Quantitative genetic studies in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). III. Inheritance of phenolic constituents

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-597
Author(s):  
Radhey S. Pandeya ◽  
William A. Court ◽  
Greg Poushinsky ◽  
Victor A. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Graphic Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Constituents

Genetic analyses of major phenolic constituents of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), utilizing Griffing's method II model II and Hayman's Wr–Vr graphic analysis on a five-parent diallel set excluding reciprocals, were conducted in a replicated randomized block design over a 2-year period at the Delhi Research Station. The ANOVA for general and specific combining ability and Wr–Vr graphic analysis indicated genetic control for these phenolics. Additive genetic variance was the predominant contributor in the expression of chlorogenic acid and its isomers, scopoletin, scopolin, and rutin; dominance where present was in the partial dominance range. The role of nonallelic interaction was negligible for all variables except scopoletin and rutin. Tannins consisting of chlorogenic acid and its isomers were under dominant gene control, while the coumarins, scopoletin, and scopolin, and the flavonoid rutin were under recessive gene control. A considerable degree of positive pleiotropic effect was exhibited by all phenolic constituents except scopoletin where negative correlations were prevalent. Breeding procedure and choice of parents are discussed in manipulating pheolics.Key words: quantitative genetics, tobacco, Nicotiana, phenolics.

scholarly journals Gene Action Studies in the Inheritance of Yield and Quality Attributing Traits in Diallel Cross of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
V. J. Zapadiya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Genetic Components

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the 45 F1 hybrids derived from 10×10 half diallel fashion along with ten parents and one standard check GN.Cot.Hy-14 were sown in randomized block design with three replications during kharif -2017 at Cotton Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The genetic components of variation were determined for 12 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 50% boll opening, plant height (cm), number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g), ginning percentage (%), seed index (g), lint index (g) and oil percentage (%).The estimate of the components of variation revealed significant results for both additive (D) as well as dominance effects (H1 and H2) for all the characters except plant height non-significant H2 component, but in majority of traits (except plant height, lint index) H1 was higher than D indicating dominance components were important in the inheritance of seed cotton yield and its components. The average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 was found to be more than unity for all the traits (except plant height, number of monopodia per plant and lint index indicating partial dominance) indicating over dominance. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in the parents was observed for all the traits. High estimates of heritability in narrow sense was observed for days to 50% flowering, days to 50 % boll bursting, number of monopodia per plant, ginning percentage (%), lint index (g) and oil content (%) suggesting that selection based on these attribute would lead to rapid improvement. Due to preponderance of non-additive gene effects of seed cotton yield per plant and most of its component traits, heterosis breeding would also be practically feasible in cotton.

scholarly journals Management of phosphorus and potassium in bidi tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under rainfed conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 420-424
Author(s):  
S. JAFFAR BASHA
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Available N ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Bidi Tobacco

A field experiment was undertaken at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh for four consecutive seasons from 2015-16 to 2018-19 on Vertisols under rainfed condition to find out the economics and management of phosphorus and potassium in bidi tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for higher cured leaf yield and quality. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 8 treatments and replicated thrice. The data pooled over four seasons revealed that significantly higher leaf length (42.8 cm) and leaf width (17.3 cm) was recorded with 100% RDF (110 kg N + 70 kg P2O5+ 50 kg K2O ha-1) every year. Significantly higher cured leaf yield (1551 kg ha-1) and net returns (Rs 63,375 ha-1) were recorded with application of 110 kg N + 70 kg P2O5+ 50 kg K2O ha-1every year and on par with 100% RDN (110 kg N ha-1) +PK (70 kg P2O5+ 50 kg K2O ha-1) once in two years (1408 kg ha-1and net returns of Rs 59,275 ha-1). Leaf chemical constituents namely nicotine, reducing sugars and chlorides did not differ significantly due to different treatments and were in permissible limit. Post harvest soil analysis indicated that soil available N, P2O5 and K2O differed significantly due to different treatments and maximum amounts of available N (158.9 kg ha-1), available P2O5 (56.3 kg ha-1) and available K2O (537.3 kg ha-1) were recorded under treatment T5, T3 and T5, respectively. Soil pH and EC values were not affected significantly with the various treatments.

