Nonlinear analysis of grid systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Tharmalingham Tharmabala
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Stiffness Matrices ◽  
Grillage Analysis ◽  
Curvature And Torsion ◽  
Global Stiffness Matrix

A method is proposed for the nonlinear analysis of grid systems. The structure is loaded incrementally and the current stiffness matrices of each member are evaluated using a numerical procedure and the moment–curvature and torsion–twist relationships of the grid elements. The member stiffness matrices are used to develop the global stiffness matrix of the grid structure. In other respects, the method is very much similar to linear elastic analysis of grid framework. A bridge structure is analyzed using a computer program, developed by incorporating the proposed method. The program is able to predict the nonlinear characteristics of the structure such that it can reduce the girder moments and (or) the total material costs. Key words: bridges, nonlinear analysis, slab-on-girder bridges, grillage analysis, ultimate load capacity.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Using CFRP to Enhance the Behavior of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Corbels

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Mazin Abdulrahman ◽  
Shakir Salih ◽  
Rusul Abduljabbar
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Externally Bonded ◽  
Effective Depth

In this research, an experimental study is conducted to investigate the behavior and strength of high strength reinforced concrete corbels externally bonded with CFRP fabric sheets and Plates with different patterns taking into account the effect of adopted variables in enhancing the ultimate strength; the effect of shear span to effective depth (a/d), configuration, type and amount of bonding. Eleven high strength reinforced corbels were cast and tested under vertical loads. Test results showed there was an improvement in the behavior and load carrying capacity of all strengthened corbels. An increasing in the ultimate strength of strengthened corbel by inclined CFRP strips reached to (92.1%) while the increasing reached to (84.21%) for using one horizontal CFRP Plates compared to un-strengthened reference specimen. Also, it can be conducted that the increase of (a/d) ratio from (0.6 to 0.8) resulted in decreasing by 21.05% in ultimate load capacity of corbels and from (0.4 to 0.6) by 31.25% and 58.69% in cracking and ultimate loads respectively Using CFRP .

Discussion of “Ultimate Load Capacity of Arch Dams”

1967 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Marek Janas ◽  
Lance A. Endersbee ◽  
M.L. Juncosa ◽  
K.V. Swaminathan ◽  
A. Rajaraman
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Arch Dams

Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Multiple Openings

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Haidar Abdul Wahid Khalaf ◽  
Amer Farouk Izzet
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Group I

The present investigation focuses on the response of simply supported reinforced concrete rectangular-section beams with multiple openings of different sizes, numbers, and geometrical configurations. The advantages of the reinforcement concrete beams with multiple opening are mainly, practical benefit including decreasing the floor heights due to passage of the utilities through the beam rather than the passage beneath it, and constructional benefit that includes the reduction of the self-weight of structure resulting due to the reduction of the dead load that achieves economic design. To optimize beam self-weight with its ultimate resistance capacity, ten reinforced concrete beams having a length, width, and depth of 2700, 100, and 400 mm, respectively were fabricated and tested as simply supported beams under one incremental concentrated load at mid-span until failure. The design parameters were the configuration and size of openings. Three main groups categorized experimental beams comprise the same area of openings and steel reinforcement details but differ in configurations. Three different shapes of openings were considered, mainly, rectangular, parallelogram, and circular. The experimental results indicate that, the beams with circular openings more efficient than the other configurations in ultimate load capacity and beams stiffness whereas, the beams with parallelogram openings were better than the beams with rectangular openings. Commonly, it was observed that the reduction in ultimate load capacity, for beams of group I, II, and III compared to the reference solid beam ranged between (75 to 93%), (65 to 93%), and (70 to 79%) respectively.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effect of Heel Plate Length on the Structural Integrity of Cold-formed Steel Roof Trusses

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
Je Chenn Gan ◽  
Jee Hock Lim ◽  
Siong Kang Lim ◽  
Horng Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Ultimate Capacity ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Plate Length ◽  
Roof Truss ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Structural Failures

Applications of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) are widely used in buildings, machinery and etc. Many researchers began the research of CFS as a roof truss system. It is required to increase the knowledge of the configurations of CFS roof trusses due to the uncertainty of the structural failures regarding the materials and rigidity of joints. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of heel plate length to the ultimate load capacity of CFS roof truss system. Three different lengths of heel plate specimens were fabricated and subjected to concentrated loads until failure. The highest ultimate capacity for the experiment was 30 kN. The results showed that the increment of the length of the heel plate had slightly increased the ultimate capacity and strain. The increment of the length of the heel plate had increased the deflection of the bottom chords but decreased the deflection of the top chords. Local buckling of top chords adjacent to the heel plate was the primary failure mode for all the heel plate specimens.

Ultimate Load Capacity of Spot Welds Made of Ultra High Strength Steels

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongfen Zhang ◽  
Chris Chen ◽  
Gregory Zywicki ◽  
Brad Blaski ◽  
James Blenman
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Spot Welds ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Ultra High Strength Steels

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Variation and Pre-Sustained Loading on the Bond between Basalt FRP Sheets and Concrete

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Jun He ◽  
Zhongyu Lu ◽  
Sirong Tan ◽  
Tamon Ueda ◽  
Yunfeng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Sustained Loading ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The coupled effects of temperature variation and pre-sustained loading on the bond between basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets and a concrete substrate were studied. Single lap-shear test specimens were exposed to temperatures of 15, 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C for 3 h with pre-sustained loading at 35% of the ultimate load capacity (Fu). Compared with the case of 15 °C, the interfacial fracture energy of the specimens at 30 and 40 °C increased by 46% and 11%, respectively, whereas those reduced by 73% and 77% at 50 and 60 °C, respectively. The coupled effects of temperature and pre-sustained loading on the effective bond length are insignificant for the specimens at both 15 and 30 °C and the effective bond length increased to 300 mm when the temperature exceeded 40 °C. The failure crack still occurred in the concrete substrate at the temperatures of 15 and 30 °C, and changed to the debonding of the adhesive layer from the concrete substrate at the temperature above 30 °C.

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