Effects of exercise combined with caloric restriction on inflammatory cytokines

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Reed ◽  
Mary Jane De Souza ◽  
Nancy I. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, as well as certain types of cancers. It has been suggested that circulating biomarkers for inflammation may be modified by exercise; however, few laboratory-based studies have been conducted in nonobese premenopausal women. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of a 4-month exercise training and caloric-restriction intervention with the goal of weight loss on circulating biomarkers of inflammation in sedentary premenopausal women aged 25–40 years (weight, 57 ± 2 kg). Subjects were studied for 6 consecutive menstrual cycles: 1 Screening, 1 Baseline, then 4 interventions (Interventions 1–4). Supervised aerobic training, consisting primarily of treadmill running and elliptical machine exercise, was performed 4 times per week for 40–90 min at 79% ± 0.7% of maximal heart rate. Subjects also consumed 30% fewer calories vs. baseline (1863 ± 58 to 1428 ± 53 kcal·day–1 (1 kcal = 4.186 kJ), p < 0.0001). Circulating inflammatory biomarkers, including adiponectin, high-sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and leptin, as well as body composition, aerobic capacity, and energy balance, were measured before and after the intervention. Maximal aerobic capacity increased by 8.5 ± 1.7 mL·kg–1·min–1 (p < 0.001) and body mass declined by an average of 3.7 ± 0.5 kg (p < 0.001). Significant reductions in IL-6 (0.39 ± 0.04 to 0.30 ± 0.03 pg·mL–1, p = 0.025), IFN-γ (0.58 ± 0.83 to 0.42 ± 0.64 pg·mL–1, p = 0.030), and leptin (13.18 ± 1.28 to 6.28 ± 0.71 pg·mL–1, p < 0.001) were detected in response to the intervention. No significant changes in adiponectin, hs-CRP, or TNF-α were found. Weight loss in response to exercise training and caloric restriction is effective in reducing inflammatory markers, specifically IL-6 and leptin.

scholarly journals Lower extremity muscle size and strength and aerobic capacity decrease with caloric restriction but not with exercise-induced weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Karen Steger-May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced

Caloric restriction (CR) results in fat loss; however, it may also result in loss of muscle and thereby reduce strength and aerobic capacity (V̇o2 max). These effects may not occur with exercise-induced weight loss (EX) because of the anabolic effects of exercise on heart and skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that CR reduces muscle size and strength and V̇o2 max, whereas EX preserves or improves these parameters. Healthy 50- to 60-yr-old men and women (body mass index of 23.5–29.9 kg/m2) were studied before and after 12 mo of weight loss by CR ( n = 18) or EX ( n = 16). Lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, thigh muscle volume by MRI, isometric and isokinetic knee flexor strength by dynamometry, and treadmill V̇o2 max by indirect calorimetry. Both interventions caused significant decreases in body weight (CR: −10.7 ± 1.4%, EX: −9.5 ± 1.5%) and lean mass (CR: −3.5 ± 0.7%, EX: −2.2 ± 0.8%), with no significant differences between groups. Significant decreases in thigh muscle volume (−6.9 ± 0.8%) and composite knee flexion strength (−7.2 ± 3%) occurred in the CR group only. Absolute V̇o2 max decreased significantly in the CR group (−6.8 ± 2.3%), whereas the EX group had significant increases in both absolute (+15.5 ± 2.4%) and relative (+28.3 ± 3.0%) V̇o2 max. These data provide evidence that muscle mass and absolute physical work capacity decrease in response to 12 mo of CR but not in response to a similar weight loss induced by exercise. These findings suggest that, during EX, the body adapts to maintain or even enhance physical performance capacity.

scholarly journals Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Containing the F Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Confers Protection without Pulmonary Disease by Modulating Specific Subsets of Dendritic Cells and Effector T Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (22) ◽  
pp. 11692-11705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Hye Kim ◽  
Young-Tae Lee ◽  
Hye Suk Hwang ◽  
Young-Man Kwon ◽  
Min-Chul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACTThere is no licensed vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) since the failure of formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) due to its vaccine-enhanced disease. We investigated immune correlates conferring protection without causing disease after intranasal immunization with virus-like particle vaccine containing the RSV fusion protein (F VLP) in comparison to FI-RSV and live RSV. Upon RSV challenge, FI-RSV immune mice showed severe weight loss, eosinophilia, and histopathology, and RSV reinfection also caused substantial RSV disease despite their viral clearance. In contrast, F VLP immune mice showed least weight loss and no sign of histopathology and eosinophilia. High levels of interleukin-4-positive (IL-4+) and tumor necrosis factor alpha-positive (TNF-α+) CD4+T cells were found in FI-RSV immune mice, whereas gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ+) and TNF-α+CD4+T cells were predominantly detected in live RSV-infected mice. More importantly, in contrast to FI-RSV and live RSV that induced higher levels of CD11b+dendritic cells, F VLP immunization induced CD8α+and CD103+dendritic cells, as well as F-specific IFN-γ+and TNF-α+CD8+T cells. These results suggest that F VLP can induce protection without causing pulmonary RSV disease by inducing RSV neutralizing antibodies, as well as modulating specific subsets of dendritic cells and CD8 T cell immunity.IMPORTANCEIt has been a difficult challenge to develop an effective and safe vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of respiratory disease. Immune correlates conferring protection but preventing vaccine-enhanced disease remain poorly understood. RSV F virus-like particle (VLP) would be an efficient vaccine platform conferring protection. Here, we investigated the protective immune correlates without causing disease after intranasal immunization with RSV F VLP in comparison to FI-RSV and live RSV. In addition to inducing RSV neutralizing antibodies responsible for clearing lung viral loads, we show that modulation of specific subsets of dendritic cells and CD8 T cells producing T helper type 1 cytokines are important immune correlates conferring protection but not causing vaccine-enhanced disease.

