Gene expression during cold and heat shock in wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Danyluk ◽  
Eric Rassart ◽  
Fathey Sarhan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Free System ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Translatable messenger RNAs expression was compared in cold- and heat-stressed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Fredrick' and 'Norstar') and spring wheat (T. aestivum L. 'Glenlea'). Polyadenylated RNA isolated from the crown and leaf tissues was translated in a wheat germ cell free system and the acidic and basic in vitro products were resolved by two-dimensional SDS–PAGE and autoradiography. The results showed that low temperature stress rapidly induced two groups of mRNAs. The first group was transient in nature and consists of 18 mRNAs that reached their highest levels of induction after 24 h of low temperature exposure and then decreased to undetectable levels. The second group consists of 53 mRNAs that were also induced or increased rapidly, but maintained their levels of expression during the 4 weeks required to induce freezing tolerance. Among those, at least 34 were expressed at higher levels in the freezing tolerant winter wheat compared with the less tolerant spring wheat. This suggests a possible relation between the expression of these mRNAs and the capacity of each genotype to develop freezing tolerance. In the case of heat shock, 50 mRNAs were induced or increased after 3 h at 40 °C. Among these, the expression of only six mRNAs was altered in a similar manner in the three genotypes by both treatments. The remaining mRNAs code for typical heat shock proteins which are different from those induced by low temperature. None of these mRNAs has been associated with the development of freezing tolerance. These results suggest that heat and cold stress are controlled by different genetic systems.Key words: wheat, mRNAs, proteins, low temperature, heat stress.

scholarly journals Influence of Initial Media and Duration of Cold Pretreatment on the Efficiency of Androgenesis in the Culture of Isolated Anthers of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Variety Irkutskaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
I. V. Lyubushkina ◽  
◽  
A. V. Pomortsev ◽  
M. S. Polyakova ◽  
G. A. Arbuzova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Intact Plants

Haploid technologies are based on the regeneration of gamete cells to form whole plants. The main advantage of haploid technologies is the ability to quickly in one generation obtain homozygous plants with the required parameters. Nevertheless, the use of these technologies today is limited, what is associated with insufficient knowledge of the physiological and biochemical features of the application of this method. In this regard, this work is devoted to the study of the features of androgenesis in vitro in the culture of isolated anthers of winter wheat cultivar Irkutskaya and the determination of the methodological features of obtaining intact plants. In the autumn-winter period, donor plants were grown at the artificial climate station SIPPB SB RAS. In the spring-summer period, donor plants were grown in the field at the experimental plots of the Zalarinsky agroecological station (Tungui village). The plant material was selected at the booting stage. Anthers were isolated from 6-10 spikelets of the middle third of the spike. The features of androgenesis were assessed by the frequency of formation of calli and embryo-like structures to the total number of anthers and the frequency of formation of the total number of seedlings and the number of green seedlings to the number of embryo-like structures and calli. It was found that the optimal medium for the induction of androgenesis in the anther culture of this common wheat cultivar is the modification of medium N6 containing 9% sucrose, with the addition of glycine (2 mg/L), 2.4-D (1 mg/L) and NAA (1 mg/L). The maximum yield of embryoid-like structures was observed in the case of low-temperature pretreatment of donor plants at + 4 °C for 6-12 days. At the same time, the most intensive calli formation in the culture of isolated anthers occurred after 3-6 days of donor plant cold pretreatment. Regeneration of green plants took place on 190-2Cu medium with the addition of growth regulators (2.4-D, 0.5 mg/L; kinetin, 0.5 mg/L) with obligatory cold pretreatment of androclinic structures at +4 °C for 3-7 days. Obtained results indicate that low-temperature exposure at different stages, from pretreatment of donor ears to exposure to androclinic structures, is a key factor for winter wheat that promotes androgenesis in the culture of isolated anthers and the successful formation of intact plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Physiological Changes in Winter and Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Saddiq ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Amir M. H. Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Improvement Programs

