Grout field trials in outwash sands

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R WI Brachman ◽  
C D Martin ◽  
S A Gilliss
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Massive Structure ◽  
Temporary Support ◽  
Microfine Cement

Field trials were conducted to evaluate three different permeation grouts in a medium-dense, silty sand outwash deposit. Sodium silicate, microfine powder, and microfine cement based grouts were used. Visual observations from boreholes, a large-diameter shaft, and two inspection drifts through the grouted sand are reported. The sodium silicate grout produced a uniformly grouted material with massive structure. The microfine powder grout did not harden in the ground. The injection of the microfine cement grout resulted in only discrete veins of grouted soil. Laboratory testing of the grouted soil recovered from block samples quantified the strength increase of the sand grouted with sodium silicate. Cross-hole seismic velocity tests conducted through the grout zone prior to construction of the inspection shaft and drifts indicated increased velocities in the grouted soils. The successful trials established the suitability of the sodium silicate grout as a means of ground treatment for temporary support for tunnel excavation.Key words: permeation grouting, soil improvement, sodium silicate, microfine cement.

Field Trials of Suction-Assisted Installation of Circular Steel Pipe Cofferdam in Silty Sand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Zhenhua Xin ◽  
Ju-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Sheet Pile ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Column Foundation

Abstract The cofferdam is the temporary barrier to stop the flow of water from a construction site work such as a support column foundation at a river or offshore. It allows for working in the dry condition when the construction is done adjacent or within the waters. However, it is a major cause of delays and increased construction costs because additional works are required to stop the water flow. Recently, in order to overcome the limitations of the conventional cofferdam methods such as sheet pile or caisson tube cofferdams, a large-diameter steel pipe cofferdam method has been proposed which can be installed quickly using suction installation method. The steel pipe cofferdam method is characterized in that the top-lid of the steel pipe is located above the sea level in order to use it as a water barrier, unlike conventional suction buckets where the whole structures are submerged. In this study, the circular steel pipe cofferdam with a 5 m inner diameter was fabricated and the installation tests were conducted on silty sand at the Saemaguem test site. During the experiment, variations of suction pressure and inclination of the steel pipe cofferdam were measured and post-analyzed. This study verified the new steel pipe cofferdam method and confirmed that the suction installation method can be successfully used for various purposes on the offshore structures.

Sodium silicate-formamide grouted silt and silty sand properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Eyubhan Avci ◽  
Murat Mollamahmutoğlu ◽  
Emre Deveci
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Silty Sand

scholarly journals Analisis Potensi Likuefaksi dan Perbaikan Tanah dengan Stone Column: Studi Kasus pada Coal Shelter PLTU Lontar, Banten

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Yuli Fajarwati ◽  
Rama Indera Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Stone Columns ◽  
Stone Column ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Research Site ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Liquefaction Analysis

ABSTRACT The high demand for electricity needs requires the availability of new generation sites. The new plant developed is a PLTU in Lontar. The condition of coal shelter as a research site dominated by silty clay and silty sand and located in the earthquake zoning is high that the planning of the coal shelter area must accordance with the feasibility of building establishment, it is necessary to analyze the potential liquefaction and improvement methods. Soil improvement efforts to reduce the potential for liquefaction include soil improvement with stone columns. The method of liquefaction analysis in this study uses the method developed by Idriss and Boulanger. The results of the analysis of the potential for liquefaction at BH-1 occurred at a depth of 3-16 m and at BH-3 the potential for liquefaction occurred at a depth of 4-24 m. Potential of the thickest layer for liquefaction is at BH-3 with a depth of 24 m. Improvement with a stone column can reduce the potential for liquefaction and can increase the value of the safety factor against the potential for liquefaction at the coal shelter location. Improvement analysis with a stone column using Plaxis software, the value of the safe factor after installing the stone column at BH-1 FS 2.89, at BH-3 FS became 2.65. ABSTRAKBanyaknya permintaan kebutuhan listrik yang tinggi diperlukan ketersediaan lokasi pembangkit baru. Pembangkit baru yang dikembangkan yaitu PLTU Batubara di Lontar. Kondisi coal shelter sebagai lokasi penelitian yang didominasi oleh lapisan tanah lempung kelanauan dan pasir kelanauan serta berada pada zonasi gempa cukup tinggi sehingga perencanaan area coal shelter harus memenuhi syarat kelayakan pendirian bangunan, maka perlu dilakukan analisis potensi likuefaksi serta metode perbaikannya. Upaya perbaikan tanah untuk mengurangi potensi likuefaksi yaitu perbaikan tanah dengan stone column (kolom batu). Metode analisis likuefaksi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode yang dikembangkan oleh Idriss dan Boulanger. Hasil analisis potensi likuefaksi pada titik BH-1 terjadi di kedalaman 3-16 m dan pada titik BH-3 potensi likuefaksi terjadi pada kedalaman 4-24 m. Lapisan yang paling tebal mengalami potensi likuefaksi ada pada titik BH-3 dengan kedalaman 24 m. Perbaikan dengan stone column dapat mengurangi potensi likuefaksi dan mampu meningkatkan nilai faktor keamanan terhadap potensi likuefaksi di lokasi coal shelter. Analisis perbaikian dengan stone column menggunakan software Plaxis, nilai faktor aman setelah dipasang stone column pada titik BH-1 FS 2,89, pada titik BH-3 FS menjadi 2,65.

