The Influence of Musculotendinous Stiffness on Drop Jump Performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Walshe ◽  
Gregory J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Damped Oscillations ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Dynamic Stretch ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Musculotendinous Stiffness

This study investigated the relationship between musculotendinous stiffness and the ability to perform dynamic stretch-shorten cycle actions involving a range of eccentric loads. Twenty trained male subjects performed a series of quasi-static muscular actions in a supine leg press position, during which a brief perturbation was applied. The resulting damped oscillations allowed the estimation of each subject's maximal musculotendinous stiffness (k) for the lower body musculature. All subjects also performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a series of drop jumps (DJs) from heights of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm. When the jump heights of the nine most compliant (mean k = 11.4 ± 2.7 kN•m−1) and nine stiffest (mean k = 20.5 ± 2.5 kN•m−1) subjects were compared, the stiff subjects demonstrated significantly poorer capacity to perform under the highest (DJ80 and DJ100) eccentric loading conditions. It was hypothesised that the relatively greater forces transmitted from the skeletal system to the musculature of the stiff subjects reduced their ability to attenuate the higher eccentric loads due to less effective contractile dynamics and greater levels of reflex induced inhibition. Key words: series elastic component, compliance, drop jump, muscle elasticity, eccentric contraction

Acute effect of post activation potentiation using drop jumps on repeated sprints combined with vertical jumps in young handball players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mahfoodha Al Kitani ◽  
Ahmed Ambussaidi ◽  
Majid Al Busafi ◽  
Badriya Al-Hadabi ◽  
Radhouane Haj Sassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Repeated Sprints ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Study Participants

BACKGROUND: The use of post-activation potentiation (PAP) exercises at the end of the warm-up may increase muscles nerve conduction speed and per consequent improve speed, strength and explosive power performances. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of PAP during warm-up using vertical or horizontal drop jumps on repeated sprints performance combined with countermovement jump in young handball players. METHODS: 12 young handball players participated in this study. Participants realized 3 randomized warm-up protocols: a warm-up without PAP, a warm-up with PAP using vertical drop jumps, and a warm-up with PAP using horizontal drop jumps. After the assigned PAP protocol, the subject realized a counter movement jump as a reference value (CMJr), and thereafter repeated sprint tests with and without changing of direction (six maximal 2 × 12.5 m shuttle sprints and six maximal 25 m straight sprints, respectively) combined with vertical jumping. RESULTS: Horizontal drop jump during warm-up showed larger improvements in repeated sprints performance with and without change of direction for the parameters best time and mean time, compared with warm up without drop jumps (p< 0.01) and warm up with vertical drop jumps (p< 0.05). Vertical drop jump performance during warm-up induced greater gains in countermovement jump reference value in comparison with warm up without drop jump (p< 0.01), or warm up with horizontal drop jump (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION: PAP during warm-up using horizontal drop jump improves repeated sprints performance with and without changing of direction while PAP using vertical drop jump improves CMJ reference value.

scholarly journals VERTICAL JUMPING PERFORMANCE RELATES TO SPRINTING PERFORMANCE OVER SHORT DISTANCES AND DIFFERENT SECTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2021) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Sebastian Möck ◽  
◽  
René Hartmann ◽  
Klaus Wirth ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
High Level

A high level of sprinting performance is relevant in various sports. Because of the transition of movement patterns in different sprint sections there is a shift in the relevance of speed-strength of the knee and hip extensors, and stretch-shortening cycle performance seems conceivable. Fifty-six physical education students (23.70 ± 3.00 years, 176.9 ± 8.10cm, 74.20 ± 10.30kg) were investigated. They performed sprints up to 30m in which different sections were analyzed and vertical jumps (squat jump, countermovement jump, drop jump from different dropping heights). Vertical jumping tests in squat jump and countermovement jump revealed mean values of 31.95 ± 6.56cm and 34.28 ± 7.47cm, respectively, while the drop jumps showed mean RSI values between 155.11 ± 36.77 and 168.24 ± 36.29 dependent on the dropping height. The sprint test showed a mean performance of 4.464 ± .343s (30m). The correlational analysis showed significant correlations (p < .01) for vertical jumping height with all sprinting sections (r = −.652 to −.834). Drop jump performance also showed significant correlations (p < .01) with all the sections (r = −.379 to −.594). The results let us hypothesize that the observed sample generated similar ground-reaction forces in the sprint and drop jump from a height of 40 cm.

