Monitoring wells: measurement of permeability with minimal modification of groundwater

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Chapuis ◽  
Gilles Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Permeability Test ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Monitoring Well ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Check Test ◽  
Minimal Modification

It is important to verify whether a monitoring well has been correctly sealed in the ground in order to avoid vertical cross-communication between aquifers and thus prevent misleading results for the piezometric level and the degree of contamination. This may be done with an in situ falling-head permeability test. A monitoring well is used to sample groundwater, so it is not recommended to introduce a different quality water to perform the permeability check test. The test should be performed preferably with the local groundwater. A method is described in which a stainless steel and teflon bladder pump, a packer, a water pressure transducer, and a field computer are used to perform a falling-head permeability test. Many test results can be stored in the field computer before transferring its data into a microcomputer. The results may then be presented in the form of tables and graphics to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the tested layer, and to verify whether the installation of the monitoring well is correct. Results of field tests are presented to illustrate this method. Key words: groundwater, contamination, permeability, monitoring.

scholarly journals In-Situ and Laboratory Investigation on Leaching and Effects of Early Curing of Shotcrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Andreas Sjölander ◽  
Anders Ansell
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Sprayed Concrete ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rock Tunnel ◽  
Short Time

Abstract During the construction of a rock tunnel in Stockholm, several sections with leaching shotcrete (sprayed concrete) were found one year after the spraying was completed. An investigation was therefore conducted, and its results are presented in this paper. The amount of leaching after such a short time indicated that a one-sided water pressure existed in combination with a permeable shotcrete. The reason for the water pressure was likely a partly unsuccessful grouting that created sections with leaking water. The permeable shotcrete could be a combined result of insufficient curing and the use of accelerators, and the effect of in-situ curing was therefore investigated. A total of six slabs were sprayed and cured under different conditions in the tunnel. Test results according to standards indicated that curing has no significant effect on the development of mechanical strength or water penetration through the shotcrete. However, this is believed to be a result of the test method rather than the non-existing effect of curing. Lastly, some modifications to the test standard were proposed for future studies of in-situ curing.

scholarly journals Instrumented Impact Cone Penetrometer

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Dayal ◽  
John H. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Penetration Mechanism ◽  
Side Friction ◽  
Local Side

The present paper describes the development of an instrumented impact cone penetrometer for a direct measurement of in situ strength properties of a soil target. The developed penetrometer, in addition to providing acceleration signatures (as obtained by previous investigators), is capable of recording cone thrust and local side friction simultaneously and continuously. The procedures have been outlined for estimating in situ strength properties and soil type of the target materials throughout the penetrated depth from the output records of these sensors. Typical test results generated from an on-going experimental program aimed at providing the data for (1) understanding the penetration mechanism, (2) development of penetration theory, and (3) designing the penetrometer for field tests, i.e. in situ testing of ocean floor soils, are also presented.

scholarly journals A pore water pressure model calibration based on in-situ test results

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chiaradonna ◽  
Alessandro Flora ◽  
Anna d'Onofrio ◽  
Emilio Bilotta
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
In Situ Test

scholarly journals Effectiveness of two field methods of saturating near surface concrete on the water permeability of in situ concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Muhammed Basheer ◽  
Sreejith Nanukuttan ◽  
Yun Bai ◽  
Adrian Long
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Permeability Test ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Vacuum Saturation ◽  
Electrical Resistance Measurements

Determining the water permeability of concrete in structures remains a challenge because of difficulties in removing the influence of its moisture content. Saturating concrete with water could be one option, but this is not easy to achieve on site. This paper reports a testing programme carried out to assess the reliability and effectiveness of two field saturation methods, viz. vacuum saturation and ponding. The water permeability test results after applying the vacuum saturation and ponding were compared with that obtained after incremental immersion. It was found that ponding was unable to remove the influence of moisture, whilst vacuum saturation was effective for wet concretes. The results obtained from the electrical resistance measurements after incremental immersion suggested that the water permeability of concretes can be accurately determined by carrying out in situ permeability tests if the near surface region up to a depth of 25 mm is fully saturated.

Environmental Partitioning of Herding Agents Used During an In-Situ Burning Field Study in Alaska

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2935-2954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Bullock ◽  
Srijan Aggarwal ◽  
Robert Perkins ◽  
William Schnabel ◽  
Patrik Sartz
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Environmental Compartments

ABSTRACT # 2017-148 2017 In-situ burning presents an attractive oil spill response option with high oil removal efficiency and low personnel requirements. In recent times, surfactant chemicals termed ‘herding agents’ have been proposed to promote collection/thickening of spilled oil to facilitate in-situ burning activities. The approach could prove specifically useful in light pack ice and general Arctic conditions. In April 2015, a series of five in-situ burning field tests were conducted in Fairbanks, Alaska, in a large, 8100 m2 man-made test basin, which successfully demonstrated the ability to aerially conduct an entire herder-assisted in-situ burn activity, including herder application and oil ignition. During the demonstration, samples were collected from the water in the basin (prior to, during and after the tests), from the burn residue in the basin, and atmospheric samples during the burn with the goal to understand the environmental partitioning of OP-40 herder compound immediately after the demonstration. The basin tests were a closed system which allowed insight to herder fate and transport, although the concentrations measured were unrepresentative of what would happen in the open sea. Analytical methods were developed for quantification of herders in water, air and are currently being evaluated for the burn residue. Test results indicate no herder in the air samples. Unlike the ocean, where the small amounts of herder would rapidly disperse, the water confined in the basin enabled us to study the partitioning of herder between the water and residue and also observe the biodegradation of herder over time. The results from this study provide a useful snapshot of partitioning of herder in various environmental compartments. Future directions include corroborating these findings with precise laboratory measurements.