Salinity is a leading threat to crop growth throughout the world. Salt stress induces altered physiological processes and several inhibitory effects on the growth of cereals, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we determined the effects of salinity on five spring and five winter wheat genotypes seedlings. We evaluated the salt stress on root and shoot growth attributes, i.e., root length (RL), shoot length (SL), the relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), and shoot length (RGR-SL). The ionic content of the leaves was also measured. Physiological traits were also assessed, including stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and light-adapted leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, i.e., the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv′/Fm′) and instantaneous chlorophyll fluorescence (Ft). Physiological and growth performance under salt stress (0, 100, and 200 mol/L) were explored at the seedling stage. The analysis showed that spring wheat accumulated low Na+ and high K+ in leaf blades compared with winter wheat. Among the genotypes, Sakha 8, S-24, W4909, and W4910 performed better and had improved physiological attributes (gs, Fv′/Fm′, and Ft) and seedling growth traits (RL, SL, RGR-SL, and RGR-RL), which were strongly linked with proper Na+ and K+ discrimination in leaves and the CCI in leaves. The identified genotypes could represent valuable resources for genetic improvement programs to provide a greater understanding of plant tolerance to salt stress.

Selectivity of auxin for induction and growth of callus from excised embryo of spring and winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zhou ◽  
T. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The callus-promoting activity of most commonly known as well as some rarely tested auxins was compared with that of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for in vitro culture of the excised embryo of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Chinese Spring and cv. Fredrick. Different auxins in a concentration range from 1 to 50 μM showed widely different activities. Also the two wheat cultivars responded differently to the auxins. When rapid callus formation with limited root growth was used as the basis for comparison, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2-MCPP), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), γ-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, in the order of effectiveness, were superior to 2,4,-D for callus induction from the embryo of 'Chinese Spring,' although the concentration required was higher than that of 2,4-D. For the winter wheat 'Fredrick,' however, only picloram, dicamba, and 2-MCPP performed as well as 2,4-D. All auxins tested promoted shoot growth; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid was most effective for 'Chinese Spring,' whereas picloram was most effective for 'Fredrick.'

HARMFUL EFFECT OF WORKED-DOWN WINTER WHEAT ON SPRING-SEEDED WHEAT AND RAPESEED

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
G. B. SCHAALJE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Causative Effect ◽  
Effect On Yield

Where winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) was worked-down on 1 May and the plots reseeded to spring wheat immediately, no detrimental effect on yield of spring wheat was found. However, delaying this action until 15 May reduced the yields of spring-seeded wheat because of the harmful effect of decomposing winter wheat and late seeding. Moisture depletion by winter wheat was eliminated as a causative effect by light irrigations during May. Yields of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) were not so severely reduced by worked-down winter wheat. The harmful effect was significant only with 30 May cultivation and seeding date.Key words: Phytotoxicity, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris, worked-down

Type II Ice-Binding Proteins Isolated from an Arctic Microalga Are Similar to Adhesin-Like Proteins and Increase Freezing Tolerance in Transgenic Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2744-2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Mi Cho ◽  
Sanghee Kim ◽  
Hojin Cho ◽  
Hyoungseok Lee ◽  
Jun Hyuck Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Recrystallization Inhibition ◽  
Ice Binding ◽  
Antarctic Snow ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Abstract Microalgal ice-binding proteins (IBPs) in the polar region are poorly understood at the genome-wide level, although they are important for cold adaptation. Through the transcriptome study with the Arctic green alga Chloromonas sp. KNF0032, we identified six Chloromonas IBP genes (CmIBPs), homologous with the previously reported IBPs from Antarctic snow alga CCMP681 and Antarctic Chloromonas sp. They were organized with multiple exon/intron structures and low-temperature-responsive cis-elements in their promoters and abundantly expressed at low temperature. The biological functions of three representative CmIBPs (CmIBP1, CmIBP2 and CmIBP3) were tested using in vitro analysis and transgenic plant system. CmIBP1 had the most effective ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activities in both in vitro and transgenic plants, and CmIBP2 and CmIBP3 had followed. All transgenic plants grown under nonacclimated condition were freezing tolerant, and especially 35S::CmIBP1 plants were most effective. After cold acclimation, only 35S::CmIBP2 plants showed slightly increased freezing tolerance. Structurally, the CmIBPs were predicted to have β-solenoid forms with parallel β-sheets and repeated TXT motifs. The repeated TXT structure of CmIBPs appears similar to the AidA domain-containing adhesin-like proteins from methanogens. We have shown that the AidA domain has IRI activity as CmIBPs and phylogenetic analysis also supported that the AidA domains are monophyletic with ice-binding domain of CmIBPs, and these results suggest that CmIBPs are a type of modified adhesins.

THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE EXPRESSION OF TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTERHARDINESS OF TWO WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. RICHARD HETHERINGTON ◽  
BRYAN D. McKERSIE ◽  
LISA C. KEELER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Relative Ranking ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Fredrick and Norstar, which differ in their winterhardiness potential, were compared with regard to the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application, during acclimation, on the expression of four traits associated with winterhardiness — freezing, ice-encasement, and low temperature flooding tolerances and crown moisture content. Modified Hoagland’s nutrient solutions containing five levels of each nutrient were applied to the seedlings during a 5-wk acclimation period at 2 °C, and subsequently the crowns were tested for their ability to survive varying intensities of the stress treatments. Increasing the level of applied N from 0, caused a reduction in the level of all stress tolerances. Increased P did not significantly alter the expression of freezing tolerance, but tended to increase tolerance of the anaerobic stresses, icing and low temperature flooding, to an optimum. Increased K had minimal effects on stress tolerance at the levels tested. Increased levels of each nutrient increased crown moisture content. The cultivar Norstar was consistently more tolerant of freezing and icing stress than Fredrick and this relative ranking was not influenced by mineral nutrition. However, the relative ranking for low temperature flooding tolerance varied depending on the nutrients provided to the seedlings. The results suggest that environmental and growth regulatory factors which influence the uptake of mineral nutrients would be expected to influence crown moisture content, and the expression of stress tolerance.Key words: Freezing, ice-encasement, flooding

Impact of high CO2 levels on heat shock proteins during postharvest storage of table grapes at low temperature. Functional in vitro characterization of VVIHSP18.1

2018 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Romero ◽  
Ana C. Casillas-Gonzalez ◽  
Sergio J. Carrazana-Villalba ◽  
M. Isabel Escribano ◽  
Carmen Merodio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Shock Proteins

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of CCT genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their expression analysis during vernalization

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262147
Author(s):  
HongWei Zhang ◽  
Bo Jiao ◽  
FuShuang Dong ◽  
XinXia Liang ◽  
Shuo Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Extended Exposure

Numerous CCT genes are known to regulate various biological processes, such as circadian rhythm regulation, flowering, light signaling, plant development, and stress resistance. The CCT gene family has been characterized in many plants but remains unknown in the major cereal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Extended exposure to low temperature (vernalization) is necessary for winter wheat to flower successfully. VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2), a specific CCT-containing gene, has been proved to be strongly associated with vernalization in winter wheat. Mutation of all VRN2 copies in three subgenomes results in the eliminated demands of low temperature in flowering. However, no other CCT genes have been reported to be associated with vernalization to date. The present study screened CCT genes in the whole wheat genome, and preliminarily identified the vernalization related CCT genes through expression analysis. 127 CCT genes were identified in three subgenomes of common wheat through a hidden Markov model-based method. Based on multiple alignment, these genes were grouped into 40 gene clusters, including the duplicated gene clusters TaCMF6 and TaCMF8, each tandemly arranged near the telomere. The phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into eight groups. The transcriptome analysis using leaf tissues collected before, during, and after vernalization revealed 49 upregulated and 31 downregulated CCT genes during vernalization, further validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Among the differentially expressed and well-investigated CCT gene clusters analyzed in this study, TaCMF11, TaCO18, TaPRR95, TaCMF6, and TaCO16 were induced during vernalization but decreased immediately after vernalization, while TaCO1, TaCO15, TaCO2, TaCMF8, and TaPPD1 were stably suppressed during and after vernalization. These data imply that some vernalization related CCT genes other than VRN2 may exist in wheat. This study improves our understanding of CCT genes and provides a foundation for further research on CCT genes related to vernalization in wheat.

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