Musculotendinous stiffness: its relationship to eccentric, isometric, and concentric performance

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2714-2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Wilson ◽  
A. J. Murphy ◽  
J. F. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Damped Oscillations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Initial Force ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximal Effort ◽  
Musculotendinous Stiffness

The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between musculotendinous stiffness and performance in eccentric, isometric, and concentric activities. Thirteen trained subjects performed a series of maximal effort eccentric, concentric, and isometric muscular contractions in a bench press-type movement. Additionally, subjects performed a series of quasi-static muscular contractions in a bench press movement. A brief perturbation was applied to the bar while these isometric efforts were maintained, and the resulting damped oscillations provided data pertaining to each subject's musculotendinous stiffness. Musculotendinous stiffness was significantly related to isometric and concentric performance (r = 0.57–0.78) but not to eccentric performance. These results are interpreted as demonstrating that the optimal musculotendinous stiffness for maximum concentric and isometric activities was toward the stiff end of the elasticity continuum. A stiffer musculotendinous unit may facilitate such performances by improving the force production capabilities of the contractile component, due to a combination of improved length and rate of shortening, and additionally by enhancing initial force transmission.

scholarly journals Impact of acute static-stretching on the optimal height in drop jumps

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Leonardo A. Pasqua ◽  
Nilo M. Okuno ◽  
Mayara V. Damasceno ◽  
Adriano. E. Lima-Silva ◽  
Rômulo Bertuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Jump Condition ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Height Determination ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Male Subjects

This study analyzed the effect of static stretching on performance during drop jumps. Furthermore, we investigated if a reduction in drop height would compensate the stretching-caused alterations. Ten physically active male subjects performed drop jumps at four different drop heights without static stretching for the optimal drop height determination. After, they performed drop jumps on two drop heights with static stretching previously. The jump height, contact time and reactive strength index were significantly affected by static stretching. However, only the contact time was significantly improved by the reduction in drop height with previous static stretching. Our results suggest that the decrement in performance after static stretching could be partially compensated by a reduction in drop height, which decreases the contact time near a non-stretching jump condition. This can be explained by the lower landing velocity and, possibly, the smaller reduction in the activation of the plantar flexors muscles. In conclusion, the reduction in drop height seems to be interesting after a static stretching session, aiming to expose the athletes to lower impact forces to maintain jump performance.

Kinetic and Kinematic Changes in Vertical Jump in Prepubescent Girls After 10 Weeks of Plyometric Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Katsikari ◽  
Eleni Bassa ◽  
Dimitrios Skoufas ◽  
Savvas Lazaridis ◽  
Christos Kotzamanidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Short Contact Time ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Drop Jumps

Purpose: To examine the effect of a 10-week plyometric training (PT) on the kinematic and kinetic properties of prepubescent girls during squat jump, countermovement jump, and drop jumps. Methods: Twenty-four untrained girls (aged 9–11 y) were assigned to a training group (TG) and a control group. The TG followed twice a week PT for 10 weeks. Squat jump, countermovement jump, and drop jumps performed from heights of 20, 35, and 50 cm were tested before and after PT. Jump height, kinematic, and kinetic parameters were evaluated using a motion analysis system and a force plate. Results: Jumping height in all jump types increased significantly after PT for the TG (P < .001). After training, the TG presented increased power (P < .001) and knee angular velocity (P < .001), higher knee flexion at the deepest point during the braking phase (P < .001), longer contact time (P < .001), and unchanged stiffness and reaction strength index (P > .05). No differences were observed in the control group (P > .05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that a 10-week PT positively affected jumping performance in prepubescent girls who improved their drop jump performance after training not by adopting a stiff/bouncing jumping style of short contact time and increased stiffness, but a compliant/absorbing style of prolonged contact time.

