: (1) farmers' naming practices only partially corresponded to genetic relationships and were the strongest for rice populations; (2) farmers' classification of populations as ‘modern’ or ‘traditional’ was reflected in phenotypic differences; (3) Panamanian maize populations were molecularly distinct from populations collected elsewhere in Latin America; and (4) heterogeneous rice populations were common and heterogeneity was often due to admixture of recognized farmer varieties. Our results indicate that poor farmers in Panama continue to farm ‘traditional’ varieties that harbour genetic diversity of interest. There has, however, been substantial adoption of ‘modern’ varieties.

scholarly journals Southern Blight (Sclerotium rolfsiiSacc.) of Cowpea: Genetic Characterization of Two Sources of Resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
Philip D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Segregation Data ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Dominant Genes

Field studies were conducted to characterize the genetic nature of resistance to southern blight (caused bySclerotium rolfsiiSacc.) exhibited by the cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] cultivars Carolina Cream and Brown Crowder and to determine if a genetic relationship exists for this resistance between the two cultivars. Examination of the comparative frequency distributions of the parental and progeny populations of the “Carolina Cream” x “Magnolia Blackeye” and “Brown Crowder” x “Magnolia Blackeye” crosses and the corresponding segregation data indicates that the southern blight resistances exhibited by “Carolina Cream” and “Brown Crowder” are conditioned by single dominant genes. Examination of the segregation data from the parental and progeny populations of the “Carolina Cream” x “Brown Crowder” cross suggests that the two resistance genes are not allelic. The availability of each of the resistance genes in cultivar-type genetic backgrounds should allow for rapid incorporation of southern blight resistance genes into other cowpea cultivars by the application of conventional plant breeding methodologies.

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