Development of DNA markers for Slmlo1.1, a new mutant allele of the powdery mildew resistance gene SlMlo1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daeun Kim ◽  
Bingkui Jin ◽  
Byoung Il Je ◽  
Youngmi Choi ◽  
Byung Sup Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Oidium Neolycopersici ◽  
Tomato Production

Reductions in growth and quality due to powdery mildew (PM) disease cause significant economic losses in tomato production. Oidium neolycopersici was identified as the fungal species responsible for tomato PM disease in South Korea in the present study, based on morphological and internal transcribed spacer DNA sequence analyses of PM samples collected from two remote regions (Muju and Miryang). The genes involved in resistance to this pathogen in the tomato accession ‘KNU-12’ (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) were evaluated, and the inheritance of PM resistance in ‘KNU-12’ was found to be conferred via simple Mendelian inheritance of a mutant allele of the PM susceptibility locus Ol-2 (SlMlo1). Full-length cDNA analysis of this newly identified mutant allele (Slmlo1.1) showed that a 1-bp deletion in its coding region led to a frameshift mutation possibly resulting in SlMlo1 loss-of-function. An alternatively spliced transcript of Slmlo1.1 was observed in the cDNA sequences of ‘KNU-12’, but its direct influence on PM resistance is unclear. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) and a high-resolution melting (HRM) marker were developed based on the 1-bp deletion in Slmlo1.1, and could be used for efficient marker-assisted selection (MAS) using ‘KNU-12’ as the source for durable and broad-spectrum resistance to PM.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance in a Central American Tomato Accession Is Caused by Loss of Mlo Function

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Bai ◽  
Stefano Pavan ◽  
Zheng Zheng ◽  
Nana F. Zappel ◽  
Anja Reinstädler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Candidate Gene Approach ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Oidium Neolycopersici ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Mildew Resistance

The resistant cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) line LC-95, derived from an accession collected in Ecuador, harbors a natural allele (ol-2) that confers broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance to powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici). As both the genetic and phytopathological characteristics of ol-2–mediated resistance are reminiscent of powdery mildew immunity conferred by loss-of-function mlo alleles in barley and Arabidopsis, we initiated a candidate-gene approach to clone Ol-2. A tomato Mlo gene (SlMlo1) with high sequence-relatedness to barley Mlo and Arabidopsis AtMLO2 mapped to the chromosomal region harboring the Ol-2 locus. Complementation experiments using transgenic tomato lines as well as virus-induced gene silencing assays suggested that loss of SlMlo1 function is responsible for powdery mildew resistance conferred by ol-2. In progeny of a cross between a resistant line bearing ol-2 and the susceptible tomato cultivar Moneymaker, a 19-bp deletion disrupting the SlMlo1 coding region cosegregated with resistance. This polymorphism results in a frameshift and, thus, a truncated nonfunctional SlMlo1 protein. Our findings reveal the second example of a natural mlo mutant that possibly arose post-domestication, suggesting that natural mlo alleles might be evolutionarily short-lived due to fitness costs related to loss of mlo function.

scholarly journals Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Tomato mlo Mutant from an EMS Mutagenized Micro-Tom Population

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Zhe Yan ◽  
Michela Appiano ◽  
Ageeth van Tuinen ◽  
Fien Meijer-Dekens ◽  
Danny Schipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Oidium Neolycopersici ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Coding Sequence

In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), there are at least three SlMLO (Mildew resistance Locus O) genes acting as susceptibility genes for the powdery mildew disease caused by Oidium neolycopersici, namely SlMLO1, SlMLO5 and SlMLO8. Of the three homologs, the SlMLO1 gene plays a major role since a natural mutant allele called ol-2 can almost completely prevent fungal penetration by formation of papillae. The ol-2 allele contains a 19-bp deletion in the coding sequence of the SlMLO1 gene, resulting in a premature stop codon within the second cytoplasmic loop of the predicted protein. In this study, we have developed a new genetic resource (M200) in the tomato cv. Micro-Tom genetic background by means of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The mutant M200 containing a novel allele (the m200 allele) of the tomato SlMLO1 gene showed profound resistance against powdery mildew with no fungal sporulation. Compared to the coding sequence of the SlMLO1 gene, the m200 allele carries a point mutation at T65A. The SNP results in a premature stop codon L22* located in the first transmembrane domain of the complete SlMLO1 protein. The length of the predicted protein is 21 amino acids, while the SlMLO1 full-length protein is 513 amino acids. A high-resolution melting (HRM) marker was developed to distinguish the mutated m200 allele from the SlMLO1 allele in backcross populations. The mutant allele conferred recessive resistance that was associated with papillae formation at fungal penetration sites of plant epidermal cells. A comprehensive list of known mlo mutations found in natural and artificial mutants is presented, which serves as a particularly valuable resource for powdery mildew resistance breeding.

