Dikes on permafrost foundations in northern Manitoba

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Macpherson ◽  
G. H. Watson ◽  
A. Koropatnick
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Design And Construction

The development of hydro-electric power within the areas of low relief of northern Canada often requires long dikes to impound a reservoir. Much of this region lies within a zone of discontinuous permafrost, and dike design must allow for foundations varying from soft alluvial materials which will settle during or shortly after construction, to frozen strata with a high ice content which will settle as the ice thaws due to heat loss from the reservoir.This paper describes the approach to design and construction of dikes for the Kettle Generating Station in northern Manitoba, and includes a description of the instrumentation installed in an attempt to correlate the relationship between the rate of thawing of the permafrost and the rate of drainage of free water from the foundation.

Instrumentation for Dykes on Permafrost, Kettle Generating Station

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-427
Author(s):  
R. C. Gupta ◽  
R. G. Marshall ◽  
D. Badke
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Kettle Generating Station is the second hydro electric project built in northern Manitoba in the zone of discontinuous permafrost. Most of the dykes at the project are directly founded on permafrost affected materials. With the impounding of the reservoir the permafrost in foundations will eventually thaw resulting in settlement and possible slumping of dykes. Instruments were installed in all earthfill structures and foundations to monitor their short and long term behavior. In addition, intensive instrumentation was carried out in two selected areas to assist in defining the relationship between the rates of thawing of permafrost and drainage of free water. This paper describes the instrumentation program for dykes on permafrost, the selection of instruments and their installation, and gives the performance evaluation of some of the instruments.

scholarly journals The Effect of Renewable Energy Generation on the Electric Power Spot Price of the Japan Electric Power Exchange

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Maekawa ◽  
Bui Hai ◽  
Sarana Shinkuma ◽  
Koji Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Spot Price ◽  
Price Forecast ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to explore the relationship between renewable energies and the electric power spot price of the Japan Electric Power Exchange (JEPX). By using panel data analysis and proxy modeling, this work attempts to estimate how renewable energies (displayed through the proxies) and other factors influence the electric power spot price in Japan. Based on an analysis of the estimations, some policy implications have been proposed, such as to incorporate weather information into the price forecast, or to provide a guide to more effectively transact on the JEPX.

scholarly journals A Study of the Relationship between Weather Variables and Electric Power Demand inside a Smart Grid/Smart World Framework

Sensors ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 11571-11591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Hernández ◽  
Carlos Baladrón ◽  
Javier M. Aguiar ◽  
Lorena Calavia ◽  
Belén Carro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between integrated design and construction and safety on construction projects

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Atkinson ◽  
Rebecca Westall
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Design And Construction

The stock and age of pyrogenic carbon in boreal forest soils of the Mackenzie Basin, Northern Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Schiedung ◽  
Philippa Ascough ◽  
Severin-Luca Bellè ◽  
Samuel Abiven
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Mackenzie River

<p>Wildfires occur regularly in the boreal forests of Northern Canada and an increasing frequency and intensity due to the global climate change is projected. A by-product of these forest fires is pyrogenic carbon (PyC) as a residue of incomplete combustion. The quantity and age of PyC in boreal forest soils, however, are largely unknown although boreal soils contribute to a large extent to the global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The Mackenzie River is a major export pathway for PyC between terrestrial and marine environments, with exported PyC ages on geological timescales. This indicates that soil may play an important role as an intermediate pool prior to the PyC export. We sampled eleven forest soils (with nine replicates) in the Canadian Taiga Plains and Shield within the Mackenzie River basin. Our sample sites were located in regions with soils under continuous permafrost in the Inuvik region (northern sites) and under sporadic and discontinuous permafrost in the South Slave Lake regions (southern sites). All sites were unaffected by fire for at least four decades. We used the hydrogen pyrolysis (HyPy) method to separate the PyC<sub>HyPy</sub> from the non-fire-derived SOC in the upper 0-15 cm to determine PyC<sub>HyPy</sub> stocks and performed radiocarbon dating upon both bulk soil and isolated PyC<sub>HyPy</sub>. The total SOC stocks were lower in the soil from the southern sites with on average 26 ± 20 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> (10-153 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) compared to 57 ± 29 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> (16-188 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) in the northern sites. The radiocarbon dating revealed much older PyC<sub>HyPy</sub> compared to the bulk soil SOC radiocarbon age, supporting the persistent nature of PyC and stabilization in soils. The PyC<sub>HyPy </sub>found in the soil of the southern sites, however, was much younger with ages in the range of 495-3 275 radiocarbon years BP than in the northern sites with ages on the range of 2 083-10 407 radiocarbon years BP. The larger SOC stocks and higher ages of PyC<sub>HyPy</sub> in the soils of the northern sites indicate the importance of permafrost conditions for the whole carbon cycle of boreal forests soils.</p>