scholarly journals Cutting Resistance Laboratory Testing Methodology for Underwater Coal Mining

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Vladimir Čebašek ◽  
Veljko Rupar ◽  
Stevan Đenadić ◽  
Filip Miletić
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
Testing Methodology

The bucket-wheel dredge “Kovin I” for underwater coal mining with bucket-wheel type UCW-450 has been in operation for over 20 years. Based on analyzing the bucket-wheel dredger performance, productivity, maintenance costs, and reliability, a rational decision was made: to rehabilitate the most essential parts of the dredge, including the bucket wheel and the gearbox. However, the selection and construction of the excavator parts were performed on the ground of available laboratory data for digging resistance. The data itself was determined by the testing methodology that did not include the influence of surrounding water pressure at a certain depth of mining. According to the previous findings, it was necessary to develop a specific research and testing program that would involve appropriate laboratory testing of the geomechanical parameters. These were to represent the influence of hydrostatic water pressure on the working environment—coal. Nevertheless, geomechanical laboratory research tests were initially modified to provide reliable data of cutting resistance, especially in the water under different hydrostatic pressures, fully simulating the “in situ” working conditions of mining, i.e., cutting.

scholarly journals Underwater Holographic Sensor for Plankton Studies In Situ Including Accompanying Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4863
Author(s):  
Victor Dyomin ◽  
Alexandra Davydova ◽  
Igor Polovtsev ◽  
Alexey Olshukov ◽  
Nikolay Kirillov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Size Dispersion

The paper presents an underwater holographic sensor to study marine particles—a miniDHC digital holographic camera, which may be used as part of a hydrobiological probe for accompanying (background) measurements. The results of field measurements of plankton are given and interpreted, their verification is performed. Errors of measurements and classification of plankton particles are estimated. MiniDHC allows measurement of the following set of background data, which is confirmed by field tests: plankton concentration, average size and size dispersion of individuals, particle size distribution, including on major taxa, as well as water turbidity and suspension statistics. Version of constructing measuring systems based on modern carriers of operational oceanography for the purpose of ecological diagnostics of the world ocean using autochthonous plankton are discussed. The results of field measurements of plankton using miniDHC as part of a hydrobiological probe are presented and interpreted, and their verification is carried out. The results of comparing the data on the concentration of individual taxa obtained using miniDHC with the data obtained by the traditional method using plankton catching with a net showed a difference of no more than 23%. The article also contains recommendations for expanding the potential of miniDHC, its purpose indicators, and improving metrological characteristics.

Preliminary Study on In Situ Realtime Quantitation of Target Bacteria on the Principle of Flow Cytometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Gen Murakami ◽  
Yuichi Sugai ◽  
Kyuro Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Measurement Principle ◽  
Preliminary Study

In-situ realtime method that can monitor the target bacteria should be used to determine the real situation of the bacteria in deep parts of heaps in heap bioleaching plants. This study suggest to apply flow cytometry technology to in-situ realtime monitoring of target bacteria. Flow cytometry is a method that can rapidly quantify the bacterial cells in bacterial suspension based on the detection of lights that are emitted from bacterial cells. In this study, we estimated the possibility of the application of flow cytometry to the selective detection of target bacteria. The bacterial culture solution that had been diluted by water including other bacteria was provided for fluorescence spectral analysis and scattered light analysis that were functions of flow cytometry. Our target bacteria could be selectively detected by those analyses in this study, therefore, it was shown that the flow cytometry could be useful for detecting target bacteria selectively. Because the measurement principle of flow cytometry is quite simple, it can be expected to be installed into deep heaps through the monitoring wells and determine the dominance of target bacteria in-situ and realtime in the future.

scholarly journals Estimation of Outdoor PM2.5 Infiltration into Multifamily Homes Depending on Building Characteristics Using Regression Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5708
Author(s):  
Bo-Ram Park ◽  
Ye-Seul Eom ◽  
Dong-Hee Choi ◽  
Dong-Hwa Kang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The purpose of this study was to evaluate outdoor PM2.5 infiltration into multifamily homes according to the building characteristics using regression models. Field test results from 23 multifamily homes were analyzed to investigate the infiltration factor and building characteristics including floor area, volume, outer surface area, building age, and airtightness. Correlation and regression analysis were then conducted to identify the building factor that is most strongly associated with the infiltration of outdoor PM2.5. The field tests revealed that the average PM2.5 infiltration factor was 0.71 (±0.19). The correlation analysis of the building characteristics and PM2.5 infiltration factor revealed that building airtightness metrics (ACH50, ELA/FA, and NL) had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation (r = 0.70, 0.69, and 0.68, respectively) with the infiltration factor. Following the correlation analysis, a regression model for predicting PM2.5 infiltration based on the ACH50 airtightness index was proposed. The study confirmed that the outdoor-origin PM2.5 concentration in highly leaky units could be up to 1.59 times higher than that in airtight units.

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