Acidic exopolysaccharide from Penicillium allahabadense

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rupérez ◽  
B. Gomez-Miranda ◽  
J. A. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

Penicillium allahabadense grown statically in liquid medium formed an extracellular polysaccharide which was collected by precipitation with ethanol (fraction A). The mycelium mat retained a considerable amount of polysaccharide extractable with water, which did not precipitate with ethanol but precipitated with FeCl3 (fraction B). Both fractions were formed mainly by glucose and malonic acid. Their optical rotation values and infrared spectra indicated β configuration. From fraction A was obtained the polysaccharide in the acid form (fraction C), whose equivalent weight is 425, and the demalonylated polysaccharide (fraction D). The main linkage type among glucose residues in the demalonylated polysaccharide, determined after Smith degradation, was 1 → 6. The main component obtained by methylation analysis was 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-glucitol.

scholarly journals A glucan from active dry baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): A chemical and enzymatic investigation of the structure

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Zlatkovic ◽  
Dragica Jakovljevic ◽  
Djordje Zekovic ◽  
Miroslav Vrvic
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Main Structural Feature ◽  
Or Groups

The structure of a polysaccharide consisting of D-glucose isolated from the cell-wall of active dry baker?s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was investigated by using methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and enzymic hydrolysis, as a new approach in determination of structures. The main structural feature of the polysaccharide deduced on the basis of the obtained results is a linear chain of (1?3)-linked ?-D-glucopyranoses, a part of which is substituted through the positions O-6. The side units or groups are either a single D-glucopyranose or (1?3)-?-oligoglucosides, linked to the main chaing through (1?6)-glucosidic linkages. The low optical rotation as well as the 13C-NMR and FTIR spectra suggest that the glycosidic linkages are in the ?-D-configuration.

scholarly journals Characterization of two cell-wall polysaccharides from Fusicoccum amygdali

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Obaidah ◽  
K. W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

1. The nature of two polysaccharides (s020 values 6S and 2S respectively in 1m-sodium hydroxide), comprising a fragment (fraction BB, [α]D +236° in 1m-sodium hydroxide), previously isolated from cell walls of Fusicoccum amygdali, has been investigated. 2. Both the major (2S) and minor (6S) components were affected by incubation with α-amylase. The 6S polysaccharide was also attacked by exo-β-(1→3)-glucanase, which is evidence that it contained both α-(1→4)- and β-(1→3)-glucopyranose linkages. By fractionation of the products of α-amylase-treated fraction BB it was possible to obtain a water-insoluble polysaccharide, fraction P ([α]D +290° in 1m-sodium hydroxide, 67% of fraction BB) and a water-soluble polysaccharide, fraction Q ([α]D +16° in 1m-sodium hydroxide, 11% of fraction BB), both of which sedimented as single boundaries with s020 values (in 1m-sodium hydroxide) of 1.7S and 4.6S respectively. 3. Evidence from periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, i.r. spectroscopy and partial acid hydrolysis showed that fraction P consisted of linear chains of α-(1→3)-glucopyranose units with blocks of one or two α-(1→4)-glucopyranose units interspersed at intervals along the main chain. The 2S polysaccharide, from which fraction P is derived, evidently also contains longer blocks of α-(1→4)-glucopyranose units, that are susceptible to α-amylase action. 4. Fraction Q consisted of glucose (88%) with small amounts of galactose, mannose and rhamnose. Evidence from digestion with exo- and endo-β-(1→3)-glucanases, periodate oxidation and methylation analysis suggests that fraction Q consists of a branched galactomannorhamnan core, to which is attached a β-(1→3)-, β-(1→6)-glucan. In the cell wall, chains of α-(1→4)-linked glucopyranose units are linked to fraction Q to form the 6S component of fraction BB.

Synthesis of anisomycin. Part I. The stereospecific synthesis of N-benzoyl-2-(p-methoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-carboxamido pyrrolidine and the absolute configuration of anisomycin

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Specific Rotation ◽  
Stereospecific Synthesis ◽  
Specific Optical Rotation ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Absolute Stereochemistry

L-Tyrosine was converted stereospecifically to N-benzoyl-2-(p-methoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-cyanopyrrolidine (10) which had a specific optical rotation [Formula: see text]. Anisomycin was converted also to N-benzoyl-2-(p-methoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-cyanopyrrolidine (16) which had a specific rotation [Formula: see text]. The infrared spectra of the synthetic compound and the derivative of anisomycin were superimposable with each other. This result showed that the absolute configuration of the three asymmetric centers in (10) of synthetic origin were 2S, 3S, 4S, and those in (16) were 2R, 3R, 4R. Thus, anisomycin should have the absolute stereochemistry 2R, 3S, 4S as depicted in the structure (2). Hydrolysis of the hydroxy nitriles (8) and (10) gave an identical amide (3) which should have the absolute stereochemistry 2S, 3S, 4R as shown in structure (3).

scholarly journals Infrared spectra of some fructans

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grube ◽  
M. Bekers ◽  
D. Upite ◽  
E. Kaminska
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Main Component

