Cluster analysis of genotypically characterized Lactobacillus species based on physicochemical cell surface properties and their relationship with adhesion to hexadecane

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Millsap ◽  
Gregor Reid ◽  
Henny C. van der Mei ◽  
Henk J. Busscher
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cell Surface Properties ◽  
Isoelectric Points

Lactobacilli can interfere with the adhesion of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells and catheter materials through a variety of mechanisms, such as adhesion. Lactobacillus adhesion to substratum surfaces has been theorized to result from the physicochemical properties of the interacting surfaces. In this paper physicochemical cell-surface properties, including hydrophobicity (determined by water contact angles), pH dependence of zeta potentials, elemental surface composition (determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and adhesion to hexadecane, of four genotypically characterized Lactobacillus species (eight L. acidophilus, eight L. casei, four L. fermentum, and seven L. plantarum strains) were determined to see whether a grouping of the strains according to their phenotypes could be obtained that corresponded with the genotypic characterization of the strains. The strains showed major differences in physicochemical cell-surface properties: at the species level relationships could be observed between water contact angles, isoelectric points, and the N/C and O/C elemental surface concentration ratios, with nitrogen-containing groups (proteins) being responsible for increased hydrophobicities and isoelectric points, and oxygen-containing groups (phosphates and polysaccharides) yielding decreased hydrophobicities and isoelectric points. A hierarchical cluster analysis grouped all L. acidophilus strains in one well-separated cluster that also included two L. casei and two L. fermentum strains. Separation of L. acidophilus from the other species was done predominantly on the basis of increased cell surface hydrophobicity (average water contact angle of 63°) and isoelectric point (approximately pH 3.3) as compared with the other species, which had lower water contact angles and isoelectric points, and corresponded with the observation that only L. acidophilus strains adhered in measurable numbers to hexadecane. Also, the L. plantarum strains were grouped closely together in one cluster, but this cluster was heterogeneous due to the inclusion of L. casei and L. fermentum strains.Key words: Lactobacillus, surface properties, hydrophobicity, zeta potential, adhesion.

The Use of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the Study of Oral Streptococcal Cell Surfaces

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Van Der Mei ◽  
H.J. Busscher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray

Physicochemical and structural properties of microbial cell surfaces play an important role in their adhesion to surfaces and are determined by the chemical composition of the outermost cell surface. Many traditional methods used to determine microbial cell wall composition require fractionation of the organisms and consequently do not yield information about the composition of the outermost cell surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measures the elemental composition of the outermost cell surfaces of micro-organisms. The technique requires freeze-drying of the organisms, but, nevertheless, elemental surface concentration ratios of oral streptococcal cell surfaces with peritrichously arranged surface structures showed good relationships with physicochemical properties measured under physiological conditions, such as zeta potentials. Isoelectric points ap-peared to be governed by the relative abundance of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups on the cell surfaces. Also, the intrinsic microbial cell-surface hydrophobicity by water contact angles related to the cell-surface composition as by XPS and was highest for strains with an elevated isoelectric point. Inclusion of elemental surface compositions for tufted streptococcal strains caused deterioration of the relationships found. Interestingly, hierarchical cluster analysis on the basis of the elemental surface compositions revealed that, of 36 different streptococcal strains, only four S. rattus as well as nine S. mitis strains were located in distinct groups, well separated from the other streptococcal strains, which were all more or less mixed in one group.

scholarly journals Characterization of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated from outbreaks of diarrhoeal disease in England

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SPENCER ◽  
H. R. SMITH ◽  
H. CHART
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cell Surface Properties ◽  
Protein Map

Twenty-two strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC), isolated from four outbreaks of diarrhoeal disease in England, were examined for a range of phenotypic attributes including the ability to produce fimbriae, haemolysins and siderophores, and cell-surface properties such as surface charge and hydrophobicity. Strains of EAggEC isolated from two of these outbreaks belonged to a diverse range of serotypes and were heterogeneous in phenotype. Strains of EAggEC isolated from the other two outbreaks belonged predominantly to serotypes O86[ratio ]H34 and O98[ratio ]H-, respectively. Only two strains expressed fimbriae and two strains produced an 18 kDa membrane associated protein (MAP), suggesting that EAggEC express a range of adhesion mechanisms to produce the cell arrangement recognized as the ‘stacked brick’ formation. The possible explanation for the diversity of EAggEC serotypes is discussed.

The Wetting of Insect Cuticles by Water

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. HOLDGATE
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Wide Range

1. The water contact angles of insects show a wide range of variation, which is broadly correlated with surface roughness and with habitat. 2. The contact angles of species inhabiting stored products or carrion are greatly modified by contamination. This produces large variations between apparently similar individuals. 3. In terrestrial insects surface roughness increases the contact angles to very large apparent values. Detailed analyses of its effect have been made in the pupa of Tenebrio molitor and the adult Calliphora erythrocephala. In some aquatic insects surface roughness leads to a reduction in the contact angles; this has been studied in the nymph of Anax imperator. 4. Prolonged immersion in water causes a lowering of the contact angles of all the insects examined, and the low angles of many aquatic species may therefore be the direct effect of their environment. In some aquatic species there is evidence of the active maintenance of a large contact angle during life. 5. Changes in contact angle accompany processes of cuticle secretion and will occur at any moult if changes in roughness or habitat take place. 6. The observed variations of surface properties can be explained without assuming any variation in the chemical composition of the cuticle surface. Wetting properties are of little value as indicators of cuticle surface composition. 7. The biological aspects of insect surface properties are briefly discussed.

Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium breve isolates from preterm and full term neonates: Comparison of cell surface properties

Anaerobe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Andriantsoanirina ◽  
Anne-Claire Teolis ◽  
Liu Xin Xin ◽  
Marie Jose Butel ◽  
Julio Aires
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Cell Surface Properties

scholarly journals Benefits of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Dentin Adhesion

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. E288-E299 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Ayres ◽  
PH Freitas ◽  
J De Munck ◽  
A Vananroye ◽  
C Clasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Dentin Surface

SUMMARY Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) application times and two storage times on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin. The influence of NTAP on the mechanical properties of the dentin-resin interface was studied by analyzing nanohardness (NH) and Young's modulus (YM). Water contact angles of pretreated dentin and hydroxyapatite blocks were also measured to assess possible alterations in the surface hydrophilicity upon NTAP. Methods and Materials: Forty-eight human molars were used in a split-tooth design (n=8). Midcoronal exposed dentin was flattened by a 600-grit SiC paper. One-half of each dentin surface received phosphoric acid conditioning, while the other half was covered with a metallic barrier and remained unetched. Afterward, NTAP was applied on the entire dentin surface (etched or not) for 10 or 30 seconds. The control groups did not receive NTAP treatment. Scotchbond Universal (SBU; 3M ESPE) and a resin-based composite were applied to dentin following the manufacturer's instructions. After 24 hours of water storage at 37°C, the specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the interface to obtain approximately six specimens or bonded beams (approximately 0.9 mm2 in cross-sectional area) representing the etch-and-rinse (ER) approach and another six specimens representing the self-etch (SE) approach. Half of the μTBS specimens were immediately loaded until failure, while the other half were first stored in deionized water for two years. Three other bonded teeth were selected from each group (n=3) for NH and YM evaluation. Water contact-angle analysis was conducted using a CAM200 (KSV Nima) goniometer. Droplet images of dentin and hydroxyapatite surfaces with or without 10 or 30 seconds of plasma treatment were captured at different water-deposition times (5 to 55 seconds). Results: Two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in μTBS of SBU to dentin after two years of water storage in the SE approach, without differences among treatments. After two years of water aging, the ER control and ER NTAP 10-second groups showed lower μTBS means compared with the ER NTAP 30-second treated group. Nonthermal atmospheric plasma resulted in higher NH and YM for the hybrid layer. The influence of plasma treatment in hydrophilicity was more evident in the hydroxyapatite samples. Dentin hydrophilicity increased slightly after 10 seconds of NTAP, but the difference was higher when the plasma was used for 30 seconds. Conclusions: Dentin NTAP treatment for 30 seconds contributed to higher μTBS after two years of water storage in the ER approach, while no difference was observed among treatments in the SE evaluation. This result might be correlated to the increase in nanohardness and Young's modulus of the hybrid layer and to better adhesive infiltration, since dentin hydrophilicity was also improved. Although some effects were observed using NTAP for 10 seconds, the results suggest that 30 seconds is the most indicated treatment time.

scholarly journals The post‐translational modification of the C lostridium difficile flagellin affects motility, cell surface properties and virulence

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Faulds‐Pain ◽  
Susan M. Twine ◽  
Evgeny Vinogradov ◽  
Philippa C. R. Strong ◽  
Anne Dell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Cell Surface Properties

Changes in Cell Surface Properties of Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli by Quercus infectoria G. Olivier

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPAYANG PIYAWAN VORAVUTHIKUNCHAI ◽  
SAKOL SUWALAK
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Surface Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quercus Infectoria

The effects of Quercus infectoria (family Fagaceae) nutgalls on cell surface properties of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) were investigated with an assay of microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon. The surface of bacterial cells treated with Q. infectoria exhibited a higher level of cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) toward toluene than did the surface of untreated cells. With 50% ethanolic extract, the CSH of the three strains of STEC O157:H7 treated with 4× MIC of the extract resulted in moderate or strong hydrophobicity, whereas at 2× MIC and MIC, the CSH of only one strain of E. coli O157:H7 was significantly affected. The 95% ethanolic extract had a significant effect on CSH of all three strains at both 4× MIC and 2× MIC but not at the MIC. The effect on bacterial CSH was less pronounced with the other STEC strains. At 4× MIC, the 50% ethanolic extract increased the CSH of all non-O157 STEC strains significantly. At 2× MIC and 4× MIC, the 95% ethanolic extract affected the CSH of E. coli O26:H11 significantly but did not affect E. coli O111:NM or E. coli O22. Electron microscopic examination revealed the loss of pili in the treated cells. The ability of Q. infectoria extract to modify hydrophobic domains enables this extract to partition the lipids of the bacterial cell membrane, rendering the membrane more permeable and allowing leakage of ions and other cell contents, which leads to cell death. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of Q. infectoria extract in food systems or in vivo and provide support for the use of this extract as a food additive for control of these STEC pathogens.

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