LIPIDS OF SUBCELLULAR PARTICLES FROM BOVINE HEART MUSCLE: I. FATTY ACIDS OF NEUTRAL LIPIDS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1725-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius J. Nazir ◽  
Aurora P. Alcaraz ◽  
Padmanabhan P. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Bovine Heart ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The fatty acid composition of various lipid classes obtained from subcellular fractions of bovine heart muscle by column chromatography on silicic acid has been examined by gas-liquid chromatography on diethyleneglycol succinate and Apiezon L columns. The nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions together constituted the major lipid compartments of the myocardial cell, the cytoplasmic subcellular organelles accounting for only about 4% of the total lipid. Among the total fatty acids of each subcellular fraction, there was a remarkable constancy in the relative amounts of monoethenoid fatty acids (about 23%). More than 90% of the total fatty acids had chain lengths between C18 and C20. Approximately 3–4% of longer chain length fatty acids were present in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions. There was a predominance of monoenes (36%) and long chain fatty acids (> C20) in the cholesteryl esters associated with the "microsomal" preparation. Although the monoethenoid fatty acids of triglycerides were subject to considerable variation, the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments consistently showed about 40% of this class of fatty acid. In sharp contrast to all other neutral lipid classes, polyethenoid fatty acids constituted a significant proportion of the total free fatty acids in all subcellular organelles. The heavy mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions showed relatively higher concentrations of polyethenoid free fatty acids. In view of the fact that free fatty acids constituted the main source of energy from fats for the myocardium, the hypothesis has been advanced that heart muscle mitochondria preferentially extract the readily oxidizable free polyunsaturated fatty acids from the cytoplasmic environment to fulfill the energy demands of the aerobic cell.

scholarly journals Content and composition of lipid classes, fatty acid from \(\textit{Sargassum}\) seaweed collected at Con Dao and Van Phong bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Thu Hue Pham ◽  
Van Tuyen Anh Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Yen Kieu Thi Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Hai Nam Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Fresh Weight

This study studied the content and composition of the total lipid, lipid classes and fatty acids in 13 brown seaweed Sargassum species collected from Con Dao and Van Phong, Vietnam. The total lipid has a low content and varies among species from 0.10–1.70% of the fresh weight. From 13 species, seven lipid classes including polar lipid (Pol), free fatty acids (FFA), sterol (ST), hydrocarbon and wax (HW), triacylglycerol (TG), diacylglycerol (DG), and monoalkydiacylglycerol (MADG). Using the GC-FID technique, we have identified 29 fatty acids classified into 3 groups of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids with an average content of 44.93%, 24.57% and 27.44%, respectively. Among those, many value fatty acids have been detected with high content such as C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. The lipid of 13 brown seaweed Sargassum species also fully contains omega-3,6,9 fatty acids with the content of 9.28%, 16.28% and 16.63%, respectively.

Fatty Acids of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Worthington ◽  
T. S. Boggess Jr. ◽  
E. K. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Representative samples of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) were obtained from five processing plants and analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography for fatty acid composition of muscle tissues. Twenty-three fatty acids were measured. The saturated fatty acids comprised 26.5%, monoenes 48.1%, dienes 13.0%, trienes 3.1%, tetraenes 3.6%, pentaenes 1.3%, and hexaenes 1.9% of total fatty acids. Fatty acid composition varied significantly (P <.01) among fish obtained from the same plant, and in addition, significant variation associated with processing plant was observed for some fatty acids.

Fatty acid composition of sow's colostrum, milk and body fat as determined by gas-liquid chromatography

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. deMan ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
The Mean

SummaryAs determined by gas-liquid chromatography, the mean fatty acid composition (weight percentages of total fatty acids) of milk fat from sows fed a diet to meet U.S. N.R.C. nutrient requirements was: oleic, 35·3; palmitic, 30·3; linoleic, 13·0; palmitoleic, 9·9; stearic, 4·0; myristic, 3·3; linolenic, 2·5; unidentified 0·7 and 0·5, presumably n-odd chain and branched fatty acids; lauric, 0·3; and capric, 0·2. The corresponding fatty acid composition of colostrum fat was: oleic, 41·7; palmitic, 22·5; linoleic, 20·9; palmitoleic, 5·0; stearic, 5·7; myristic, 1·4; linolenic, 2·4; and unidentified acids, 0·3 and 0·1. Dietary fat increased fat levels in the milk and influenced fatty acid composition of the milk fat. Backfat resembled colostrum fat more than milk fat.

LIPIDS OF SUBCELLULAR PARTICLES FROM BOVINE HEART MUSCLE: II. FATTY ACIDS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius J. Nazir ◽  
Aurora P. Alcaraz ◽  
Padmanabhan P. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Beef Heart ◽  
Major Phospholipid ◽  
Bovine Heart ◽  
Phospholipid Classes

The fatty acid composition of six phospholipid classes, cardiolipin, cephalin, lysocephalin, lecithin, sphingomyelin, and lysolecithin from various subcellular fractions of beef heart, was studied. With the exception of the microsomal fraction, all other classes revealed phospholipid fractions having uniform fatty acid composition. The microsomes, which form a major phospholipid compartment in the heart muscle, exhibited relatively higher levels of total polyenes, which is a distinct attribute of microsomal phospholipids.