The FT–IR spectra of fructan – inulin (RAFTILINE), widely applied in the food industry and crystalline fructose as the main component of fructans, were studied. Special interest was to study the spectra of the levan precipitate and fructan syrup – produced byZymomonas mobilisduring the fermentation on sucrose–based medium.It was shown that levan precipitate and fructose syrup does not contain lipids and nucleic acids. Levan precipitate consists of ∼93% of fructose and admixture of glucose, mannan and enzyme – levansucrase. Fructan polymer inulin consists principally of linear chains of fructosyl units linked by aβ(2–1) bonds ended by a glycosyl unit. The links between the molecules are of a very special type: theβ(2–1) form (2) [8]. The bacterial fructans of the levan type are high molecular weight polymers, i.e., they are composed ofβ–(2,6)–ructosyl–fructose linked molecules and side chains [17]. The FT–IR spectra of levan, apart from inulin’s, in the carbohydrate region 900–1200 cm–1, shows overlapping broad band with maximum at ∼1030 cm–1and stronger absorption at ∼940 cm–1. The differences in both spectra could be caused by different structure and glucose, sucrose and mannan influence.

Changes in the hemicellulosic polysaccharides of Avena coleoptile cell walls during growth of intact seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Herrera ◽  
Ignacio Zarra
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Soluble Part

The variations taking place in the major polysaccharides of the cell wall of Avena sativa L. cv. Victory coleoptiles were studied during growth. Two fractions were obtained, one corresponding to cellulose and the other to the hemicelluloses. The relative content of cellulose was greater in the basal regions of the coleoptiles and the proportion of this polysaccharide fraction increased in all regions during growth. The hemicellulosic fraction was composed of two parts, an insoluble one designated the HC A hemicellulosic fraction, whose main component was seen to be an insoluble xyloglucan, and a soluble part designated the HC B hemicellulosic fraction, composed of an arabinoxylan and a (β1-3)- or (β1-4)-glucan. This latter was degraded during the growth of the coleoptiles. The average molecular weight of hemicelluloses HC A and HC B decreased from the sub-apical zones to the basal zones of the coleoptiles; this was related to the growth capacity of each of the regions into which the coleoptiles were divided.

scholarly journals Electron and Fluorescence Microscopy of Extracellular Glucan and Aryl-Alcohol Oxidase during Wheat-Straw Degradation by Pleurotus eryngii

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Barrasa ◽  
A. Gutiérrez ◽  
V. Escaso ◽  
F. Guillén ◽  
M. J. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Alcohol Oxidase ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Double Labeling

ABSTRACT The ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus eryngii grown in liquid medium secreted extracellular polysaccharide (87% glucose) and the H2O2-producing enzyme aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO). The production of both was stimulated by wheat-straw. Polyclonal antibodies against purified AAO were obtained, and a complex of glucanase and colloidal gold was prepared. With these tools, the localization of AAO and extracellular glucan in mycelium from liquid medium and straw degraded under solid-state fermentation conditions was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy. These studies revealed that P. eryngii produces a hyphal sheath consisting of a thin glucan layer. This sheath appeared to be involved in both mycelial adhesion to the straw cell wall during degradation and AAO immobilization on hyphal surfaces, with the latter evidenced by double labeling. AAO distribution during differential degradation of straw tissues was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, TEM immunogold studies confirmed that AAO penetrates the plant cell wall during P. eryngiidegradation of wheat straw.

scholarly journals Presence of fucosamine in teichuronic acid of the alkalophilic Bacillus strain C-125

1986 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Aono ◽  
M Uramoto
Keyword(s):  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Strain ◽  
Analysis Measurement ◽  
Teichuronic Acid ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Alkalophilic Bacillus ◽  
Cellulose Column

Cell walls of the alkalophilic Bacillus strain C-125 are composed of gamma-peptidoglycan, teichuronic acid and a polymer of glucuronate and glutamate. An amino sugar that was a main component of the teichuronic acid did not correspond to any of the commercially available hexosamines. The amino sugar was purified into crystalline form from the hydrolysate of the teichuronic acid by ion-exchange chromatography and then partition chromatography on a cellulose column. The amino sugar was identified as D-fucosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactose) by 400 MHz n.m.r. spectrometric analysis, measurement of optical rotation and elemental analysis.

Comparison of extracellular polysaccharide of Xanthomonas campestris from culture and from infected cabbage leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Sutton ◽  
Paul H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Repeated Precipitation

The extracellular polysaccharide fraction of Xanthomonas campestris was precipitated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide from aqueous extracts of cabbage leaves infected with the black rot pathogen, and further purified by repeated precipitation with ethanol. The polysaccharide fraction was shown to be similar to extracellular polysaccharide fraction purified from culture fitlrates of X. campestris. Sugars present in samples of acid-hydrolyzed polysaccharide were identified by gas–liquid chromatography. Chromatograms showed that polysaccharide purified from infected cabbage leaves contained glucose, mannose, and glucuronolactone in ratios similar to those of the polysaccharide from culture filtrates. Polysaccharide purified from noninfected cabbage leaves contained only glucose and galactose. The polysaccharide from infected cabbage leaves was serologically related to polysaccharide from culture filtrates. In immunodiffusion tests both the polysaccharide fractions from culture filtrates and that from infected leaves reacted to give two precipitin bands with an antiserum to the polysaccharide from culture filtrates. No precipitin bands formed with polysaccharide from noninfected leaves. Antibodies against the culture polysaccharide were completely removed from the antiserum by the polysaccharides isolated from infected cabbage leaves. A weakly virulent isolate of X. campestris did not produce extracellular polysaccharide in culture filtrates.

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