Timber shear walls with large openings: experimental and numerical prediction of the structural behaviour

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Richard ◽  
Laurent Daudeville ◽  
Helmut Prion ◽  
Frank Lam
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Cyclic Response ◽  
Wood Frame

A numerical model based on the finite element method is presented for prediction of the cyclic response of wood frame structures. The model predicts the cyclic response of shear walls. Nonlinear phenomena are assumed to be concentrated in the connections that are modelled through elements linking the structural elements including the posts, beams, and sheathing panels. Identification of model parameters relies on tests on individual connections. Connection tests on different nail lengths were conducted under monotonic and cyclic lateral loads. Based on the results from past studies that indicate the pull-through failure is an important failure mode in common nail connections with lumber and oriented strand board (OSB), washers were considered as a means to reinforce the connection. The influence of reinforced nailing on the static and dynamic performance of full-size wood frame shear walls with large openings, sheathed with OSB panels, was evaluated experimentally. Combinations of parameters were studied, such as the number of hold-downs, the panel shapes, the nail distribution, and the bracing systems. Comparisons of the dissipated energy per cycle revealed a higher capacity for walls using nails with washer reinforcement than without. Results from numerical simulations of the monotonic and cyclic tests performed on the walls are presented.Key words: timber shear wall, connections, finite element, dissipated energy.

Static and Dynamic Performance Analysis and Improvement of Pillar in Vertical Drilling Machine

2011 ◽  
Vol 48-49 ◽  
pp. 1106-1111
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Xiao Hui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Drilling Machine ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Pillar Structure ◽  
Dynamic Performance Analysis ◽  
Element Theory

Based on finite element theory, pillar structure of the model parameters was established, and analyzed its static and dynamic performance. At the same time, the structural deformation of pillar load and deformation characteristics were analyzed. The choosing shape method was used to get the improvements in pillar. The Improved models were done modal analysis, and got their natural frequencies.

Lateral loading performance of end narrow panel reinforced light wood frame shear walls

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Di ◽  
Hongliang Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Type ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Sheathing Panels

PurposeThe sheathing panels of traditional light wood frame shear walls mainly use oriented strand board (OSB) panels, and the damage of the traditional walls is mainly caused by the tear failure at the bottom corner of the OSB panel. In order to improve the lateral performance of the traditional light wood frame shear wall, a new type of end narrow panels reinforced light wood frame shear wall is proposed.Design/methodology/approachThe monotonic loading tests and finite element analysis of nine groups of walls, with different types of end narrow panel, types of fasteners used on the end narrow panels and the end narrow panels edge fastener spacing, are carried out. The effects of different characters on lateral performance of light wood frame shear walls are reported and discussed.FindingsThe failure modes of the wall reinforced by parallel strand bamboo narrow panels with 150 mm edge nails spacing are similar to the traditional wall. Conversely, the failure modes of other groups of walls reinforced by end narrow panels are the tears of the bottom narrow panel or the bottom beam. The end narrow panel reinforced light wood frame shear wall can make full use of the material property of sheathing panels. Compared with the lateral performance of traditional walls, the new-type end narrow panels reinforced walls have better lateral performance.Originality/valueA new type of end narrow panels reinforced light wood frame shear wall is proposed, which can enhance the lateral performance of the traditional light wood frame shear wall. The new-type walls have advantages of convenient operation, manufacture cost saving and important value of engineering application.

Stiffness and energy degradation of wood frame shear walls

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry W Shenton III ◽  
David W Dinehart ◽  
Timothy E Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Effective Stiffness ◽  
Seismic Shear ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Wood Frame

Tests have been conducted on wood frame shear walls to characterize the degradation of stiffness and energy dissipation that occurs under cyclic loading. A total of eight walls were tested, four sheathed in plywood and four sheathed in oriented-strand board. The tests were conducted in accordance with a draft test procedure recently proposed by the Structural Engineers Association of Southern California, which is based on a sequential phased displacement command input. The results indicate that effective stiffness decreases linearly with continued cycling at the same displacement and decreases with increasing amplitudes of displacement. Furthermore, the energy dissipation capacity of the wall decreases by 15-20% with the first cycle at a given amplitude, then decreases slightly with continued cycling at the same amplitude. The changes in effective stiffness and energy dissipation are generally independent of the type of sheathing for loads less than the wall ultimate, suggesting that the wall performance under cyclic loading is influenced more by the fastener and frame behavior. The results presented should be useful for design and for verifying hysteretic models of the shear wall behavior.Key words: cyclic, dynamic, energy dissipation, experimental, seismic, shear wall, stiffness, testing, timber, wood frame.

