Identification and Distribution of Tryptamine in the Rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Philips ◽  
D. A. Burden ◽  
A. A. Boulton
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
The Brain

A procedure for the quantitative measurement of tryptamine in mammalian tissues is described. The amine is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography, converted to its dansyl derivative, further purified by thin-layer chromatography, and quantitated by the mass-spectrometric integrated ion current technique using an isotopically labelled internal standard.The concentrations of tryptamine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (ng/g ± S.D.): brain 0.50 ± 0.07, heart 0.62 ± 0.10, kidney 8.04 ± 2.10, liver 0.73 ± 0.07, lung 0.54 ± 0.18, and spleen 0.43 ± 0.14. In the brain, the hypothalamus contained 0.94 ± 0.22, the cerebellum 0.27 ± 0.02, the stem 0.24 ± 0.06, the caudate nucleus 2.93 ± 1.14, and the "rest" 0.32 ± 0.05 ng/g (mean ± mean deviation).

Identification and Distribution of β-Phenylethylamine in the Rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Durden ◽  
S. R. Philips ◽  
Alan A. Boulton
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dansyl Derivatives ◽  
The Brain

A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of some amines present in mammalian tissues has been developed. It includes isolation of the amines by ion exchange chromatography followed by conversion to dansyl derivatives, chromatographic separation, and quantitation by the mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique. The use of an isotopically labelled internal standard improves the precision and sensitivity of the analysis.The concentrations of β-phenylethylamine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (ng/g); brain 1.8 ± 0.4, heart 5.7 ± 3.1, kidney 20.5 ± 2.2, liver 2.0 ± 0.7, lung 4.0 ± 1.4, and spleen 4.7 ± 2.7. In the brain the hypothalamus contained 25.3 ± 5.0, the cerebellum 3.4 ± 0.5, the stem 2.2 ± 0.9, the caudate nucleus 8.0 ± 0.3, and the 'rest' 1.1 ± 0.2 ng/g, respectively.

Identification and Distribution of p-Tyramine in the Rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Philips ◽  
D. A. Durden ◽  
A. A. Boulton
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of p-tyramine in mammalian tissues is described. It involves isolation of the amine by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by conversion to the dansyl derivative, chromatographic separation, and quantitation by the mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique using an isotopically labelled internal standard.The concentrations of p-tyramine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (mean ± standard deviation (ng/g)): brain 2.0 ± 0.9, heart 3.4 ± 1.4, kidney 32.7 ± 13.1, liver 1.5 ± 0.5, lung 3.0 ± 1.2, and spleen 3.4 ± 1.2. In the brain, hypothalamus contained 11.3 ± 3.7, cerebellum 2.3 ± 1.7, stem 2.2 ± 1.0, caudate nucleus 19.2 ± 2.5, and the 'rest' 1.6 ± 0.4 ng/g, respectively.

Identification and Distribution of m-Tyramine in the Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Philips ◽  
B. A. Davis ◽  
D. A. Durden ◽  
Alan A. Boulton
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of m-tyramine in mammalian tissues is described. It involves isolation of the amine by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by conversion to the dansyl derivative, chromatographic separation, and quantitation by the mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique using an isotopically labelled internal standard. The concentrations of m-tyramine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (mean ± S.D., nanograms per gram): brain 0.32 ± 0.03, heart 0.44 ± 0.13. kidney 12.6 ± 3.4, liver 0.27 ± 0.04, lung 0.33 ± 0.11, spleen 0.25 ± 0.07, and blood 0.15 ± 0.04.

Isolation of 2-Acetamido-1-β-(L-β-Aspartamido)-1,2-Dideoxy-D-Glucose from Normal Human Urine

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara O’Neill Rowley ◽  
Paul B Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Elution Behavior ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A glycopeptide was isolated from normal human urine by fractionation on a column of Sephadex G-10 and preparative ion-exchange chromatography. Elution behavior during ion-exchange chromatography in two different solvent systems, amino acids formed upon hydrolysis, and migration on high-voltage electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography were essentially identical for this substance and for authentic 2-acetamido-l-β-(L-β-aspartamido)-1,2-dideoxy-D-glucose. A technique was developed to permit analytical-scale fractionation of individual urines followed by analysis for this glycopeptide; urine from two normal individuals contained 7 and 11 µmol of 2-acetamido-1-β-(L-β-aspartamido)-1,2-dideoxy-D-glucose per liter.

