scholarly journals Extra- and intra-cellular lipases from a thermophilic Rhizopus oryzae and factors affecting their production

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 978-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Salleh ◽  
R. Musani ◽  
M. Basri ◽  
K. Ampon ◽  
W. M. Z. Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Steep Liquor

A thermophilic Rhizopus oryzae was isolated, and parameters affecting its production of extra- and intra-cellular lipases were investigated. All carbon sources tested with the exception of sucrose generally inhibited the production of extracellular lipase, but enhanced the production of intracellular lipase. Peptone was the best substrate for extracellular enzyme production, but for intracellular lipase production other substrates such as tryptone, tryptic soy digest, polypeptone, and corn steep liquor gave comparable results. Among lipid substrates, glycerol was the only stimulator of extracellular enzyme production, whereas olive oil, triolein, and oleic acid had very positive effects on intracellular enzyme production. Shaking enhanced the production of both types of enzymes; the temperature optima were 45 and 37 °C for extra- and intra-cellular lipases, respectively. A pH of 5.0 was optimal for production of both enzymes.Key words: lipases, Rhizopus oryzae, production.

Studies on the possible relationships of microbodies and multivesicular bodies to oxalate, endopolygalacturonase, and cellulase (Cx) production by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Maxwell ◽  
Paul H. Williams ◽  
Martha D. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
High Production

The possible functional role of vesicles and crystal-containing microbodies in the production of oxalate, endopolygalacturonase, or cellulase by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was investigated. The presence of multivesicular bodies in hyphal tips was not correlated with secretion or production of oxalate or these extracellular hydrolases. More crystal-containing microbodies were present in hyphal tips grown on media which supported greater extracellular enzyme production. No correlation existed between numbers of crystal-containing microbodies in hyphal tips and production of oxalate. Numerous membrane-bound vesicles (0.09–0.18 µm diam) were associated with tips grown on a D-glucose–Na succinate medium which supported high production of oxalate. The general ultrastructural organization of these hyphal tips was similar to that reported for other ascomycetes. Differences in numbers and distributions of organelles were observed between hyphal tips and older hyphae as well as between hyphal tips grown on the different carbon sources.

scholarly journals Improvement of lipase production from Geotrichum sp. in shaken flasks

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resende Maldonadoa ◽  
Luiz Pancieraa ◽  
Alves Macedob ◽  
Marcio Mazuttic ◽  
Francisco Maugeria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Inoculum Age ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Inoculum Volume ◽  
Steep Liquor

This work is focused on the study of different variables on inoculum build-up aiming to improve the lipase production by Geotrichum sp. by means a sequential strategy of experimental design. The effects of inoculum size, corn steep liquor concentration, volume of inoculum, pH of medium, age of inoculum and soybean oil concentration on lipase activity were assessed by means of two factorial experimental designs. A maximum lipase activity of 35.20?0.8 U/mL was obtained with a inoculum composed of one circular area of 0.78cm2 containing spores, 50 mL of inoculum volume medium, 12 hours of inoculum age, 15% w/v of corn steep liquor concentration, 1.0%w/v of soybean oil concentration and initial pH 5.0 at 30?C and 150 rpm in flasks. This work showed that an enhancement of lipase activity can be obtained using a sequential statistical factorial approach to define the variables for inoculum build-up.

High-yield kraft pulping of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden biotreated by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under two different culture conditions

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Paulo Vicentim ◽  
Robson de Almeida Faria ◽  
André Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora ◽  
Steep Liquor