scholarly journals Greater volumes are required to reduce muscle performance in well-trained individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Filipe Dinato de Lima ◽  
Amilton Vieira ◽  
Ana Luiza Matias Correia ◽  
Ricardo Moreno Lima ◽  
Andrew Correa da Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Great Volume ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Post Assessment

A specific drop jumps (DJs) protocol (using 100 jumps) has been largely used to induce muscle damage. However, it failed to show relevant drop in performance in well-trained individuals. Trained subjects may require a protocol with greater volume to induce decrease of muscle performance. The aim of this study was to assess muscle performance after two DJs damaging protocols with different volumes in well-trained individuals. Eighteen strength and/or power-trained males (4.92 ± 2.78 years of training experience) were randomly assigned into one of two groups: DJ100 (five sets of 20 DJs) or DJ140 (seven sets of 20 DJs), with 2-min of rest interval. DJs were performed from a 60-cm box. After landing, the volunteers performed a maximal vertical rebound jump. Muscle swelling increased significantly on both DJ100 and DJ140 (p < 0.001). Maximal isometric torque (MIT) decreased significantly on both DJ100 (p = 0.005) and DJ140 (p < 0.001). MIT showed no between-group difference on pre-assessment (p = 0.815). However, on post-assessment, MIT was significantly lower on DJ140 than DJ100 (p = 0.043). Countermovement jump (CMJ) decreased significantly on DJ140 (p = 0.001), but not on DJ100 (p = 0.802). There was no between-group difference on pre-assessment (p = 0.978). However, on post-assessment, CMJ was significantly lower on DJ140 than DJ100 (p = 0.038). DJ140 induced greater drop in isometric strength than DJ100 and only DJ140 significantly reduced jump performance. These results demonstrated that well-trained individuals require a great volume of DJs to reduce substantially muscle performance.

Relative Net Vertical Impulse Determines Jumping Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Kirby ◽  
Jeffrey M. McBride ◽  
Tracie L. Haines ◽  
Andrea M. Dayne
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Velocity Peak ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between relative net vertical impulse and jump height in a countermovement jump and static jump performed to varying squat depths. Ten college-aged males with 2 years of jumping experience participated in this investigation (age: 23.3 ± 1.5 years; height: 176.7 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 84.4 ± 10.1 kg). Subjects performed a series of static jumps and countermovement jumps in a randomized fashion to a depth of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 m and a self-selected depth (static jump depth = 0.38 ± 0.08 m, countermovement jump depth = 0.49 ± 0.06 m). During the concentric phase of each jump, peak force, peak velocity, peak power, jump height, and net vertical impulse were recorded and analyzed. Net vertical impulse was divided by body mass to produce relative net vertical impulse. Increasing squat depth corresponded to a decrease in peak force and an increase in jump height and relative net vertical impulse for both static jump and countermovement jump. Across all depths, relative net vertical impulse was statistically significantly correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= .9337,p< .0001, power = 1.000) and countermovement jump (r= .925,p< .0001, power = 1.000). Across all depths, peak force was negatively correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= –0.3947,p= .0018, power = 0.8831) and countermovement jump (r= –0.4080,p= .0012, power = 0.9050). These results indicate that relative net vertical impulse can be used to assess vertical jump performance, regardless of initial squat depth, and that peak force may not be the best measure to assess vertical jump performance.

