A comparison of the relationship of 14 performance-based measures with frailty in older women

The purpose of this study was to determine which performance measures of physical function are most closely related to frailty and whether physical function is different across levels of frailty. Fifty-three community-dwelling Greek women (63–100 years) participated in this study. Participants were divided into 3 tertiles based on level of frailty as calculated from a frailty index (FI): lowest FI group (<0.19 FI), intermediate FI group (0.19–0.36 FI), and highest FI group (>0.36 FI). Performance measures tested were handgrip and knee extension muscle strength and fatigue, upper and lower body muscular endurance, walking performance, agility, and dynamic balance. The greatest proportion of variance in the FI was explained by combining all performance-based measures of physical function. The performance measures that were most closely related to frailty yet different across levels of frailty were ambulatory mobility, lower body muscular endurance, and nondominant handgrip strength. Walking at a preferred pace had the strongest relationship to frailty rather than walking at maximal pace. Grip strength of the nondominant hand had a stronger correlation with frailty compared with the dominant hand. The FI was a better predictor of physical function than chronological age. The decline in physical function accelerated after the intermediate FI tertile. Definitions of frailty need to combine performance-based measures that can identify impairments in various domains of physical function. The assessment protocols of these measures are important.

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Contralateral Muscle Imbalances and Physiological Profile of Recreational Aerial Athletes

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk4030049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Ruggieri ◽

Costa

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Cardiovascular Fitness ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Lower Body ◽

Physiological Profile ◽

Significant Difference ◽

H:Q Ratio ◽

Contralateral Muscle

Background: Aerial fitness is quickly gaining popularity; however, little is known regarding the physiological demands of aerial athletes. The purpose of the study was to examine contralateral muscle imbalances, compare dominant versus non-dominant hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratios, and to establish a physiological profile of recreational aerial athletes. Methods: Thirteen aerialist women visited a local aerial studio to participate in a data collection session to examine isometric levels of upper and lower body strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and cardiovascular fitness. Results: No significant differences were found between dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength (p = 0.077), dominant and non-dominant isometric knee flexion (p = 0.483), dominant and non-dominant isometric knee extension (p = 0.152), or dominant and non-dominant isometric H:Q ratios (p = 0.102). In addition, no significant difference was found between isometric dominant H:Q ratio and the widely-used value of 0.60 (p = 0.139). However, isometric non-dominant H:Q ratio was significantly lower than the 0.60 criterion (p = 0.004). Aerial athletes demonstrated to have excellent flexibility, balance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and average strength. Conclusions: Aerial fitness may be another recreational activity that could be used to maintain higher levels of flexibility, balance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength. Aerialists may want to consider focusing on strengthening the lower body and balancing the hamstrings and quadriceps muscle strength.

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Knee Extension Strength Is a Significant Determinant of Static and Dynamic Balance as Well as Quality of Life in Older Community-Dwelling Women with Osteoporosis

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000065504 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 360-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Nick D. Carter ◽

Karim M. Khan ◽

Arthur Mallinson ◽

Patti A. Janssen ◽

Ari Heinonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Significant Determinant ◽

Knee Extension Strength

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Association between physical function and onset of coronary heart disease in a cohort of community-dwelling older populations: The Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-65466/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nonglak Klinpudtan ◽

Mai Kabayama ◽

Kayo Godai ◽

Yasuyuki Gondo ◽

Yukie Masui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Older People ◽

Physical Function ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Multivariate Adjustment ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Older Populations

Abstract Objective: Physical function is a strong predictor of the adverse outcomes in older populations. We prospectively examined the association of walking speed and handgrip strength with CHD in the community-dwelling older populations. The study cohort in Japan included 1272 older people free from heart disease at the baseline. Physical function was identified based on walking speed and handgrip strength assessment at the survey site. Any new case of CHD was obtained based on a self-reported doctor's diagnosis. Cox-proportion hazard models were adjusted for covariate factors to examine the CHD risk. Results: During the 7-year follow-up, 45 new cases of CHD were documented. Slow walking speed was strongly associated with CHD risk after adjusting for all confounding factors in the total participants and women (hazard ratio (HR)= 2.53, 95%confidence interval (CI), 1.20-5.33, p=0.015, and HR= 4.78, 95% CI,1.07-21.35, p=0.040, respectively), but not in men. Weak grip strength was associated with CHD after age-adjustment (HR= 2.45, 95%CI, 1.03-5.81, p=0.043) only in men. However, after additional multivariate adjustment, the associations were weaker. The results lead to the conclusion that, after multivariate adjustment for coronary heart disease, walking speed is a strong surrogate predictor of the CHD risk among older people.