AbstractIn the present study, it was evaluated how two different culture conditions for the biotreatment ofEucalyptus grandisbyCeriporiopsis subvermisporaaffect a subsequent high-yield kraft pulping process. Under the varied culture conditions investigated, different extracellular enzyme activities were observed. Manganese-peroxidase (MnP) secretion was 3.7 times higher in cultures supplemented with glucose plus corn-steep liquor (glucose/CSL) as compared to non-supplemented (NS) cultures. The biotreated samples underwent diverse levels of wood component degradation as losses of weight and lignin were increased in glucose/CSL cultures. Mass balances for lignin removal during kraft pulping showed that delignification was facilitated when both biotreated wood samples were cooked. Delignification efficiency did not correlate positively with MnP levels in the cultures. On the other hand, biopulps from NS and glucose/CSL cultures saved 27% and 38% beating time to achieve 28° Schopper-Riegler freeness during refining, respectively. Biopulps disposed of decreased tensile and tear resistances, thus easier refining of the biokraft pulps seems to be a consequence of less resistant fiber walls. Improved beatability of biopulps was tentatively related to short fibers and fines formation during refining. We suggest that to some extent polysaccharide depolymerization occurred during the biotreatment, which also resulted in diminished pulp yields in the case of glucose/CSL cultures.

Extracellular constitutive production of pullulan-hydrolysing activity by Sclerotium rolfsii

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant S. Kelkar ◽  
Anil H. Lachke ◽  
Mukund V. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Native Enzyme ◽  
Specific Viscosity ◽  
Constitutive Production ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Steep Liquor

Extracellular constitutive pullulan-hydrolysing activity was detected in Sclerotium rolfsii (1.05 μmol glucose equivalents liberated∙mL−1∙min−1) when cultivated in a synthetic medium containing starch as the carbon source. The influence of various inorganic nitrogen and carbon sources, surfactants, and organic supplements on the production of pullulan-hydrolysing activity was studied. In an optimized medium supplemented with 1% corn steep liquor, increased yields of enzyme activity (1.8 μmol∙mL−1∙min−1) were obtained. The enzyme was most active at pH 4.2 and was stable in the pH range of 3.5–5.5. The optimum temperature for pullulan hydrolysis was 50 °C and the activity was stable in the temperature range of 25–60 °C at pH 4.2 for 30 min. The Ea for the native enzyme from the Arrhenius plot with pullulan as a substrate was 22.6 kJ∙mol−1. The Km value for the native enzyme with pullulan as a substrate was 8.33 mg∙mL−1. The enzyme did not produce glucose or maltose from pullulan. Inability of the enzyme to rapidly decrease the specific viscosity (ηsp) of a 1% pullulan solution indicated susceptibility of α-(1 → 6) and not α-(1 → 4) linkages.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE USTILAGINALES: V. FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION OF USTILAGIC ACID BY USTILAGO ZEAE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Thorn ◽  
R. H. Haskins
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Media ◽  
Steep Liquor

In a study of factors affecting the formation of ustilagic acid by Ustilago zeae (PRL 119) in submerged culture, yields of the acid ranging from 5 to 23 mgm. per ml. were obtained in three to five days, depending upon the concentration of medium constituents and the rate of aeration. The media employed contained cerelose, urea, corn steep liquor, and inorganic salts. Yields of ustilagic acid were usually between 8 and 15 mgm. per ml., corresponding to 12 to 23% conversion of the available glucose, on a carbon basis. Yields of the acid increased with increasing rates of aeration. Urea gave slightly higher yields than did the ammonium salts tested. Corn steep liquor concentration was optimal at 0.06%. Yields of ustilagic acid increased with increasing cerelose concentration, but the rate of conversion of carbohydrate into the acid decreased. About the same yields of ustilagic acid were obtained in shaken 500-ml. flasks, in nine-liter, and 30-liter fermentors.

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS AND GROWTH CONDITIONS FOR PRODUCTION OF LACTASE ENZYME BY SACCHAROMYCES FRAGILIS1

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Wendorff ◽  
C. H. Amundson ◽  
N. F. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Steep Liquor

Lactase enzyme was produced by Saccharomyces fragilis NRRL Y-1109 grown in deproteinized Cheddar cheese whey. Nutrients and growth conditions required for maximum lactase production were determined. Lactose concentration, sources of growth factors; temperature of incubation, and pH of the whey were the primary factors affecting lactase production. Increased levels of lactose in whey stimulated the yeast to produce higher levels of lactase activity per gram of dried yeast. Corn steep liquor was the best source of added growth factors. Yeast grown under optimum conditions, pH 4.0 to 4.7 and 28 C, yielded 175 units per gram of yeast and 1300 units per liter of whey.