Quantitative genetic studies in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). II. Certain physical and chemical characters

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Pandeya ◽  
V. A. Dirks ◽  
G. Poushinsky ◽  
B. F. Zilkey
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Genetic analyses of flue-cured tobacco leaf physical characteristics (percent lamina, lamina weight, and filling value) and chemical characteristics (percent total alkaloids, reducing sugars, nitrogen, ash, and cellulose) were conducted on a five parent diallel set (excluding reciprocals) evaluated at the Delhi Research Station in a randomized block design over a 2-year period. The ANOVA indicated that there was variance associated with the genetic source for all characteristics except filling value. Griffing's analysis for variances owing to general and specific combining abilities suggested additive genetic variance as the main source of genetic variation. Variances owing to specific combining ability for all traits were exceeded by the variance of the estimates indicating dominance to be of no major consequence in the expression of these physical and chemical traits. Total alkaloids and percent nitrogen expressed maximum heritability, and Wr–Vr graphs supported the conclusions. Parental diversity was evident from the scatter of array points and graphic analysis also indicated lack of dominance. Examination of pleiotropic effects revealed that traits related positively with alkaloids and nitrogen were negatively correlated with carbohydrate fractions such as reducing sugars and cellulose.Key words: tobacco, heritability, dominance, additive effects.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Infected Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
Egbert W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Basal Septum ◽  
Concentration Levels

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection has been studied in several investigations of Nicotiana tabacum leaf tissue. Earlier studies have suggested that TMV infection does not have precise infective selectivity vs. specific types of tissues. Also, such tissue conditions as vein banding, vein clearing, liquification and suberization may result from causes other than direct TMV infection. At the present time, it is thought that the plasmodesmata, ectodesmata and perhaps the plasmodesmata of the basal septum may represent the actual or more precise sites of TMV infection.TMV infection has been implicated in elevated levels of oxidative metabolism; also, TMV infection may have a major role in host resistance vs. concentration levels of phenolic-type enzymes. Therefore, enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalamine ammonia-lyase may show an increase in activity in response to TMV infection. It has been reported that TMV infection may cause a decrease in o-dihydric phenols (chlorogenic acid) in some tissues.

Effect of Integration of Fertilizers and FYM on Productivity and Soil Health of Rainfed Potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
A. K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
T. K. BAG
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers

A field trial was conducted during two consecutive summer seasons of2012 and 2013 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Shillong, Meghalaya to evaluate the integration of nutrient sources on productivity and soil health under rainfed potato cultivation in north eastern hill region of India. There were six treatments of integrated nutrient management viz., 100% Recommended dose of fertilizers,75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers and 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through FYM, 50% RDF and 50% RDN through FYM, 25% RDF and 75% RDN through FYM, 100% RDN through FYM and control (no application of any sources of nutrients). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Nutrient management practices showed the significant improvement on growth and yield attributes of potato over control plot. Highest productivity of potato tubers (t/ha) was noticed with application of 75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers along with 25% RDN through FYM. Similarly, the maximum net return was associated with application of 75% RDF and 25% RDN through FYM under investigation. Application of 75% Recommended dose of nutrients through synthetic fertilizers in combination with 25% Recommended dose of nitrogen through FYM was more profitable for sustainable production of potato in the north eastern hill region of India.

Nitrogen Requirement of Potato for Eastern Indo-Gangatic Plain of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
R. K. SINGH ◽  
V. K. DUA ◽  
S SINGH ◽  
SARALA YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference

A field experiment was carried out during 2015-16 and 2016-17 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Patna, Bihar, in randomized block design with four replications with objective to quantity the optimum requirement of nitrogen to potato crop. Significantly the highest plant height was recorded with nitrogen level of 300 kg/ha. Distributions of the smallest size of tuber yield of potato were decreasing with increasing the level of nitrogen. There was about 26.0% more yield of the smallest size tuber of potato was recorded with zero nitrogen as compare to the highest level of nitrogen i.e. 300 kg/ha. Increasing the nitrogen over the level of 150 to 225 kg per hectare, increasing the yield of tuber gradually slower rate than nitrogen level from 0 to 150 kg/ha. Total and marketable tuber yield of potato were increasing significantly with increasing level of nitrogen up to 150 kg/ha. There was no significant difference in marketable tuber yield was found for nitrogen level between 150 and 225 kg/ha. Highest (1.66) net benefit cost ratio was also recorded with level of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha in potato. Hence, application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha was found statistically and economically more beneficial for potato cultivation in Eastern Indo-Gangatic plain of India.

scholarly journals Seed Yam Production Using High-Quality Minitubers Derived from Plants Established with Vine Cuttings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Beatrice Aighewi ◽  
Norbert Maroya ◽  
Lava Kumar ◽  
Morufat Balogun ◽  
Daniel Aihebhoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Set Up

