Antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify sources of fecal contamination in water

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Kaspar ◽  
Janie L. Burgess ◽  
Ivor T. Knight ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Key Words Escherichia Coli

A total of 202 Escherichia coli isolated from urban and rural water were tested with 11 antibiotics to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance from each source. Urban waters harbored higher percentages of resistant E. coli strains than rural waters. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli may offer an index of water quality related to source. Key words: Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance, indicator.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Water Quality, Antibiotic Residues, and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in the Kshipra River in India over a 3-Year Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7706
Author(s):  
Nada Hanna ◽  
Manju Purohit ◽  
Vishal Diwan ◽  
Salesh P. Chandran ◽  
Emilia Riggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Measured Water

The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major global and environmental health issue, yet the presence of antibiotic residues and resistance in the water and sediment of a river subjected to excessive anthropogenic activities and their relationship with water quality of the river are not well studied. The objectives of the present study were a) to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the water and sediment of the Kshipra river in India at seven selected sites during different seasons of the years 2014, 2015, and 2016 and b) to investigate the association between antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant E. coli in water and sediment and measured water quality parameters of the river. Antibiotic residues and resistant E. coli were present in the water and sediment and were associated with the measured water quality parameters. Sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected antibiotic in water at the highest concentration of 4.66 µg/L and was positively correlated with the water quality parameters. Significant (p < 0.05) seasonal and spatial variations of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in water and sediment were found. The resistance of E. coli to antibiotics (e.g., sulfamethiazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacine, cefotaxime, co-trimoxazole, ceftazidime, meropenem, ampicillin, amikacin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and tigecycline) had varying associations with the measured water and sediment quality parameters. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that regular monitoring and surveillance of water quality, including antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance, of all rivers should be taken up as a key priority, in national and Global Action Plans as these can have implications for the buildup of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance in Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3996-4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Sáenz ◽  
Laura Briñas ◽  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Myriam Zarazaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Human Animal

ABSTRACT Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

The effect of fasting and diet on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Buchko ◽  
R. A. Holley ◽  
W. O. Olson ◽  
V. P. J. Gannon ◽  
D. M. Veira
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Key Words Escherichia Coli

Cattle naturally infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7 were used to assess the effects of diet and feed withdrawal on the fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Animals were fed an 80% concentrate diet (80% barley and 20% alfalfa silage), fasted for 48 h, fed a 100% forage diet (alfalfa silage), fasted for 48 h, and subsequently re-fed 100% forage (alfalfa silage). There were no differences in the numbers of animals positive for the shedding of E. coli O157:H7 when fed an 80% barley diet or an all-forage diet (P > 0.05) or during the fasting periods following each diet (P > 0.05). Upon re-feeding an all-forage diet following a 48-h fast, animals positive for E. coli O157:H7 shedding increased (P < 0.05), with 42.5% of the animals shedding the pathogen after 5 d. Re-feeding 100% forage following fasting appeared to have increased the number of animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 in their feces, which may have been influenced by diet in addition to fasting. Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, fasting, diet, cattle, fecal shedding

Detection of Escherichia coli cytotoxins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan I. Speirs ◽  
Mumtaz Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Vero Cell ◽  
Key Words ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treated Cell ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Immunosorbent Assays ◽  
Key Words Escherichia Coli

Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to detect Escherichia coli cytotoxins. Wells were coated with monoclonal antibodies from hybridomas 13C4 and (or) 11E10, and biotin conjugates of these antibodies were used for detecting verotoxin 1 and Shiga-like toxin II, respectively. Sensitivities were about 100 and 200 cytotoxic doses, respectively. Verotoxin 2 was detected by ELISA with monoclonal antibody 11E10, but at a sensitivity of only about 4000 cytotoxic doses. ELISA results of polymyxin-treated cell extracts from cultures of 67 E. coli strains were in agreement with Vero cell assay as regards the presence and type of toxin. Key words: Escherichia coli, cytotoxin, ELISA.

Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance E. Coli and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Aquatic Environment of Taihu Lake, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ni Han ◽  
Song He Zhang ◽  
Pei Fang Wang ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Realtime Pcr

The aims of this study are to evaluate multiple antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water and to investigate the presence and distribution antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sediments of Taihu Lake. The results show that the presentence of four ARGs concentrations in the sediments of the lake was in sequence: strB>qnrB>strA>qnrS, as determined by realtime-PCR technique. The southwest and east areas of Taihu Lake were polluted seriously than other areas from all kinds of antibiotics. The screening Escherichia coli had a higher resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin than other four antibiotics, and had a lowest resistance to levofloxacin.