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Chronic Fish Oil Consumption with Resistance Training Improves Grip Strength, Physical Function, and Blood Pressure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7070167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 167 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sang-Rok Lee ◽

Edward Jo ◽

Andy V. Khamoui

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Physical Function ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Fish oil (FO) has received great attention for its health-enhancing properties. However, its potential synergistic effects with resistance training (RT) are not well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of FO supplementation during 12-weeks of RT on handgrip strength, physical function, and blood pressure (BP) in community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-eight healthy older adults (10 males, 18 females; 66.5 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CON), resistance training (RT), resistance training with FO (RTFO). Handgrip strength, physical function [five times sit-to-stand (5T-STS), timed up and go (TUG), 6-m walk (6MW), 30-s sit-to-stand (30S-STS)], and BP were measured pre- and post-intervention. ANOVA was used with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Handgrip strength significantly increased in RT (+5.3%) and RTFO (+9.4%) but decreased in CON (−3.9%). All physical function outcomes increased in RT and RTFO. CON exhibited significantly decreased TUG and 30S-STS with no change in 5T-STS and 6MW. BP substantially decreased only in RTFO, systolic blood pressure (−7.8 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−4.5 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (−5.6 mmHg), while no change was found in CON and RT. Chronic RT enhanced strength and physical function, while FO consumption combined with RT improved BP in community-dwelling older adults.

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SINGLE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES CANNOT IDENTIFY GERIATRIC OUTPATIENTS WITH SARCOPENIA

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2018.19 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

S.M.L.M. Looijaard ◽

S.J. Oudbier ◽

E.M. Reijnierse ◽

G.J. Blauw ◽

C.G.M. Meskers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test

Background: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in the older population and is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Equipment to measure muscle mass and muscle strength to diagnose sarcopenia is often unavailable in clinical practice due to the related expenses while an easy physical performance measure to identify individuals who could potentially have sarcopenia is lacking. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between physical performance measures and definitions of sarcopenia in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients. Design, setting and participants: A cross-sectional study was conducted, consisting of 140 community-dwelling older adults that were referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic. No exclusion criteria were applied. Measurements: Physical performance measures included balance tests (side-by-side, semi-tandem and tandem test with eyes open and -closed), four-meter walk test, timed up and go test, chair stand test, handgrip strength and two subjective questions on mobility. Direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure muscle mass. Five commonly used definitions of sarcopenia were applied. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve.Results: Physical performance measures, i.e. side-by-side test, tandem test, chair stand test and handgrip strength, were associated with at least one definition of sarcopenia. Diagnostic accuracy of these physical performance measures was poor. Conclusions: Single physical performance measures could not identify older individuals with sarcopenia, according to five different definitions of sarcopenia.

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Knee extension strength and handgrip strength are important predictors of Timed Up and Go test performance among community-dwelling elderly women: a cross-sectional study

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0182.r1.30102020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

pp. 77-80

Author(s):

Diogo Carvalho Felício ◽

José Elias Filho ◽

Bárbara Zille de Queiroz ◽

Juliano Bergamaschine Mata Diz ◽

Daniele Sirineu Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knee Extension Strength

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Vitamin D, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian older women

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120005315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Sabeen Zahra ◽

Bernard Corfe ◽

Elizabeth Williams

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Function ◽

Older Women ◽

South Asian ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Chair Stand

AbstractA positive association has been reported between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in older Caucasian women. However, little is known about this relationship in UK South Asian older women. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian (Pakistani and Indian) older women.One hundred and twenty community-dwelling women were recruited via visiting community centres, mosques, Indian temples (Gurdwara) and by word of mouth (between January to May 2018). Inclusion criteria were: community-dwelling, South Asian women, age 60 years and above, able to communicate effectively and able to give written or verbal consent. A general interview (demographic, anthropometric, self-reported exhaustion, health history, supplementation use/duration/dose), handgrip strength (kg), short physical performance battery (single chair stand, repeated chair stands, balance, timed up-and-go test), and blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, nmol/l) concentration were performed. Dietary intake and self-reported physical activity was also assessed using multiple-pass 24-hour diet recall method and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form respectively.Overall, 47% of participants had insufficient blood 25(OH)D concentration (< 50nmol/L) and 53% had sufficient blood 25(OH)D (≥ 50nmol/L) using the IOM classification. As expected 86% of current vitamin D supplement users had adequate vitamin D status and only 14% of women who reported current vitamin D supplement use had insufficient vitamin D status. Amongst supplement non-users 68% had insufficient vitamin D status and only 32% had adequate levels. An inverse correlation (Spearman's analysis) was found between vitamin D status and single chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.25, p = 0.006); repeated chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.29, p = 0.002) and timed up-and-go test (sec) (r = -0.20, p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between vitamin D status and handgrip strength (r = 0.09, p = 0.30).The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in post-menopausal South Asian women not taking vitamin D supplements. Significant association was observed between vitamin D status and some aspects of muscle strength and physical function. We are now conducting a randomized control trial to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation may restore muscle strength and function in this population.