Plyometric Training in Normobaric Hypoxia improves Jump Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betül Coşkun ◽  
Dicle Aras ◽  
Cengiz Akalan ◽  
Settar Kocak ◽  
Michael J. Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
And Function

AbstractStrength training in hypoxia has been shown to enhance hypertrophy and function of skeletal muscle, however, the effects of plyometric training in hypoxia is relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of plyometric training in hypoxia compared to normoxia on body composition, sprint and jump parameters. Twenty-three male physical education students (20.4±2.0 years, mean±SD) participated in the study and were divided into a plyometric training in hypoxia (PTH, n=8), plyometric training in normoxia (PTN, n=7) or control group (C, n=8). The PTH group trained in normobaric hypoxia (approximately 3536 m) 3 days/week for 8 weeks, while the PTN trained in normoxia. PTH induced significant improvements from baseline to post-testing in countermovement-jump (37.8±6.7 cm, 43.4±5.0 cm, p<0.05), squat-jump (35.4±6.2 cm, 41.1±5.7 cm, p<0.05), drop-jump height (32.8±6 cm, 38.1±6 cm, p<0.05) and 20-m sprint performance (3257.1±109.5 ms, 3145.8±83.6 ms, p<0.05); whereas PTN produced significant improvement only in countermovement-jump (37.3±4.8 cm, 40.5±4.5 cm, p<0.05) and 20-m sprint performance (3209.3±76.1 ms, 3126.6±100.4 ms, p<0.05). Plyometric training under hypoxic conditions induces greater improvement in some jump measures (drop-jump and squat-jump) compared to similar training in normoxia.

Association of Jumping Ability and Maximum Strength With Dive Distance in Swimmers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Calderbank ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
John J. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Isometric Force Production ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between dive distance (DD) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, track start CMJ height, countermovement broad jump (CMBJ) distance, track start broad jump distance, and isometric midthigh pull peak force and relative peak force. Methods: A total of 27 (11 female and 16 male) regional-national-international-standard swimmers (mean [SD]; age = 19.5 [5.5] y; mass = 69.3 [10.5] kg; height = 1.77 [0.09] m) performed 3 trials of a track start dive, CMJ, track start CMJ, CMBJ, track start broad jump, and isometric midthigh pull. Results: Data were separated into pooled (females and males combined), females, and males. Large to very large correlations were found between DD and all variables tested for pooled data (r = .554–.853, P < .001–.008), with DD-CMBJ displaying the highest correlation (r = .853, P < .001). CMBJ accounted for 70% of the variance in DD. Females demonstrated moderate nonsignificant correlations between DD isometric midthigh pull (r = .379, P < .125). Males demonstrated very large significant correlations between DD-CMJ (r = .761, P < .001). Conclusions: DD demonstrated strong correlations with jump performances and multijoint isometric force production in pooled data. Males showed stronger correlations than females due to being stronger and being able to perform the jumping/strength tasks to a higher standard. Enhanced jump performance and increased maximal force production may, therefore, enhance DD in swimmers.

scholarly journals Impact of Drop Jump Index For17-18 Year Old Volleyball Players in Albania

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 4008-4013
Author(s):  
Enkeleida Lleshi, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

Volleyball is characterized by the activity of vertical jump performance in the technical elements of attack, block and service. The study focuses on young Female & Male players during the 12-week plyometric training. The objective of this study  is  to  evaluate  the  effects  of  12-weeks  plyometric training  performance  in volleyball players M & F in Albania to see the differences between them. Methods; 40 young players (F & M) participated in this study. N=10 M & N=10 F volleyball players considered as Experimental and the same number as Control. The average age of players included in this study is 17-18 years old. The players of both groups were evaluated before and after 12 weeks. The F&M Experimental groups conducted 12 weeks of plyometric training with 2 sessions for a week. The F&M Control groups conducted the training according to the method of their trainers. Besides anthropometric measurements they developed Drop Jump tests by jumping from the cube in height 40 cm and 60 cm. Results; The results showed a high correlation coefficient (r = 0,924) and statistically significant (p <0,05). Data obtained from two groups GRFP show that the relationship between the contact time and the time air changes between the two tests DJ 40-60cm. Conclusions. The methodology used helps us compare the high and poor performances that help coaches to program more detailed plyometric training for the development of jumping skills in young volleyball players. The effect of plyometric training developed on M&F volleyball players and according to data obtained from GRFP, showed that male volleyball players had a better performance in vertical jump than female volleyball players. Vertical jumping may be assessed not only by the height of its development but also by the phase of residence in the air.   

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document