Exploring the mechanical response of low-carbon soil improvement mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fraccica ◽  
Giovanni Spagnoli ◽  
Enrique E. Romero Morales ◽  
Marcos Arroyo ◽  
Rodrigo Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Granular Soils ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cyclic Triaxial Tests ◽  
Curing Conditions

As society moves towards decarbonisation it is important to assess the hydro-mechanical behaviour of binders that could offer a low-carbon alternative to Portland cement in ground improvement technologies. This work considers two such alterna-tives: one still largely unexplored (metakaolin-based geopolymers) and a better known one (colloidal silica). Results from unconfined compressive strength, permeability tests, undrained monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests on granular soils (sand and silty sand) treated with those two binders are presented and discussed, emphasizing simili-tudes and differences with the response of similar soils treated with other conventional and unconventional binders. Effects of silt content, curing conditions and soil/binder ratios are examined. Both colloidal silica and metakaolin-based geopolymer signifi-cantly improve the mechanical properties of the treated soils, although the geopolymer results in a stronger and stiffer material. Both treatments reduce much the permeabil-ity of the treated soil, but the reduction achieved with CS is larger.

Field trials of large-diameter multi-belled piling method

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Kentaro Hama ◽  
Yoshihiro Horii ◽  
Yoshitaka Nakanishi ◽  
Toru Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Field Trials

scholarly journals GROUTABILITY PREDICTION OF MICROFINE CEMENT BASED SOIL IMPROVEMENT USING EVOLUTIONARY LS-SVM INFERENCE MODEL

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Nhat-Duc Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Inference Model ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
Microfine Cement

Permeation grouting is a widely used technique for soil improvement in construction engineering. Thus, predicting the results of the grouting activity is a particularly interesting topic that has drawn the attention of researchers both from the academic field and industry. Recent literature has indicated that artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for groutability prediction are capable of delivering better performance than traditional formula-based ones. In this study, a novel AI method, evolutionary Least Squares Support Vector Machine Inference Model for groutability prediction (ELSIM-GP), is proposed to forecast the result of grouting activity that utilizes microfine cement grout. In the model, Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) is a supervised machine learning technique that is employed to learn the decision boundary for classifying high dimensional data. Differential Evolution (DE) is integrated into ELSIM-GP for automatically optimizing its tuning parameters. 240 historical cases of grouting process for sandy silt soil have been collected to train, validate, and test the inference model. Experimental results demonstrated that ELSIM-GP can overcome other benchmark approaches in terms of forecasting accuracy. Therefore, the proposed approach is a promising alternative for predicting groutability.

scholarly journals Study on Shear Strength of Xanthan Gum-Amended Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Soldo ◽  
Marta Miletić
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Engineering ◽  
Different Types

When construction work is planned on soil with inadequate shear strength, its engineering properties need to be improved. Chemical stabilization is one of the solutions for soil strength improvement. Currently, the most common additive that is used for chemical soil improvement is cement. Cement is an effective solution, but it has several negative effects on the environment. Therefore, the urges for environment-friendly solutions that can replace cement and show good potential for sustainable engineering are rising. One of the promising environment-friendly solutions is the use of biopolymers. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the biopolymer xanthan gum on the strength of different types of soil. Xanthan gum was mixed with three different types of soil: sand, clay, and silty sand. The strength of treated and non-treated soil was experimentally investigated by performing unconfined compression, direct shear, and triaxial tests. From the results, it was observed that xanthan gum significantly increased the strength of each soil, which shows its major potential for the future of sustainable engineering.

Composite Reinforced Line Pipe (CRLP) for Onshore Gas Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Zimmerman ◽  
Gary Stephen ◽  
Alan Glover
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

There has been a general trend in the natural gas pipeline transmission industry towards high-pressure pipelines using higher strength steels. However, as the strength has been increased, so have issues of weldability and fracture control. TransCanada PipeLines has been developing and testing a hybrid product since 1996 called Composite Reinforced Line Pipe (CRLP®) to address these issues. This is a patented technology developed by NCF Industries and licensed on a worldwide basis to TransCanada PipeLines. CRLP® is composed of high performance, composite material reinforcing a proven high-strength, low alloy steel pipe. The composite reinforces the steel pipe in the hoop direction, thereby increasing its pressure carrying capacity, while providing a tough, corrosion-resistant coating. This paper discusses recent research work concerning the use of CRLP® for large-diameter gas pipeline systems. Aspects discussed include analysis and design methodologies, full-scale testing, and field trials.

scholarly journals Companion Crop and Planting Configuration Effect on Onion

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Paul E. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Onion Seed ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of planting configurations (raised bed and no bed) and reservoir tillage on onion (Allium cepa) yield and grade when a cereal grass or cool-season broadleaf species was used as a companion crop. Total onion yield, the number of plants harvested, percentage of single centers, and cull-sized bulb yields did not differ among planting configurations. However, planting onion seed in raised beds with reservoir tillage resulted in more large-diameter bulbs compared to planting without a bed configuration. Raised beds also had fewer small-sized bulbs than the non-bed configuration. Companion crop influence on onion yield and grade varied among environments (location plus year). In general, canola (Brassica napus) as a companion crop increased the yield of small-sized bulbs and decreased total yield and the yield of large-sized bulbs. These results were attributed to poor canola control from the initial bromoxynil plus oxyfluorfen application because each label restricts application until onions have reached the two true-leaf stage. Onion yield and grade with barley (Hordeum vulgare) as a companion crop was similar to that of onion with no companion crop except during 2002 (Carrington) when rain delayed the postemergence grass herbicide application and lowered onion yield.

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