Caloric Restriction, Physical Exercise, and CB1 Receptor Blockade as an Efficient Combined Strategy for Bodyweight Control and Cardiometabolic Status Improvement.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Lopez Trinidad ◽  
Rosario Martínez ◽  
Garyfallia Kapravelou ◽  
Milagros Galisteo ◽  
Pilar Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention

Abstract Obesity is critically associated with the development of insulin resistance and related cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Several strategies for weight loss have been developed but most of them exhibit a post-intervention rebound effect. Here, we aimed to design combined weight-loss strategies of caloric restriction, physical exercise, and administration of a food-intake inhibitor that also accomplish the objectives of post-intervention lost-weight maintenance and improvement of cardiovascular and renal functionality. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) was generated in Sprague Dawley rats for 12 weeks to test the effects of single or combined strategies (i.e. caloric restriction, mixed training protocol, and/or administration of appetite suppressant) on caloric intake, body weight, cardiovascular and renal functionality resulting from a weight-loss intervention period of 3 weeks followed by 6 weeks of weight maintenance. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) caused a significant increase in body weight (5th week of the experimental period) and led to the development of insulin resistance, cardiovascular, and renal alterations. The different interventions tested, resulted in a significant body weight loss and improved glucose metabolism, aerobic capacity, electrocardiographic parameters, vascular expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators, and renal functionality, reaching values similar to the control normocaloric group or even improving them. Successful maintenance of lost weight was achieved along a 6-week post-intervention period in addition to adequate health status. In conclusion, the weight-loss and maintenance intervention strategies tested were efficient at reversing the obesity-related alterations in body weight, glucose metabolism, aerobic capacity, cardiovascular and renal functionality. The beneficial action was very consistent for caloric restriction and physical exercise, whereas administration of a food-intake inhibitor complemented the effects of the prior interventions in some parameters like body weight or aerobic capacity, and showed specific actions in renal metabolism.

scholarly journals Caloric restriction, physical exercise, and CB1 receptor blockade as an efficient combined strategy for bodyweight control and cardiometabolic status improvement in male rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa M. Lopez Trinidad ◽  
Rosario Martinez ◽  
Garyfallia Kapravelou ◽  
Milagros Galisteo ◽  
Pilar Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blocker

AbstractObesity is critically associated with the development of insulin resistance and related cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Several strategies for weight loss have been developed but most of them exhibit a post-intervention rebound effect. Here, we aimed to design combined weight-loss strategies of caloric restriction, physical exercise, and administration of a CB1 receptor blocker to inhibit food intake that also accomplish the objectives of lost-weight maintenance and improvement of cardiovascular and renal function. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) was generated in Sprague Dawley rats for 12 weeks to test the effects of single or combined strategies (i.e. caloric restriction, mixed training protocol, and/or administration of appetite suppressant) on caloric intake, body weight, cardiovascular and renal functionality resulting from a weight-loss intervention period of 3 weeks followed by 6 weeks of weight maintenance. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) caused a significant increase in body weight (5th week of the experimental period) and led to the development of insulin resistance, cardiovascular, and renal alterations. The different interventions tested, resulted in a significant body weight loss and improved glucose metabolism, aerobic capacity, electrocardiographic parameters, vascular expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators, and renal functionality, reaching values similar to the control normocaloric group or even improving them. Successful maintenance of lost weight was achieved along a 6-week maintenance period in addition to adequate health status. In conclusion, the weight-loss and maintenance intervention strategies tested were efficient at reversing the obesity-related alterations in body weight, glucose metabolism, aerobic capacity, cardiovascular and renal functionality. The beneficial action was very consistent for caloric restriction and physical exercise, whereas administration of a CB1 receptor blocker complemented the effects of the prior interventions in some parameters like body weight or aerobic capacity, and showed specific actions in renal status, increasing glomerular filtration rate and diuresis. Overall, the novelty of our study relies on the easy implementation of combined strategies for effective weight management that resulted in significant health benefits.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Adherence with or without Exercise on Weight Loss: A Mechanistic Approach to a Global Problem