scholarly journals Transgenic Expression of the Functional Fragment Hpa110-42 of the Harpin Protein Hpa1 Imparts Enhanced Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Defu Wang ◽  
Yajun Wang ◽  
Maoqiang Fu ◽  
Shuyuan Mu ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Rice Bacterial Blight ◽  
Harpin Protein ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Bacterial Blight Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Powdery mildew, one of devastating diseases of wheat worldwide, is caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici, a fungal species with constant population changes, which often poses challenges in disease management with host resistance. Transgenic approaches that utilize broad-spectrum resistance may limit changes of pathogen populations and contribute to effective control of the disease. The harpin protein Hpa1, produced by the rice bacterial blight pathogen, can induce resistance to bacterial blight and blast in rice. The fragment comprising residues 10 through 42 of Hpa1, Hpa110-42, is reportedly three- to eightfold more effective than the full-length protein. This study evaluated the transgenic expression of the Hpa110-42 gene for resistance to powdery mildew in wheat caused by E. graminis f. sp. tritici. Nine Hpa110-42 transgenic wheat lines were generated. The genomic integration of Hpa110-42 was confirmed, and expression of the transgene was detected at different levels in the individual transgenic lines. Following inoculation with the E. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate Egt15 in the greenhouse, five transgenic lines had significantly higher levels of resistance to powdery mildew compared with nontransformed plants. Thus, transgenic expression of Hpa110-42 conferred resistance to one isolate of E. graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals A Nonsense Variant in Hephaestin Like 1 (HEPHL1) Is Responsible for Congenital Hypotrichosis in Belted Galloway Cattle

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Thibaud Kuca ◽  
Brandy M. Marron ◽  
Joana G. P. Jacinto ◽  
Julia M. Paris ◽  
Christian Gerspach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Homozygosity Mapping ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Positional Candidate ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Genodermatosis such as hair disorders mostly follow a monogenic mode of inheritance. Congenital hypotrichosis (HY) belong to this group of disorders and is characterized by abnormally reduced hair since birth. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical phenotype of a breed-specific non-syndromic form of HY in Belted Galloway cattle and to identify the causative genetic variant for this recessive disorder. An affected calf born in Switzerland presented with multiple small to large areas of alopecia on the limbs and on the dorsal part of the head, neck, and back. A genome-wide association study using Swiss and US Belted Galloway cattle encompassing 12 cases and 61 controls revealed an association signal on chromosome 29. Homozygosity mapping in a subset of cases refined the HY locus to a 1.5 Mb critical interval and subsequent Sanger sequencing of protein-coding exons of positional candidate genes revealed a stop gain variant in the HEPHL1 gene that encodes a multi-copper ferroxidase protein so-called hephaestin like 1 (c.1684A>T; p.Lys562*). A perfect concordance between the homozygous presence of this most likely pathogenic loss-of-function variant and the HY phenotype was found. Genotyping of more than 700 purebred Swiss and US Belted Galloway cattle showed the global spread of the mutation. This study provides a molecular test that will permit the avoidance of risk matings by systematic genotyping of relevant breeding animals. This rare recessive HEPHL1-related form of hypotrichosis provides a novel large animal model for similar human conditions. The results have been incorporated in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database (OMIA 002230-9913).

scholarly journals Non-coding region variants upstream of MEF2C cause severe developmental disorder through three distinct loss-of-function mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline F. Wright ◽  
Nicholas M. Quaife ◽  
Laura Ramos-Hernández ◽  
Petr Danecek ◽  
Matteo P. Ferla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Coding Region

scholarly journals Formation of Conidial Pseudochains by Tomato Powdery Mildew Oidium neolycopersici

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Oichi ◽  
Y. Matsuda ◽  
T. Nonomura ◽  
H. Toyoda ◽  
L. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Oidium Neolycopersici ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Tomato Powdery Mildew ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Weak Wind ◽  
Generative Cells