METABOLIC PATTERNS OF THE FATTY ACIDS OF PERIPLANTETA AMERICANA (L.) DURING ITS EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kinsella
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

The fatty acid composition of the various lipid fractions of Periplanteta americana was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography at successive stages during embryogenesis. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of at least 30 fatty acids during all stages of the life cycle ranging in carbon chain length from C6 through C24. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids composed over 95% of the total fatty acids. The percentage distribution of major fatty acids remained constant throughout the life cycle. Total fatty acid content decreased by 28% during development mainly because of the catabolism of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. Fatty acid patterns suggest that partially hydrolyzed triglyceride molecules are converted to phospholipid molecules during development.

Criteria for essential fatty acid deficiency in plasma as assessed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1869-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Siguel ◽  
K M Chee ◽  
J X Gong ◽  
E J Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mead Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Abstract To develop criteria for deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFA), we used capillary-column gas-liquid chromatography to determine fatty acids (percentage of total fatty acids) in plasma obtained in the fasting state from 56 reference subjects and from 10 patients with intestinal fat malabsorption and suspected EFA deficiency. Fatty acid evaluations (percentage of total fatty acids) that allowed for a clear distinction (P less than 0.01) between reference subjects and patients, based on values two standard deviations below or above the reference mean, included values for linoleic acid (18:2w6) below 27%, and values for palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1w7), oleic acid (18:1w9), vaccenic acid (18:1w7), and Mead acid (20:3w9) exceeding 21%, 2.6%, 23.3%, 2.1%, and 0.21%, respectively. Ratios of total EFA to total non-EFA of less than 0.60 and of Mead acid to arachidonic acid of greater than 0.025 also served to identify patients, and were not found in reference subjects. Significant inverse correlations between percentages of plasma EFA and plasma mono-unsaturated fatty acids were noted. Our reference-interval data can be used to assess normality of plasma EFA status.

scholarly journals Comparison of lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of farmed and wild pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in Nha Trang, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-467
Author(s):  
Trinh Thi Thu Huong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of the farmed (F-C. gigas) and wild (W-C. gigas) pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in Nha Trang, Vietnam were investigated for the first time. The results indicated that the lipid classes and fatty acid components of these oysters were insignificantly different. The total lipid of both studied oysters included six lipid classes, namely phospholipid (PL), sterol (ST), free fatty acid (FFA), triacylglycerol (TG), monoalkyldiacylglycerol (MADG), and hydrocarbon-wax (HW) in which TG and PL were dominated with the values of 48.4%, 41.8% for TG and 19.0%, 20.3% for PL in F-C. gigas and W-C. gigas, respectively. The fatty acids (FAs) content of F-C. gigas and W-C. gigas was similar. The saturated fatty acids (SFAs) content was 48.2% in total fatty acids (TFAs) of the F-C. gigas and 44.7% in TFAs of W-C. gigas, in which 16:0 was dominated in SFAs of both oysters with the value of 24.2% in F-C. gigas and 22.0% in W-C. gigas. The contents of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were 18.3%, 20.5% for MUFAs and 31.7%, 34.7% for PUFAs respectively in F-C. gigas and W-C. gigas. These MUFAs compositions contained 16:1n-7, 16:1n-5, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 20:1n-11, 20:1n-9 and 20:1n-7, among them fatty acids 16:1n-7 (7.2% in F-C. gigas, 6.3% in W-C. gigas) and 18:1n-7 (6.6% in F-C. gigas, 7.4% in W-C. gigas) were the main MUFAs. PUFAs in these two oysters consisted of long-chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, in which 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) were dominated with the values of 12.7%, 13.9% for EPA in F-C. gigas and 6.5%, 6.0% for DHA in W-C. gigas.

Marine Phytoplankter Fatty Acids

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1603-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. S. Tocher ◽  
J. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Specific Fatty Acid ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Filter Feeders ◽  
Iodine Values ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Twelve species of marine unicellular algae have been cultured under comparable conditions and the total fatty acids determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Some specific fatty acid relationships paralleling taxonomic groupings were detected but generally individual fatty acids within various algal classes showed large relative variations. The four Bacillariophyceae examined were notable for fatty acid compositions giving iodine values <150, whereas in eight other classes the iodine values were all approximately 200. It is suggested that 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, found to be a common algal longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, is characteristically deposited in the lipids of filter-feeders ingesting unicellular algae.

Removal and mobilization of individual free fatty acids in diabetic dogs

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gold ◽  
Harvey I. Miller ◽  
John J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Dogs

Gas chromatographic analysis of individual free fatty acids showed elevated concentrations of the five major fatty acids in the arterial blood of acutely diabetic dogs. The percentage contributions of oleic and linoleic acids were also elevated. Insulin lowered both elevated concentrations and percentages. All major fatty acids were released into the epigastric vein from adipose tissue. Total fatty acid composition of adipose tissue was similar in normal and diabetic dogs. Adipose tissue free fatty acid composition was similar to that of blood and dissimilar to composition of total fatty acids. Myocardium failed to remove oleic acid in diabetic dogs unless insulin was administered. Consistent net removal by the liver of palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids occurred in diabetic animals.

Effects of Processing on the Bound and Free Fatty Acid Levels in Wool

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Negri ◽  
Hugh J. Cornell ◽  
Donald E. Rivett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Ester Bond ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Aqueous Conditions

Bound and free fatty acids in degreased wool fibers were affected to varying degrees by processing treatments. Scouring and dyeing both removed significant amounts of bound and free fatty acids from wool. Free fatty acids were reduced by dissolution into the treatment liquor, whereas bound fatty acids were hydrolyzed under the hot aqueous conditions. Chlorination at pH levels below 3 released over 50% of the bound fatty acids. Chlorine treatments cleave only thioesters but not oxygen esters or amides under these conditions, indicating that a significant proportion of the bound fatty acid is linked to wool by a thio ester bond.

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