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a valuable food security crop in West Africa, where 92% of the world production occurs. The availability of quality seed tubers for increased productivity is a major challenge. In this study, minitubers weighing 1, 3, and 5 g produced from virus-free single-node vine cuttings of two improved yam varieties (Asiedu and Kpamyo) growing in an aeroponics system were assessed for suitability in seed production at a population of 100,000 plants ha−1. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications was set up during the cropping seasons of 2017 to 2019 at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. Results showed field establishments of 87%–97.8%. Yields differed with minituber size, variety, and cropping season; the highest was 31.2 t ha−1 in 2019 and the lowest, 10 t ha−1 in 2018 from 5 and 1 g Kpamyo minitubers, respectively. The estimated number of tubers produced per hectare by 1, 3, and 5 g minitubers was 101,296, 112,592, and 130,555, with mean weights per stand of 159.2, 187.3, and 249.4 g, respectively. We recommend using less than 6 g minitubers for seed yam production due to their high multiplication rates.

scholarly journals Phenolic Constituents of Knautia arvensis Aerial Parts

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Moldoch ◽  
Barbara Szajwaj ◽  
Milena Masullo ◽  
Lukasz Pecio ◽  
Wieslaw Oleszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Flavone Glycoside ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
First Time

A new C-6 flavone glycoside (6), together with seven known compounds, cryptochlorogenic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), 2- O- trans-caffeoylhydrocitric acid (3), isovitexin 7-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 7,4′-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavone-6- C-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 3,5- O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (7) and 4,5- O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Knautia arvensis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D- (1H, 13C and TOCSY) and 2D-NMR (DQF-COSY, HSQC, HMBC) experiments, as well as ESIMS analysis. Compounds 1, 3-5 and 8 are reported for the first time in Knautia arvensis.

scholarly journals Anti-austeric Activity of Phenolic Constituents of Seeds of Arctium lappa

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Tezuka ◽  
Keiichi Yamamoto ◽  
Suresh Awale ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Satoshi Yomoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
F 14

From seeds of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) we obtained arctigenin (1), arctiin (2), chlorogenic acid (3), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (6), matairesinol (11), isolappaol A (12), lappaol F (14), and lappaol B (15), together with 1:1 mixtures of isolappaol C (7) and lappaol C (8), arctignan E (9) and arctignan D (10), and 12 and lappaol A (13), while 3,3′,4′-tri- O-demethylarctigenin (16), 3,3′-di- O-demethyl-4′-dehydroxyarctigenin (17), and 3- O-demethylarctigenin (18) were obtained by anaerobic microbiological metabolism of 1. Then, we evaluated the in vitro preferential cytotoxic activity of these pure compounds and 1:1 mixtures, together with enterodiol (19) and enterolactone (20), against human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM). Among them, 1 and 18 showed potent activity, with PC50 values of 1.75 and 4.38 μ M, respectively, while 11, 15, and 17 showed mild activity with PC50 values of 31.1, 30.9, and 38.7 μ/M, respectively. By comparing their structures and PC50 values, the following structural moieties could be concluded to be important for the preferential cytotoxicity of 1: 1) the 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl group at the 2-position on the γ-butyrolactone ring, 2) the less polar substituent at the 3-position on the γ-butyrolactone ring, and 3) the γ-butyrolactone ring.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Cover Crops on Light Extinction and Weed Coverage in Sunflower Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hassannejad ◽  
A.R. Mobli
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Cover

Abstract In order to evaluate the effects of some cover crops on extinction coefficient and weed cover percentage in sunflower, a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replicates at the Agricultural Research Station, Tabriz University of Iran, during growing season 2012-2013. Treatments were triticale, hairy vetch, rapeseed, triticale + hairy vetch, triticale + rapeseed, hairy vetch + rapeseed, application of trifluralin herbicide, and controls (weed infested and weed free without planting cover crop). Result indicated than once established, living mulches can rapidly occupy the open space between the rows of the main crop and use the light that would otherwise be available to weeds. In the all cover crops treatments, the light extinction coefficient was increased and weed cover percentage was reduced. Highest reduction in total weed species was observed in hairy vetch + rapeseed and triticale + rapeseed cover crop 61.92% and 61.43 %, respectively, compared to weed infested, so this treatment was better than trifluralin application. It concluded that cover crops could be considered as integrated strategies for weed sustainable management.

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