The production of extracellular endo-α-mannanase by the mushroom Volvariella volvacea

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Khowala ◽  
S. Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Submerged Conditions

Seven species of mushrooms were screened for yeast mannan hydrolysing enzyme. Low enzyme activity was identified in the culture filtrate of Volvariella volvacea, growing in starch–KNO3 medium under submerged conditions. Mannan (yeast) as a carbon source was found to stimulate enzyme production but not to support appreciable growth of the mushroom. Better enzyme production was achieved by developing a suitable fermentation medium containing mixed carbon sources (starch and mannan) and a suitable nitrogen source in proper concentrations. Some of the factors affecting liberation of reducing groups from yeast mannan by the culture filtrate enzyme were studied. Low molecular weight oligosaccharides, liberated from yeast mannan by the action of the enzyme, were isolated and identified as mannooligosaccharides. No mannose could be identified to be present in the enzymatic hydrolysate of mannan. Endo-α-mannase activity for this mushroom enzyme was suggested.

scholarly journals Yacon Flour and Corn Steep Liquor as Substrate for Inulinase and Biomass Production by Kluyveromyces Marxianus NRRL Y-7571

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Leonardo Amorin Sathler ◽  
Jonas Contiero ◽  
Marcia Luciana Cazetta
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Surface Response Methodology ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Optimal Ph

Yacon is a perennial plant native of the Andesthat stores inulin-type polyfructans as reserve carbohydrates in its tubers. The enzymes that hydrolyze the inulin β-2,1 fructose  linkages are called inulinases and are much used to produce high fructose syrups (HFS) and ethanol. The present study investigated inulinase and biomass production by Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571 using yacon flour as carbon source and corn steep liquor as nitrogen source by a Central Composite Design (CCD) 22 to carry out experiments and Surface Response Methodology (RSM) to analyze the results. The maximum enzyme production was 36.1 U.ml-1 and biomass production was 8.95 g.l-1 under the condition of 7% yacon flour and 2% corn steep liquor. The crude enzyme partial characterization showed that inulinase had optimal pH at 4.0 and optimal temperature at60°C. The enzyme maintained over 90% of its activity for four hours at45°C and50°C.

Effects of low temperature, cold shock, and various carbon sources on esterase and lipase activities and exopolysaccharide production by a psychrotrophicAcinetobactersp.

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Barbaro ◽  
J T Trevors ◽  
W E Inniss
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Cell Culture Supernatant ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme

The activities of isocitrate lyase, esterase, and lipase by the psychrotrophic Acinetobacter sp. strain HH1-1 were monitored during incubation at 25°C, 5°C, and after a 25°C to 5°C down shift in growth temperature. During growth at 25°C, isocitrate lyase activity was detected in cell-free extracts, but at 5°C and after cold shock, activity was measured primarily in the cell culture supernatant. Strain HH1-1 produced two cell-associated esterases and an extracellular esterase and lipase. Activities of the extracellular esterase and lipase were reduced when cells were grown at 5°C and after cold shock. In contrast, an increased synthesis of a 53-kDa cell-associated esterase was observed 50 h after cold shock. An extracellular polysaccharide was also produced, indicated by a decrease in surface tension in cell culture supernatant when cells were incubated at 25°C; but like extracellular enzyme activity, production of the exopolymer was reduced when cells were subjected to low temperatures. These results indicated that the intracellular enzyme, isocitrate lyase, leaked out of the cell after cold shock and during growth at 5°C. The increased activity of a cell-associated esterase suggested this enzyme is required for growth at low temperatures. In contrast, activities of extracellular lipolytic enzymes and production of an extracellular polysaccharide were negatively affected at the lower temperatures.Key words: Acinetobacter, cold shock, esterase, lipase, exopolysaccharide.

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