scholarly journals Improved Method for Isolation of Lycopsamine from Roots of Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Damjan Janeš ◽  
Boštjan Kalamar ◽  
Samo Kreft
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Symphytum Officinale ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Preparative Layer Chromatography

An improved method for the isolation and purification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from comfrey ( Symphytum officinale L.) roots was developed, introducing very fast, selective and ion residue-free reduction of N-oxides followed by ion-exchange chromatography giving a non-aqueous solution of alkaloids, from which solvents can be easily removed. With this procedure the use of large volumes of organic solvents, very slow reduction of N-oxides and input of additional impurities was avoided. Lycopsamine, which proved to be the major alkaloid, was additionally purified by preparative layer chromatography (PLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The identity of the alkaloid was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Anxiety-related behavior in hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload in rats: role of the brain oxidative stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Hrncic ◽  
Jelena Mikić ◽  
Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic ◽  
Milica Velimirović ◽  
Tihomir Stojković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a methionine-enriched diet on anxiety-related behavior in rats and to determine the role of the brain oxidative status in these alterations. Adult male Wistar rats were fed from the 30th to 60th postnatal day with standard or methionine-enriched diet (double content comparing with standard diet: 7.7 g/kg). Rats were tested in open field and light–dark tests and afterwards oxidative status in the different brain regions were determined. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine-enriched diet in this study decreased the number of rearings, as well as the time that these animals spent in the center of the open field, but increased index of thigmotaxy. Oxidative status was selectively altered in the examined regions. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the cortex and nc. caudatus of rats developing hyperhomocysteinemia, but unaltered in the hippocampus and thalamus. Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload increased anxiety-related behavior in rats. These proanxiogenic effects could be, at least in part, a consequence of oxidative stress in the rat brain.

Differential oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat brain regions and blood following chronic arsenic exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mishra ◽  
SJS Flora
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Arsenic Exposure ◽  
The Brain

Chronic arsenic poisoning caused by contaminated drinking water is a wide spread and worldwide problem particularly in India and Bangladesh. One of the possible mechanisms suggested for arsenic toxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was planned 1) to evaluate if chronic exposure to arsenic leads to oxidative stress in blood and brain – parts of male Wistar rats and 2) to evaluate which brain region of the exposed animals was more sensitive to oxidative injury. Male Wistar rats were exposed to arsenic (50 ppm sodium arsenite in drinking water) for 10 months. The brain was dissected into five major parts, pons medulla, corpus striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. A number of biochemical variables indicative of oxidative stress were studied in blood and different brain regions. Single-strand DNA damage using comet assay was also assessed in lymphocytes. We observed a significant increase in blood and brain ROS levels accompanied by the depletion of GSH/GSSG ratio and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in different brain regions of arsenic-exposed rats. Chronic arsenic exposure also caused significant single-strand DNA damage in lymphocytes as depicted by comet with a tail in arsenic-exposed cells compared with the control cells. On the basis of results, we concluded that the cortex region of the brain was more sensitive to oxidative injury compared with the other regions studied. The present study, thus, leads us to suggest that arsenic induces differential oxidative stress in brain regions with cortex followed by hippocampus and causes single-strand DNA damage in lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Riboceine Regimen Attenuates Ethanol-induced Neuronal Damage in the Cerebellum of Adult Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Taiwo Adekemi Abayomi ◽  
◽  
Olorunfemi Samuel Tokunbo ◽  
Moyinoluwa Ajayi ◽  
Olawale Ayobami Abayomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Ethanol Toxicity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cerebellar Astrocytes ◽  
The Brain