Quasi-Dynamic Implicit Finite Element Analysis of Steel-Clad, Wood-Framed Shear Walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1619-1628
Author(s):  
Khoi D. Mai ◽  
William F. Cofer ◽  
Donald A. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Monotonic Loading ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Ultimate Shear Strength ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wood Frame

HighlightsA new finite element modeling method was developed to predict performance of steel-clad, wood-framed diaphragms.The new method overcomes limitations of previous models and accurately predicts yielding and buckling behaviors.The new method will save time and money in developing design values for steel-clad, wood-frame diaphragms.Abstract. Various finite element codes and solution techniques have been developed for steel-clad, wood-framed (SCWF) shear walls over the past few decades. Most previous finite element models for SCWF shear walls under monotonic loading were based on a static implicit solution technique. Previous researchers stated that the static implicit technique showed promise for modeling SCWF diaphragms; however, the solution technique failed to converge to equilibrium as local instabilities in the form of snap-through buckling of steel cladding occurred or geometric nonlinearities were included in the model. In this study, a nonlinear quasi-dynamic implicit finite element analysis (FEA) of SCWF shear walls subjected to monotonic loading was developed to overcome the deficiencies of the static implicit approach. Three types of elements were used, including beam elements to model wood framing, shell elements to model steel cladding, and nonlinear spring elements to model connectors. Screw connector tests were conducted to obtain the load-displacement constitutive relationships needed for finite element models. Nine types of SCWF shear walls with and without lap seam stitching were tested to validate the finite element model. The ratios of predicted to test values for ultimate shear strength averaged 0.97 with a coefficient of variation (COV) of 8.1%, and the ratios for effective shear modulus averaged 1.13 with a COV of 30%. The quasi-dynamic implicit FEA is a significant improvement over previous static implicit techniques and should be a useful tool to predict the ultimate shear strength and effective shear modulus of SCWF shear walls under monotonic loading. Keywords: Diaphragm design, Post-frame building, Steel-clad wood-frame diaphragm.

The Dynamic Response of Wood-Frame Shear Walls with Viscoelastic Dampers

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Dinehart ◽  
Harry W. Shenton ◽  
Timothy E. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Cyclic Tests ◽  
Viscoelastic Dampers ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Constant Source ◽  
Design Construction

Results are presented of an experimental investigation, the objectives of which were to evaluate and compare the performance of conventional plywood shear walls with walls that include viscoelastic (VE) dampers. Cyclic tests were conducted on conventional walls and walls with VE dampers; five different damper configurations were tested. The walls with the VE dampers showed an increase in the total energy dissipation and an increase in the effective stiffness, relative to the conventional wall, with increases in energy dissipation as high as 59 percent. Tests demonstrated that the sheathing-to-stud and corner dampers can easily be installed within the confines of the wall and can be utilized without impacting the design, construction, or finishing of the shear wall. The results demonstrate that addition of the viscoelastic dampers significantly enhanced the dynamic performance of the walls by increasing the energy dissipation capacity and providing a constant source of energy dissipation.

scholarly journals Wood-steel composite shear walls with openings

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Tzanetis Vogiatzis ◽  
Themistoklis Tsalkatidis ◽  
Aris Avdelas
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Composite Shear Wall ◽  
Steel Composite ◽  
Composite Shear

This paper reports an investigation into the behaviour of wood-steel composite shear walls, consisting of strand laminated lumber boundary frames with infill steel plates. Recently it has been shown that wood-steel composite shear wall systems can offer various advantages over code-approved wood frame shear walls, including architectural flexibility. However, further research is needed so as to gain a better insight and understanding into the structural behaviour of this lateral load resisting system. On this basis, three-dimensional full-scale finite element models are developed and used to simulate the wood-steel composite shear wall with solid infill plates and with centrally-perforated infill plates. In this paper, firstly, a three-dimensional finite element model of wood-steel composite shear wall under monotonic loading. The numerical results were compared with experimental data and it was found that the model can predict the behaviour of wood-steel composite shear walls with reasonable precision. Using the verified model, a parametric study on wood-steel composite shear wall models with and without openings was performed. Critical parameters influencing the wood-steel composite shear walls behaviour such as the thickness of the steel plate and the opening ratio were investigated. The results of this parametric study provide useful information for the engineering application of wood-steel composite shear wall systems.  

Experimental study of the effects of continuous rod hold-down anchorages on the cyclic response of wood frame shear walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 111641
Author(s):  
Xavier Estrella ◽  
Sardar Malek ◽  
José Luis Almazán ◽  
Pablo Guindos ◽  
Hernán Santa María
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Cyclic Response ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Continuous Rod

Representation of bolted joints in a structure using finite element modelling and model updating

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7141-7151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Omar ◽  
M. N. Abdul Rani ◽  
M. A. Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Bolted Joint ◽  
Fe Modelling ◽  
Joint Structure

Efficient and accurate finite element (FE) modelling of bolted joints is essential for increasing confidence in the investigation of structural vibrations. However, modelling of bolted joints for the investigation is often found to be very challenging. This paper proposes an appropriate FE representation of bolted joints for the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of a bolted joint structure. Two different FE models of the bolted joint structure with two different FE element connectors, which are CBEAM and CBUSH, representing the bolted joints are developed. Modal updating is used to correlate the two FE models with the experimental model. The dynamic behaviour of the two FE models is compared with experimental modal analysis to evaluate and determine the most appropriate FE model of the bolted joint structure. The comparison reveals that the CBUSH element connectors based FE model has a greater capability in representing the bolted joints with 86 percent accuracy and greater efficiency in updating the model parameters. The proposed modelling technique will be useful in the modelling of a complex structure with a large number of bolted joints.

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