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Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo ◽

Noelia González-Gálvez ◽

Abraham López-Vivancos ◽

Alejandro Espeso-García ◽

Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Lower Body ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional

The revised European consensus defined sarcopenia as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyse the influence of diet, physical activity (PA) and obesity index as risk factors of each criteria of sarcopenia. A total of 629 European middle-aged and older adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were assessed. Self-reported PA and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet questionnaire (PREDIMED), respectively. The functional assessment included handgrip strength, lower body muscle strength, gait speed and agility/dynamic balance. Of the participants, 4.84% to 7.33% showed probable sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 1.16% to 2.93% of participants. Severe sarcopenia was shown by 0.86% to 1.49% of participants. Male; age group ≤65 years; lower body mass index (BMI); high levels of vigorous PA; and the consumption of more than one portion per day of red meat, hamburgers, sausages or cold cuts and/or preferential consumption of rabbit, chicken or turkey instead of beef, pork, hamburgers or sausages (OR = 0.126–0.454; all p < 0.013) resulted as protective factors, and more time of sedentary time (OR = 1.608–2.368; p = 0.032–0.041) resulted as a risk factor for some criteria of sarcopenia. In conclusion, age, diet, PA, and obesity can affect the risk of having low muscle strength, low muscle mass or low functional performance, factors connected with sarcopenia.

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Changes in Physical and Oral Function after a Long-Term Care Prevention Program in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A 12-Month Follow-Up Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 719

Author(s):

Yoshimi Iwao-Kawamura ◽

Hideo Shigeishi ◽

Shino Uchida ◽

Shirou Kawano ◽

Tomoko Maehara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Function ◽

Health Program ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Term Care ◽

Oral Function ◽

Nutritional Guidance ◽

Japanese Older Adults

Background: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to clarify changes in physical and oral function in older adults after completing a 3-month health program combining physical and oral exercise, oral health instruction, and nutritional guidance. Methods: Subjects were 34 women aged at least 70 years (mean age 79.2 years) in Bungotakada City, Oita Prefecture, Japan. Physical and oral function was investigated on the first day (baseline), at the end of the program, and 6 and 12 months after completing the health program. Physical function was measured using handgrip strength test, timed up and go (TUG) test and one-leg standing time test. Oral diadochokinesis test and repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) were employed to assess oral function. Results: TUG scores were significantly lower at 6 and 12 months than at baseline in participants aged ≥70 and <80 years. The repetition rate of the monosyllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ was improved at the end of program in participants aged ≥70 and <80 years and increased to more than 6 times/second at 12 months. Conclusions: Our 3-month health program maintained improvements in oral and physical function in older women 1 year after completing the program.

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Chronic kidney disease: prevalence and association with handgrip strength in a cross-sectional study

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02452-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Cheng ◽

Min Liu ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Haifeng Xu ◽

Xiaotian Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Physical Function ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence

Abstract Background Poor physical function is strongly associated with mortality and poor clinical outcomes in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Handgrip strength (HGS) is an important index for physical function in the general population, and the association between HGS and CKD is worth investigating. Methods From September to November 2015, we conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 10,407 participants in Jurong City, China. Age-related and sex-specific HGS percentile curves were constructed using the GAMLSS method. In addition, logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between HGS and the presence of CKD with odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results Participants with low HGS tended to be older and were more likely to have CKD (8.73 %). Smoothed centile curves of HGS showed a similar shape in both sexes: participants peaked at approximately 20–35 years old and gradually decreased after the age of 50. In addition, independent of age and other factors, the decreased presence of CKD was significantly identified in individuals with moderate (OR: 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.49–0.83) and high HGS (OR: 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.23–0.58). Conclusions We concluded that HGS was significantly negatively associated with CKD in Chinese community-dwelling persons.

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