Source of soil protease in paddy fields

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1035-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuji Watanabe ◽  
Koichi Hayano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Manure ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Extracellular Proteases ◽  
Metal Chelator ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Soil Protease ◽  
Neutral Proteases ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Properties of soil proteases and proteases from Bacillus spp. obtained from water-logged paddy fields treated with organic manure or chemical fertilizer or not treated with fertilizer were compared to elucidate the sources of soil proteases. The major extractable soil proteases were metal chelator sensitive neutral proteases that were active in hydrolyzing benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine and benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucine. In this respect they resembled extracellular proteases from Bacillus subtilis (six isolates), Bacillus cereus (four isolates), and Bacillus mycoides (three isolates) isolated from the same fields. The major extractable soil protease from the manured field was a serine neutral protease that was active in hydrolyzing casein. It resembled an extracellular protease from B. subtilis (eight isolates) isolated from the same field. Extractable soil proteases accounted for 18–96% of the total soil protease in the aforementioned soil. We concluded that a major source of soil protease in water-logged paddy fields is proteolytic Bacillus spp.Key words: soil protease, metal chelator sensitive neutral protease, serine neutral protease, proteolytic Bacillus spp.

scholarly journals Degradation Level and Wetland Rice Rehabilitation Effort in Medan Krio Village Sunggal District Deli Serdang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Mhd Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The purposes of this research are to know the level of paddy field degradation, mapping level of paddy field degradation and analyze effort of paddy field rehabilitation in Beringin Subdistrict of Deli Serdang Regency of North Sumatera Indonesia to increase rice productivity. This research was conducted in Medan Krio Village, District Sunggal Regency Deli Serdang of North Sumatera. The study was conducted in March to July 2017. This research used nonfactorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 levels organic dosage treatment of Compost Waste City, i.e: B0: Control, B1: Dose 1.5% (36,00 ton/ha), B2: Dose 3% (72,00 ton/ha), B3: Dose 4.5% (108,00 ton/ha), B4: Dose 6% (144,0 ton/ha). The parameters that will be analyzed are the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in paddy fields. The result showed, treatment with Dose 6% (B4) can (1) improve physical properties of soil Bulk Density, Porosity and the effective depth of soil; (2) increase the C-organic content, N-Total levels of P-Available, CEC soil, and low C/N Ratio; (3) increase Soil organic matter and total Microbes. So, Treatment Dose 6% (B4) of compost waste city gives the best effect to the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in paddy fields

Heterogeneity of intact granules purified from canine mastocytoma cell lines

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. L153-L160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Thomas ◽  
R. E. Schreck ◽  
S. J. Ruoss ◽  
S. C. Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Proteoglycan Content ◽  
Asynchronous Release ◽  
Neutral Proteases

We investigated the observation that some mast cells exhibit asynchronous release of granule-associated neutral proteases. Intact mast cell granules were isolated, purified, and studied with respect to their histamine, neutral protease, and proteoglycan content. Studies of two canine mastocytoma cell lines demonstrated differences in storage and packaging of granules within one of the cell lines (G) with respect to the neutral proteases and density, resulting in two distinct subpopulations of granules. By use of identical techniques no such differences were found in the other cell line (BR). These observations suggest that granule subpopulations in some mast cells may have a role in the differential release of mediators.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Untreated Rubber Effluent on the Base Cationic and Mycological Properties of Rubber Plantation Soil in Calabar, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sylvester P. Antai ◽  
Ayotunde O. Ajinde
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The study was carried out to determine the impact of rubber effluent on the cationic and mycological properties of soil in a rubber plantation through which it flows. Rubber effluent samples were collected for physicochemical and mycological analysis from the effluent discharge point of a rubber factory in Calabar, Nigeria. Three impact points (25 metres apart) were created along the flow channel of the effluent, and three sample points spaced 5m apart were created on both sides of each impact point. Top and subsoil samples were collected from the impact points and sample points for base cationic and mycological analysis. A control soil sample was also collected similarly. Correlation analysis, single-sample and two-sample were used to analyse the results. Results revealed that only temperature (26°C), sulphate (20.15 mg/l) and chloride (43.87 mg/l) conformed to Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) permissible limits of 40°C, 500 mg/l and 600mg/l, respectively. Bacteria isolated from the rubber effluent were identified as Pseudomonas spp, Micrococcus spp, Staphylococus spp, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp, Bacillus spp, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp and Aeromonas spp. Fungi isolated were identified as Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp, Mucor spp and Sporothrix spp. Results also revealed that the rubber effluent impacted the soil, but parameters still recorded low values, as the effects of the effluent on the soil were altered by leaching, erosion and rubber root uptake. The study also revealed that microbiological investigation involving the use of a selective substrate can be used to augment or properly interpret results obtained from base cation studies similar to the current study, especially in a situation where pollution is not obvious or where factors like root uptake, leaching and erosion can potentially affect statistical results of base cation analysis.

scholarly journals Engineering a recombination neutral protease I from Aspergillus oryzae to improve enzyme activity at acidic pH

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (51) ◽  
pp. 30692-30699
Author(s):  
Yucheng Hu ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Zhui Tu ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Neutral Proteases

Extracellular neutral proteases (NPs) in Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) play a role in hydrolyzing soybean proteins into smaller peptides at pH about 7.5.

Distribution and identification of proteolytic Bacillus spp. in paddy field soil under rice cultivation

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuji Watanabe ◽  
Koichi Hayano
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Paddy Field Soil ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Soil Protease

Proteolytic bacteria in paddy field soils under rice cultivation were characterized and enumerated using azocoll agar plates. Bacillus spp. were the proteolytic bacteria that were most frequently present, comprising 59% of the isolates. They were always the numerically dominant proteolytic bacteria isolated from three kinds of fertilizer treatments (yearly application of rice-straw compost and chemical fertilizer, yearly application of chemical fertilizer, and no fertilizer application) and at three different stages of rice development (vegetative growth stage, maximal tillering stage, and harvest stage). Of the 411 proteolytic bacteria isolated, 124 isolates had stronger proteolytic activity than others on the basis of gelatin liquefaction tests and most of them were Bacillus spp. (100% in 1989 and 92.4% in 1991). Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were the main bacteria of this group and Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus megaterium were also present. We conclude that these Bacillus spp. are the primary source of soil protease in these paddy fields.Key words: soil protease, paddy field, proteolytic bacteria, Bacillus spp.

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