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1602-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Del Corral ◽  
Paula C. Chandler-Laney ◽  
Krista Casazza ◽  
Barbara A. Gower ◽  
Gary R. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similar Weight

Abstract Context: Weight loss using low-calorie diets produces variable results, presumably due to a wide range of energy deficits and low-dietary adherence. Objective: Our objective was to quantify the relationship between dietary adherence, weight loss, and severity of caloric restriction. Design and Setting: Participants were randomized to diet only, diet-endurance training, or diet-resistance training until body mass index (BMI) was less than 25 kg/m2. Participants: Healthy overweight (BMI 27–30) premenopausal women (n = 141) were included in the study. Interventions: An 800-kcal/d−1 diet was provided, and the exercise groups were engaged in three sessions per week. Main Outcomes: Dietary adherence, calculated from total energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water measurements and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition changes, and degree of caloric restriction were determined. Results: All groups had similar weight loss (∼12.1 ± 2.5 kg) and length of time to reach target BMI (∼158 ± 70 d). Caloric restriction averaged 59 ± 9%, and adherence to diet was 73 ± 34%. Adherence to diet was inversely associated to days to reach target BMI (r = −0.687; P &lt; 0.01) and caloric restriction (r = −0.349; P &lt; 0.01). Association between adherence to diet and percent weight lost as fat was positive for the diet-endurance training (r = 0.364; P &lt; 0.05) but negatively correlated for the diet-only group (r = −0.387; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary adherence is strongly associated with rates of weight loss and adversely affected by the severity of caloric restriction. Weight loss programs should consider moderate caloric restriction relative to estimates of energy requirements, rather than generic low-calorie diets.

Hemostatic response to postprandial lipemia before and after exercise training

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Paton ◽  
Josef Brandauer ◽  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Michael D. Brown ◽  
F. M. Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Antigen Activity ◽  
Pai 1

Chronic hypertriglyceridemia is thought to be atherogenic and is associated with an elevated thrombotic potential, both of which may be improved with aerobic exercise training. Eight subjects were tested for aerobic capacity, body composition, and postprandial lipemia (PPL), followed by 6 mo of exercise training and final testing. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of free fatty acid (FFA), triglycerides (TG), insulin (Ins), and glucose (Glu). Hemostatic variables including factor VII activity (FVIIa), tissue factor pathway inhibitor-factor Xa complex (TFPI/Xa), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen/activity as well as leukocyte tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression were determined among four subjects. We found that the exercise training was of sufficient intensity to increase aerobic capacity ( P < 0.0001) and improve body composition ( P = 0.04). There were no differences between tests among PPL responses of FFA, TG, Ins, or Glu; however, the mean TG response and fat oxidation rate improved. PAI-1 antigen/activity, FVIIa, TFPI/Xa, and TNF-α gene expression were all improved after exercise training after adjusting for confounders. We conclude that aerobic exercise training reduces the potential for coagulation, improves fibrinolytic potential, and reduces leukocyte TNF-α gene expression after the ingestion of a high-fat meal.

scholarly journals Exercise Training-versus Caloric Restriction-Induced Weight Loss

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Coker ◽  
Sophie E. Yeo ◽  
Rick H. Williams ◽  
Patrick M. Kortebein ◽  
William J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Caloric Restriction

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Training and Weight Loss on Plasma Fetuin-A Levels and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Older Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob B. Blumenthal ◽  
Anna Gitterman ◽  
Alice S. Ryan ◽  
Steven J. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
History Of

Aerobic exercise training and weight loss (AEX+WL) improves insulin sensitivity in overweight adults; however, the underlying pathways are incompletely understood. Fetuin-A, a hepatokine that inhibits insulin signaling, may be involved in the salutary effects of AEX+WL. Therefore, we examined the effects of 6-month AEX+WL on plasma fetuin-A levels (36–48 hours after the last bout of exercise), aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity (M) in 16 sedentary, overweight-obese older men (age = 60 ± 2 years, BMI = 31 ± 1 kg/m2) with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. At baseline, fetuin-A levels correlated directly with adiposity and had a borderline inverse correlation with M. After AEX+WL, body weight decreased by ~10 kg, while both VO2max and M increased by 16% (P<0.005 for all). Contrary to our hypothesis, plasma fetuin-A levels increased after AEX+WL (1.16 ± 0.10 g/L versus 1.70 ± 0.19 g/L, P=0.006). This increase was unrelated to changes in body composition or glucose metabolism, but directly correlated with changes in VO2max (r=0.57, P<0.05). Thus, in overweight-to-obese older men, AEX+WL appears to increase plasma fetuin-A levels. Although not associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity, this increase in fetuin-A was related to improvements in aerobic capacity and could be representative of the cardioprotective effects of AEX+WL in older men.

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