The formation of conidial pseudochains by the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici on tomato leaves was monitored using a high-fidelity digital microscope. Individual living conidiophores that formed mature conidial cells at their apex were selected for observation. The conidial cells were produced during repeated division and elongation by the generative cells of the conidiophores. Under weak wind conditions (0.1 m/s), these conidial cells did not separate from each other to produce a chain of conidial cells (pseudochain). The pseudochains dropped from the conidiophores once four conidial cells were connected. The conidiophores resumed conidium production, followed by another cycle of pseudochain formation. The formation of pseudochains by tomato powdery mildew was not influenced by the ambient relative humidity. On the other hand, the conidial cells produced were easily wind dispersed without forming pseudochains when conidiophores were exposed to stronger winds (1.0 m/s). The present study successfully demonstrated that the pathogen required wind to disperse progeny conidia from the conidiophores and produced conidial pseudochains when the wind was below a critical level, independent of high relative humidity as reported previously.

scholarly journals Alternaria spp. IN FOODS: MYCOTOXINS, CELLULAR DAMAGE AND POSSIBLE HEALTH RISK

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
F. P. de ANDRADE JUNIOR ◽  
T. W. B. ALVES ◽  
M. H. P. de LIRA ◽  
M. E. da S. MENEZES ◽  
I. O. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Teratogenic Action ◽  
Species Being

The genus Alternaria is composed of filamentous, dematiaceous, saprophytic and pathogenic fungal species, being responsible for great economic losses during the harvest and food storage. The present study aimed to do a bibliographical survey about the main foods contaminated by Alternaria spp. as well as discuss possible health risks arising from cell damage caused by mycotoxins. It is a literature narrative type review, carried out using Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo and Science Direct databases, utilizing documents published between years 2000 and 2017 approaching food contamination by Alternaria spp. A wide diversity of foods contaminated by species of the genus Alternaria was found in literature, with a greater emphasis on cereals, fruits and vegetables. This possible contamination may favor the development of mycotoxins that in their great majority present genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, cytotoxic and teratogenic action. However, due to a large variety of contaminated foods, that is a necessity to adapt Brazilian legislation regarding parameters that impose limits on the amount of mycotoxins produced by Alternaria spp. since the national legislation does not encompass limits for all types of toxins that this genus is capable of producing.

Distribution and incidence of tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in the central region of Togo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bitang Bamazi ◽  
Agnassim Banito ◽  
K. D. Ayisah ◽  
Rachidatou Sikirou ◽  
Mathews Paret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables in Togo. Unfortunately, tomatoes are susceptible to many diseases, among which bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes major yield losses. In this study, incidence of bacterial wilt and its distribution was evaluated in the central region of Togo, the major tomato producing area in the country. Overall, 16 localities were surveyed in four prefectures. In each locality, three fields were visited, and the incidence of the disease was recorded, and diseased samples were collected for laboratory investigation. The results showed that bacterial wilt occurred in all the fields visited, indicating a field incidence of 100%, whereas the plant incidence ranged from 10.00±00% to 43.33±3.33%, with an average of 20.94±1.77%. The antibody based Immunostrip test was positive for R. solanacearum in 100% of the visited fields. From 144 samples collected from fields, 45 R. solanacearum isolates were isolated on Modified SMSA media. This survey results show that tomato bacterial wilt is a real threat to tomato production in the central region of Togo.

scholarly journals Identification and functional characterization of new missense SNPs in the coding region of the TP53 gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Doffe ◽  
Vincent Carbonnier ◽  
Manon Tissier ◽  
Bernard Leroy ◽  
Isabelle Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Variant Calling ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Rare Genetic Variants

AbstractInfrequent and rare genetic variants in the human population vastly outnumber common ones. Although they may contribute significantly to the genetic basis of a disease, these seldom-encountered variants may also be miss-identified as pathogenic if no correct references are available. Somatic and germline TP53 variants are associated with multiple neoplastic diseases, and thus have come to serve as a paradigm for genetic analyses in this setting. We searched 14 independent, globally distributed datasets and recovered TP53 SNPs from 202,767 cancer-free individuals. In our analyses, 19 new missense TP53 SNPs, including five novel variants specific to the Asian population, were recurrently identified in multiple datasets. Using a combination of in silico, functional, structural, and genetic approaches, we showed that none of these variants displayed loss of function compared to the normal TP53 gene. In addition, classification using ACMG criteria suggested that they are all benign. Considered together, our data reveal that the TP53 coding region shows far more polymorphism than previously thought and present high ethnic diversity. They furthermore underline the importance of correctly assessing novel variants in all variant-calling pipelines associated with genetic diagnoses for cancer.

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