scholarly journals The rationale for introducing the indices «Generalized coliform bacteria» and «Escherichia coli» into the scheme of sanitary and microbiological control of water quality as indices of fecal contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1359
Author(s):  
Angelika V. Zagainova ◽  
Galina M. Trukhina ◽  
Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Tamara Z. Artemova ◽  
Marina A. Sukhina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Introduction. The increasing bacterial contamination of water bodies requires an increase in water quality control’s reliability to ensure epidemic safety against waterborne infections. Therefore, researchers in both Russia and Europe came to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for indicator microorganisms that can more accurately suggest the presence of pathogens. microorganisms in water than traditional indicators. The aim of the study was to justify the introduction of indicator indices of fecal contamination “generalized coliform bacteria” and Escherichia coli to assess the safety of drinking water Material and methods. The article provides an analysis of domestic and international regulatory documents and literary materials regulating the quality of drinking water in terms of sanitary and microbiological indicators and assessment criteria. The results of many years of experimental and field research carried out by research organizations and practical organizations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare are presented. Results. On the territory of Russia, “general coliform bacteria,” is one of the indicator indices chosen according to the fermentation of lactose, determine the safety of drinking water. The water does not take into account pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella) and a number of lactose-negative opportunistic bacteria, causative agents of intestinal infections. The study of microorganisms isolated from the feces of patients confirms the frequency of occurrence of lactose-negative microorganisms to varying from 20 to 100% of strains. With an annual trend towards a decrease in the percentage of non-standard drinking water samples in terms of microbiological indices, general intestinal infections (GII) of unknown etiology increase, i.e. risk of GII. If the quality of drinking water does not correspond to thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB), 95% of samples contain E. coli. Therefore, the determination of E. coli more reliably indicates the intake of fresh fecal contamination and provides efficiency in taking measures to eliminate an unfavorable situation than TCB. Conclusion. Reasons are given for the introduction of more reliable microbiological indicators of water safety control, such as - “generalized coliform bacteria” with the preservation of the abbreviation GCB, combining both lactose-positive and lactose-negative bacteria, determined by the sign of glucose fermentation, negative oxidase test and negative stain according to Gram and E. coli as an indicator of recent faecal contamination, which will allow the assessment of water quality for a wide range of bacteria of the order Enterobacterials, corresponding to the modern taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae NCBI, will ensure harmonization with international requirements and the safety of drinking water for the population.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Water: A Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Mohammad Khan ◽  
Rajiv Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Pollution Indicator

Escherichia coli or E. coli is a member of the fecal coliform group and is a more specific indicator of fecal contamination than other fecal coliform species, its presence indicate possibly presence of harmful bacteria which will cause diseases and it also suggests the extent as well as the nature of the contaminants. E. coli bacteria able to survive in water for 4 &ndash; 12 weeks and at present, it appears as an indicator to provide the accurate bacterial contamination of fecal matter in drinking water, because of the availability of simple, affordable, fast, sensitive and exact detection techniques. According to the laboratory experiment based techniques, 24 - 48 hours are required for the bacterial concentration to be reported. So, there is a necessity for continuous monitoring. Techniques for detection of many pathogenic bacterial strains are not yet available, sometimes days to weeks are required to get the results. To overcome the difficulties, expensive and time-consuming techniques are required to detect, count and identify the presence of specific bacterial strain. Public health relies on online monitoring of water quality that depends majorly on examination of fecal indicator bacteria, thus protection of health requires fecal pollution indicator so that it is not required to analyze drinking water to overcome the problems associated with waterborne diseases. This paper will brief the classification, sources, survival of E. coli bacteria and its correlation with basic water quality parameters in water sources.```

scholarly journals Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Some Multiple Antibiotic Resistant E. coli from Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
O. C. Adekunle ◽  
A. J. Falade- Fatila ◽  
R. Ojedele ◽  
G. Odewale
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The emerging drug resistance, especially among the Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolates from pregnant women, spread rapidly within the community. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a well-known bacterial infection posing serious health problem in pregnant women. Also, multi-drug resistance is becoming rampant, and it is of serious public health concern. Treatment of E. coli is now a challenge due to continuous increase in resistance towards commonly prescribed antibiotics, thus posing a threat to treatment. Hence, the aim of the study is to determine antibiotic resistance genes in some multiple antibiotic resistant E.coli from apparently healthy pregnant women in Osun State. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect 150 mid-stream urine samples from apparently healthy pregnant women from March, 2018 to September, 2018. A well structured questionnaire and informed consent were used for data collection. Standard loop technique was used to place 0.001 ml of urine on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) medium, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The molecular detection of the resistant genes was done using PCR techniques. The ages of women enrolled in this study ranges from 22 to 42 years (mean ± standard deviation = 31 ± 4.7 years). Escherichia coli showed high percentage of resistance to ampicillin and low resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin. All the E. coli isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin, and most were resistant to Meropenem. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all the isolates. Resistance genes in VIM 390bp, bla ctx-M 585bp and TEM 517bp were detected in some of the representative E. coli isolates profiled. This study identified the presence of Multi-drug resistance genes in E. coli associated UTI among pregnant women in Osogbo.

Characterization of antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli from soil fertilized with litter of broiler chickens fed antimicrobial-supplemented diets

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Merchant ◽  
Heidi Rempel ◽  
Tom Forge ◽  
Tissa Kannangara ◽  
Shabtai Bittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants of Escherichia coli from soil amended with litter from 36-day-old broiler chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) fed with diets supplemented with a variety of antimicrobial agents. Soil samples were collected from plots before and periodically after litter application in August to measure E. coli numbers. A total of 295 E. coli were isolated from fertilized soil samples between August and March. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre, and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the presence of resistance and virulence genes. The results confirmed that E. coli survived and could be quantified by direct plate count for at least 7 months in soil following litter application in August. The effects of feed supplementation were observed on E. coli numbers in November and January. Among the 295 E. coli, the highest antibiotic resistance level was observed against tetracycline and β-lactams associated mainly with the resistance genes tetB and blaCMY-2, respectively. Significant treatment effects were observed for phylogenetic groups, antibiotic resistance profiles, and virulence gene frequencies. Serotyping, phylogenetic grouping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed that multiple-antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic E. coli can survive in soil fertilized with litter for several months regardless of antimicrobials used in the feed.

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