DEPENDENCE OF INTEGRATED DURATION OF METEOR ECHOES ON WAVELENGTH AND SENSITIVITY

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 450-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. R. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Meteor Trails ◽  
Cedar Rapids ◽  
Very High

The reflecting properties of short-duration and long-duration echoes from meteor trails are examined. For short-duration echoes only, the observed relation between relative numbers and durations of meteor echoes is independent of wavelength, the time of day, or the presence of a strong shower. Integrated duration times are determined from back-scatter experiments on 9.22 m., 5.35 m., and 2.83 m., and are found to vary with the 3.5th power of the wavelength, for either short- or long-duration echoes. The integrated echo power depends on the 6th power of the wavelength. The effect of changing the equipment sensitivity is considered. The data from the back-scatter observations are used to predict the integrated duration times in the forward-scatter case, and in particular, it is shown that the results of the Cedar Rapids – Sterling very-high-frequency experiment may be explained by meteoric reflections.

LONG DURATION ECHOES FROM AURORA, METEORS, AND IONOSPHERIC BACK-SCATTER

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. R. McKinley ◽  
Peter M. Millman
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
E Region ◽  
Very High ◽  
Visual Observations

In the course of the Ottawa meteor program some unusual echoes have been detected on 33 Mc. Echoes from the aurora are discussed and correlated with visual observations. Two mechanisms of radio reflections from the aurora have been proposed but the data here presented are insufficient to favor one over the other. On Aug. 4, 1948, six extremely long duration meteor echoes were observed which may have been due to abnormal ionospheric conditions. From time to time since August, 1948, a weak semipermanent echo has been recorded, usually appearing at a range of about 80 km., and enduring up to an hour. It is suggested that this echo is due to back-scatter from the same sources in the lower E-region that are presumed to be responsible for long-range very high frequency propagation.

A Disturbing Factor in Very High Frequency Communications Via Ionospheric Forward Scatter

Nature ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 178 (4545) ◽  
pp. 1280-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. CROW ◽  
F. A. KITCHEN ◽  
G. A. ISTED ◽  
G. MILLINGTON
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Disturbing Factor ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Clutter Distribution Analysis of A Tropical Foliage Clutter for Different Profiles Based on FSR Micro-Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.7) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Nur Alia Zulkifli ◽  
N E. Abd Rashid ◽  
Z I. Khan ◽  
N N. Ismail ◽  
R S. A. Raja Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Micro Sensor ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Very High

Comparison of four different clutter profiles (border, seaside, free space and forest) using Forward Scatter Radar (FSR), which operates in Ultra-High and Very High Frequency (UHF and VHF) bands, is analyzed in this paper. Clutter levels ranging from low, medium, strong and very strong on each profile were studied. Based on the standard deviation of each clutter profile, border suits the best profile as the strongest clutter profile amidst seaside and free space, while the forest is determined as the lowest clutter profile. Subsequently, the characteristics of the clutter are investigated and compared based on the five distribution models (Log-Normal, Log-Logistic, Gamma, Weibull and Nakagami).  The parameters of the five distributions are evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in order to prove that the distribution model fits best to the clutter data. It can be concluded that Gamma distribution is the best distribution model for all cases of frequency bands and profiles.  

Experimental Investigation of very High Frequency Slot Antenna on M-60A-1 Tank

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Campbell ◽  
William Kennebeck ◽  
A. Zanella ◽  
Paul Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Very High

A collision feedback based multiple access control protocol for very high frequency data exchange system in E-navigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xu Hu ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Hongguang Lyu ◽  
Tie-Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
High Frequency Data ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Time Division ◽  
Very High

Abstract The very high frequency data exchange system (VDES) is promising in promoting electronic navigation (E-navigation) and improving navigation safety. The multiple access control (MAC) protocol is crucial to the transmission performance of VDES. The self-organising time division multiple access (SOTDMA) protocol, as the only access mode given by current recommendations, leads to a high rate of transmission collisions in the traditional automatic identification system (AIS), especially with heavy traffic loads. This paper proposes a novel feedback based time division multiple access (FBTDMA) protocol to address the problems caused by SOTDMA, such that collision of transmissions can be avoided in information transmission among vessels. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed FBTDMA outperforms the traditional SOTDMA in terms of channel utilisation and throughput, and significantly reduces the transmission collision rate. The study is expected to provide insights into VDES standardisation and E-navigation modernisation.

scholarly journals Measurement of Electrical Properties of Superconducting YBCO Thin Films in the VHF Range

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3360
Author(s):  
Yakir Dahan ◽  
Eldad Holdengreber ◽  
Elichai Glassner ◽  
Oz Sorkin ◽  
Shmuel E. Schacham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Superconducting Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Very High

A new measurement technique of electrical parameters of superconducting thin films at the Very High Frequency (VHF) range is described, based on resonators with microstrip (MS) structures. The design of an optimal resonator was achieved, based on a thorough theoretical analysis, which is required for derivation of the exact configuration of the MS. A theoretical model is presented, from which an expression for the attenuation of a MS line can be derived. Accordingly, simulations were performed, and an optimal resonator for the VHF range was designed and implemented. Production constraints of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) limited the diameter of the sapphire substrate to 3″. Therefore, a meander configuration was formed to fit the long λ/4 MS line on the wafer. By measuring the complex input reflection coefficients of a λ/4 resonator, we extracted the quality factor, which is mainly affected by the dielectric and conductor attenuations. The experimental results are well fitted by the theoretical model. The dielectric attenuation was calculated using the quasi-static analysis of the MS line. An identical copper resonator was produced and measured to compare the properties of the YBCO resonator in reference to the copper one. A quality factor of ~6·105 was calculated for the YBCO resonator, three orders of magnitude larger than that of the copper resonator. The attenuation per unit length of the YBCO layer was smaller by more than five orders of magnitude than that of the copper.

Da eine oder mehrere betroffen …

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-100
Author(s):  
Melitta Gillmann
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Very High

AbstractBased on a corpus study conducted using the GerManC corpus (1650–1800), the paper sketches the functional and sociosymbolic development of subordinate clause constructions introduced by the subjunctor da ‘since’ in different text genres. In the second half of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century, the da clauses were characterized by semantic vagueness: Besides temporal, spatial and causal relations, the subjunctor established conditional, concessive, and adversative links between clauses. The corpus study reveals that different genres are crucial to the readings of da clauses. Spatial and temporal usages, for example, occur more often in sermons than in other genres. The conditional reading, in contrast, strongly tends to occur in legal texts, where it displays very high frequency. This could be the reason why da clauses carry indexical meaning in contemporary German and are associated with formal language. Over the course of the 18th century, the causal usages increase in all genres. Surprisingly, these causal da clauses tend to be placed in front of the matrix clause despite the overall tendency of causal clauses to follow the matrix clause.

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