A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR FATTY ACID INHIBITION OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS

Further investigations have been carried out on the fatty acid inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver homogenates. A correlation appears to exist between cholesterol inhibition and the elongation of the carbon chain of saturated fatty acids containing an even number of carbon atoms. Neither saturated nor unsaturated fatty acids interfere with the formation of acetyl CoA by liver homogenate. The stage where acetoacetate is formed from acetyl CoA is suggested as a possible site for inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by fatty acids.

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FATTY ACID INHIBITION OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y56-091 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 861-868 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. D. Wood ◽

B. B. Migicovsky

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Length ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Cholesterol Synthesis ◽

Rapid Decrease ◽

Acid Inhibition ◽

Degree Of Unsaturation ◽

Liver Homogenates ◽

Fatty Acid Inhibition

Fatty acids inhibit cholesterol synthesis by rat liver homogenates. Inhibition occurs with acids containing either an even or an odd number of carbon atoms in the chain, and with saturated and unsaturated acids, the inhibition increasing with the degree of unsaturation of the acid. In the case of acids with an even number of carbon atoms the inhibition increases with chain length to a maximum at 12 carbons after which a rapid decrease occurs. The presence of fatty acid during cholesterol synthesis increases the acetate incorporated into fatty acids to a slight extent. This increase is small compared with the decrease in the amount incorporated into cholesterol. A possible mechanism for the inhibition is discussed.

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FATTY ACID INHIBITION OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o56-091 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 861-868 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. D. Wood ◽

B. B. Migicovsky

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Length ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Cholesterol Synthesis ◽

Rapid Decrease ◽

Acid Inhibition ◽

Degree Of Unsaturation ◽

Liver Homogenates ◽

Fatty Acid Inhibition

Fatty acids inhibit cholesterol synthesis by rat liver homogenates. Inhibition occurs with acids containing either an even or an odd number of carbon atoms in the chain, and with saturated and unsaturated acids, the inhibition increasing with the degree of unsaturation of the acid. In the case of acids with an even number of carbon atoms the inhibition increases with chain length to a maximum at 12 carbons after which a rapid decrease occurs. The presence of fatty acid during cholesterol synthesis increases the acetate incorporated into fatty acids to a slight extent. This increase is small compared with the decrease in the amount incorporated into cholesterol. A possible mechanism for the inhibition is discussed.

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EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.4.1.31-39 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Siwitri Kadarsih

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords :

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Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02952-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lihong Ma ◽

Xinqi Cheng ◽

Chuan Wang ◽

Xinyu Zhang ◽

Fei Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Gene Network ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Accumulation Pattern ◽

Time Points ◽

Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

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Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1133

Author(s):

Atique Ahmed Behan ◽

Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽

Teck Chwen Loh ◽

Sharida Fakurazi ◽

Ubedullah Kaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dorper Sheep

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.

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Modifying egg fatty acid content by supplementation of laying hen diets with palm olein oil (POO)

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200030519 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 212-212

Author(s):

S J Hosseini Vashan ◽

N Afzali ◽

A Golian ◽

M Malekaneh ◽

A Allahressani

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Olein Oil

Palm oil is the most abundant of all oils produced globally. It is very high in saturated fatty acids specifically palmitic acid, but other fatty acids (monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated) are presented at low concentrations. In the processing plant some high amount of oleic acid with some other unsaturated fatty acids are extracted and marketed as Palm olein oil, and used to reduce blood or egg cholesterol (Rievelles et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of dietary palm olein oil required to enrich the mono-unsaturated fatty acid content of yolk, egg cholesterol and antibody titre.