Background: Although ethanol exerts its neurotoxic effect on the brain through inflammatory and oxidative processes, the effect of Riboceine on the brain following ethanol neurotoxicity is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of riboceine on the cellular, behavioral, and molecular impairments induced by ethanol toxicity in rats. Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats weighing between 160-170 grams were used for the study, and were divided into four groups of six rats each. After completion of the administration of ethanol and riboceine, and testing for motor impairment, the rats were sacrificed. The cerebellum was excised and processed for oxidative stress analyses, based on oxidative stress markers and histological examinations. The immunohistochemical expression of astrocytes in the cerebellum was examined, using Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) stain. Results: This study demonstrated that ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in the cerebellum, characterized by increased oxidative stress profile, astrocyte activation, and neuronal death in the cerebellum, especially the Purkinje layer. Necrosis, significant decrease in Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Gluathione (GSH) activities (P<0.05) as well as astrogliosis was associated with ethanol treatment. However, riboceine was observed to significantly increase the cerebellar SOD, CAT and GSH activities with significantly reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.05). It also attenuated the histomorphological alteration of the cerebellum and reduced the cerebellar astrocytes activation following ethanol-induced neurotoxicity, thus leading to the attenuation of motor impairment. Conclusion: Riboceine attenuated motor impairment caused by chronic ethanol-induced neurotoxicity, suggestive of its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Underglycosylation of IgA1 Hinge Plays a Certain Role for Its Glomerular Deposition in IgA Nephropathy

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-769
Author(s):  
YOSHIYUKI HIKI ◽  
TOHRU KOKUBO ◽  
HITOO IWASE ◽  
YOSHIHIKO MASAKI ◽  
TAKASHI SANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Peanut Agglutinin ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Fraction H ◽  
Peptide Antibody

Abstract. This study was performed to isolate and investigate the IgA1 that could accumulate in glomeruli (glomerulophilic IgA1). IgA1 was fractionated by the electric charge and the reactivity to Jacalin. Serum IgA1 of IgA nephropathy patients was separated and fractionated using a Jacalin column and subsequent ion-exchange chromatography. The fractions were divided into three groups of relatively cationic (C), neutral (N), and anionic (A). IgA1 was also divided into Jacalin low (L), intermediate (I), and high (H) affinity fractions by serial elution using 25, 100, and 800 mM galactose. The left kidneys of Wistar rats were perfused with 2, 5, or 10 mg of each group of IgA1. The rats were sacrificed 15 min, 30 min, 3 h, or 24 h after the perfusion. The accumulation of each IgA1 in the glomeruli was then observed by immunofluorescence. The IgA1 of the fractions N and H separated by the two methods was definitely accumulated in the rat glomeruli with a similar pattern. The electrophoresis revealed that the macromolecular IgA1 was increased in fraction H compared with other fractions. Therefore, Jacalin high-affinity IgA1 (fraction H) was applied on a diethylaminoethyl column and divided into electrically cationic (HC), neutral (HN), and anionic (HA). Only the asialo-Galβ1,3GalNAc chain was identified in the fraction HN IgA1 by gas-phase hydrazinolysis. Furthermore, the IgA1 fraction was strongly recognized by peanut agglutinin, Vicia Villosa lectins, and antisynthetic hinge peptide antibody. These results indicated that the IgA1 molecules having the underglycosylated hinge glycopeptide played a certain role in the glomerular accumulation of IgA1 in IgA nephropathy.

scholarly journals Comparative study between the effects of hyaluronic acid and acid galactan purified from eggs of the mollusk Pomacea sp in wound healing

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Katarina Menezes da Cruz ◽  
Wogelsanger Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Elizeu Antunes dos Santos ◽  
Maria Goretti Freire Carvalho ◽  
Aldo da Cunha Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Healing Tissue

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) and of AG on the healing of intestine wounds. METHODS: The semi-purified extract of the eggs of the mollusc was obtained by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and purification for ion-exchange chromatography. The obtained galactans were eluted in water (neutral galactan) and in 0.1 and 0.2M NaCl (acidic galactans). The in vivo study was performed with 45 "Wistar" rats, separated in three groups (n=15). Solutions containing HA 1%, GA 1% or saline solution 0,9%, was placed topically on the sutures of wounds in the small intestine of the rats. After 05, 10 and 21 days the animals were sacrificed and biopsy of the healing tissue was done. RESULTS: The hystologic grading was more significant for HA and AG groups when compared to the group C. AG stimulated the appearance of macrophages, giant cells and increase in the concentration of collagen in the area of the wound when compared to HA. CONCLUSION: The topical use of GA in intestinal wounds promoted the anticipation of events that are important in the wound healing.

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