Deterioration of the cell wall in waterlogged wooden archeological artifacts, 2400 years old

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guo ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Liuyang Han ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Ftir Microscopy ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Spongy Texture ◽  
Gab Model ◽  
Archeological Artifacts ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The relationship between the cell wall ultrastructure of waterlogged wooden archeological artifacts and the state of water bound to cell walls and free in voids is fundamental to develop consolidating and drying technologies. Herein, a lacquer-wooden ware and a boat-coffin dating 4th century BC were selected as representative artifacts to study. Wood anatomy results indicated that they belonged to Idesia sp. and Machilus sp., respectively. They exhibited a typical spongy texture, as revealed by SEM observations, and their water contents had increased significantly. Solid state NMR, Py-GC/MS, imaging FTIR microscopy and 2D-XRD results demonstrated that the deterioration resulted from the partial cleavages of both polysaccharide backbones and cellulose hydrogen-bonding networks, almost complete elimination of acetyl side chains of hemicellulose, the partial depletion of β-O-4 interlinks, as well as oxidation and demethylation/demethoxylation of lignin. These further caused the disoriented arrangement of crystalline cellulose, and the decrease in cellulose crystallite dimensions and crystallinity. In consequence, mesopores and macropores formed, and the number of moisture-adsorbed sites and their accessibility increased. Moreover, results on free water deduced by the changes of pore structure and the maximum monolayer water capacity achieved by the GAB model indicated that water in waterlogged archeological wooden artifacts was mainly free water in mesopores.

New Insights into the Physiology of Peritoneal Fluid Transport

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Krediet ◽  
Annemieke M. Coester ◽  
Alena Parikova ◽  
Watske Smit ◽  
Dirk G. Struijk
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given on the mechanisms of free water transport, the various methodologies for its measurement, its dependency on the osmotic gradient, and the assessment of osmotic conductance in individual patients. The importance of impaired free water transport in long-term ultra-filtration failure is discussed, relative to peritoneal solute transport status. Furthermore, the relationship of free water transport with locally released potassium is considered, together with a potential role of impaired K+ channel function with peritoneal alterations. Finally, the role of impaired osmotic conductance to glucose and its effects on free water transport in long-term patients with ultrafiltration failure is reviewed.

Observations on the relationship between digital heat loss and systemic hemodynamics in patients with heart disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Takano ◽  
John K. Vyden ◽  
Takeshi Ogawa ◽  
Yoshihiko Seino ◽  
Harold B. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamics ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Geophysical mapping of palsa peatland permafrost

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sjöberg ◽  
P. Marklund ◽  
R. Pettersson ◽  
S. W. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Biogeochemical Hotspots ◽  
Geophysical Mapping

Abstract. Permafrost peatlands are hydrological and biogeochemical hotspots in the discontinuous permafrost zone. Non-intrusive geophysical methods offer a possibility to map current permafrost spatial distributions in these environments. In this study, we estimate the depths to the permafrost table and base across a peatland in northern Sweden, using ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography. Seasonal thaw frost tables (at ~0.5 m depth), taliks (2.1–6.7 m deep), and the permafrost base (at ~16 m depth) could be detected. Higher occurrences of taliks were discovered at locations with a lower relative height of permafrost landforms, which is indicative of lower ground ice content at these locations. These results highlight the added value of combining geophysical techniques for assessing spatial distributions of permafrost within the rapidly changing sporadic permafrost zone. For example, based on a back-of-the-envelope calculation for the site considered here, we estimated that the permafrost could thaw completely within the next 3 centuries. Thus there is a clear need to benchmark current permafrost distributions and characteristics, particularly in under studied regions of the pan-Arctic.

Climate and ground temperature relations at sites across the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zones, northern Canada1This article is one of a series of papers published in this CJES Special Issue on the theme of Fundamental and applied research on permafrost in Canada.2Earth Science Sector (ESS) Contribution 20110128.

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Throop ◽  
Antoni G. Lewkowicz ◽  
Sharon L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Ice Content

Climate – ground temperature relations are examined under a range of conditions for 10 sites across northern Canada. The sites are located between 60°N and 83°N and at elevations of 40 to 1840 m above sea level. They encompass various environmental and climatic conditions, with permafrost temperatures that range from just below 0 to –15 °C. The substrates range from bedrock to fine-grained sediment with high ice content, and vegetation types include coniferous forests in the Mackenzie Valley, shrub tundra at high elevation in the southern Yukon Territory, and polar desert in the High Arctic. Permafrost conditions at all of these sites are determined primarily by air temperature, followed by snow and substrate conditions. The apparent thermal diffusivity is relatively high at colder sites and in bedrock and is lower at sites in sediment with high ice content. Snow has a greater influence on air–ground temperature relations at sites where mean annual air temperatures and active-layer moisture contents are relatively high, leading to physically significant latent heat effects and a slower freeze-back of the active layer.

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