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Relationships between muscle membrane lipids, fiber type, and enzyme activities in sedentary and exercised rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.5.r1154 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 269 (5) ◽

pp. R1154-R1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. D. Kriketos ◽

D. A. Pan ◽

J. R. Sutton ◽

J. F. Hoh ◽

L. A. Baur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Extensor Digitorum ◽

Female Rats ◽

Muscle Membrane

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is associated with 1) relative increases in the proportion of glycolytic and fast-twitch muscle fibers and decreases in the proportion of more oxidative fibers and 2) a higher proportion of the saturated fatty acids in membrane structural lipids. Exercise is known to improve insulin action. The aims of the current studies were 1) to investigate the relationship between muscle fiber type and membrane fatty acid composition and 2) to determine how voluntary exercise might influence both variables. In sedentary Wistar rats in experiment 1, increased amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were found in the more oxidative insulin-sensitive red quadriceps and soleus muscles, whereas reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in primarily glycolytic white quadriceps muscles. In experiment 2, voluntary running-wheel exercise by adult female rats over 45 days resulted in reduced proportions of type IIb fibers (P = 0.01) and increased proportions of type IIa/IIx fibers (P = 0.03) in extensor digitorum longus muscle. The magnitude of these changes was related to the distance run (r = -0.73, P = 0.04; r = 0.79, P = 0.02, respectively). Exercise significantly increased oxidative capacity, as assessed by the proportion of intensely NADH-stained fibers (P = 0.0004) and citrate synthase (P = 0.003) and hexokinase (P = 0.04) activities. Citrate synthase activity was also increased by exercise in soleus muscle, where, as expected, no fiber type changes were detected. No significant differences in the fatty acid profile of soleus and extensor digitorum longus were found between groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Inhibition of ovine gastric acid secretion by intraduodenal long-chain fatty acids

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1982.243.2.g127 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 243 (2) ◽

pp. G127-G133

Author(s):

L. M. McLeay ◽

J. M. Fitzgerald

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Secretion ◽

Gastric Acid Secretion ◽

Gastric Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Output ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Conscious Sheep

Effects on ovine gastric function of procedures that increase intestinal unsaturated fatty acid content are unknown, and the present aim was to compare the effects of duodenal unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on gastric secretion in conscious sheep. During the maximal gastric secretory response to a meal, 10 ml gallbladder bile alone or with myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids and oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were infused into the duodenum at a rate of 5 g fatty acid . h-1 for 1 h. Compared with control 154 mM NaCl (100%), acid output was reduced to 4-7% of control with infusion of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and myristic acids plus bile. Reductions in acid secretion persisted for up to 5 h from the end of infusion. In contrast, the infusion of palmitic and stearic acids with bile caused mean maximal reductions in acid output, respectively, to only 64 and 55% of control, and levels returned to control within 1 h of the end of infusion. Bile infusion alone caused no reduction in acid secretion. Under the conditions used, C18 unsaturated fatty acids and myristic acid were potent inhibitors of ovine gastric acid secretion. The lesser effects of palmitic and stearic acids were probably related to their reduced solubility and absorption.

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Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Palado Seed Oil (Aglaia sp) Extracted Using Chloroform Solvent

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2021.10587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Syamsul RAHMAN ◽

Salengke Salengke ◽

Abu Bakar TAWALI ◽

Meta MAHENDRADATTA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Food Ingredients

Palado (Aglaia sp) is a plant that grows wild in the forest around Mamuju regency of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is locally known as palado. Palado seeds (Aglaia sp) can be used as a source of vegetable oil because it contains approximately 14.75 % oil, and it has the potential to be used as food ingredients or as raw material for oil production. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties and the composition of fatty acids contained in palado seed oil (Aglaia sp). The employed method involved the use of palado fruit that had been processed to be palado seed and undergoing flouring process. Palado flour was produced by the extraction process by using chloroform solvent with the soxhlet method. The characteristics of the chemical properties in the oil produced were analyzed by using a standard method, including iodine, saponification, and acid values. The analysis of fatty acid composition was conducted by using gas chromatography. The results showed that palado oil extracted with hexane had an iodine value of 15.38 mg/g, saponification value of 190.01 mg KOH/g, and acids value of 1.961 mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of the palado seed oil consisted of saturated fatty acids (41.601 %), which included palmitic acid (41.062 %), myristic acid (0.539 %), and unsaturated fatty acids (45.949 %), which included mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as (22.929 %), oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was linoleic acid (23.020 %).

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