Analyse géostatistique d'un noyau de barrage tel que construit

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Soulie ◽  
Marc Favre ◽  
Jean-Marie Konrad

Conventional statistical analysis does not take into account the spatial coordinates of the control tests (water content, density, etc.). The geostatistical approach, by considering how the values of measured parameters vary from one location to another, takes into account both features: structure and randomness inherent in the core of the dam. This approach has been applied to the core of the LG-3 dam (James Bay project) built with glacial till. After obtaining the variograms, the problems of estimating the mean compaction degree of a given volume have been studied and the following questions have been analysed: What is the distribution of the degree of compaction of the control volume? What is the efficiency of the compaction control tests that were used during the construction of the dam? Is it possible to improve the efficiency of these tests? Keywords: earthfill, compaction test, quality control, statistical analysis.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.


2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ural Oguz ◽  
Aykut Aykac ◽  
Erhan Demirelli ◽  
Eyup Burak Sancak ◽  
Berkan Resorlu ◽  
...  

Purpose: To investigate whether or not the age of spontaneous resolution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) was familial. Patients and Methods: A questionnaire was administered to more than 1,500 people, and 100 appropriate participants were identified from four referral hospitals. We included the participants who had MNE and whose parents also had MNE with spontaneous resolution. Then the association between the spontaneous resolution time of MNE in parents and that in their children was investigated. Results: The mean ages of spontaneous resolution were 10.7 (10-30 years), 9.4 (6-17 years) and 10.9 (6-18 years) in participants, their mothers and their fathers, respectively. According to the statistical analysis, there was a positive correlation between participants and both their mothers and fathers (p < 0.05). In addition, it was revealed that familial MNE history based on first- and second-degree relatives, in addition to their parents, was also associated with the increased spontaneous resolution age of MNE (p < 0.05). According to our results, gender and parents' education status were not statistically associated with the spontaneous resolution (p > 0.05). Conclusion: As a conclusion, the age of spontaneous resolution of MNE is familial. Although the exact reasons of spontaneous resolution still remain a mystery; further genetic investigations may be able to resolve this mystery.


1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
P. M. Clarke ◽  
K. G. Mitchell

1. A survey and. statistical analysis of the records of litters born in the N.I.R.D. herd of Large White pigs over a period of 16 years are presented.2. The mean length of gestation was 114 days for both gilts and sows.3. The mean numbers of pigs born alive and born dead per litter from gilts, 10·0 and 0·2 respectively, were both significantly smaller than the corresponding figures for sows, 11·8 and O·8. No seasonal differences were found.4. The mean total losses of pigs from birth to weaning at 8 weeks were 29·5% of pigs born alive. The losses in litters from gilts, 23·0%, were significantly smaller than in litters from sows, 31·0%. The losses during the winter months both for gilts, 32·5%, and for sows, 35·9%, were significantly higher than during the summer months, 19·4% and 26·7% for gilts and sows respectively.5. Over 50% of the total losses were due to crushing by the dam, 74·1% of the losses from this cause occurring during the first 48 hr. after birth.6. The mean number of pigs weaned per litter was 8·0. The difference between the number weaned per litter from gilts, 7·7, and per litter from number of pigs was weaned per litter from sows during the summer months, 8·7, than during the winter months, 7·4.7. There was no significant difference between the number of male and of female pigs weaned.8. The mean weight at weaning was 29·9 lb., male pigs, 30·3 lb., being significantly heavier than females, 29·51b. Pigs in litters from gilts, 27·81b., were significantly lighter at weaning than those from sows, 30·0 lb., and for both gilts and sows, pigs reared during the summer months, 29·7 and 31·8 lb. respectively, were significantly heavier than those reared during the winter months, 25·9 and 28·2 lb. respectively.


2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S31-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Yi Ng ◽  
Ki Jinn Chin ◽  
Tong Kiat Kwek

ABSTRACT Background: Leucopenia has been reported after induction of thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension. However, the incidence and characterisitics are not well described. Aims: We performed a retrospective review to describe the incidence and characteristics of leucopenia after induction of thiopentone barbiturate therapy. Setting and Design: Our centre is a national referral centre for neurotrauma and surgery in a tertiary medical institution.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who received thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension during an 18 month period from January 2004 to June 2005 in our neurosurgical intensive care unit. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0. All data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). The Chi square test was used to analyze categorical data and student t test done for comparison of means. For paired data, the paired t?test was used.-test was used. Results: Thirty eight (80.9%) out of 47 patients developed a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count after induction of thiopentone barbiturate coma. The mean decrease in WBC from baseline to the nadir was 6.4 × 10 9 /L (P <lt; 0.001) and occurred 57 (3-147) h after induction. The mean nadir WBC was 8.6 < 3.6 × 10 9 /L. Three (6.4%) patients were leucopenic, with a WBC count of 2.8, 3.1, and 3.6 < 10 9 /L. None of them were neutropenic. We did not find an association between decrease in WBC count and clinical diagnosis of infection. We did not find any association between possible risk factors such as admission GCS, maximum ICP prior to induction of barbiturate coma, APACHE II score, total duration and dose of thiopentone given, and decrease in WBC count. Conclusions: Decrease in WBC count is common, while development of leucopenia is rare after thiopentone barbiturate coma. Regular monitoring of WBC counts is recommended.


1942 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
K. E. Bullen

ABSTRACT A detailed analysis of the problem of the earth's density variation has been extended to the earth's central core. It is shown that in the region between the outer boundary of the core and a distance of about 1400 km. from the earth's center the density ranges from 9.4 gm/cm.3 to 11.5 gm/cm.3 within an uncertainty which, if certain general assumptions are true, does not exceed 3 per cent. The density and pressure figures are, moreover, compatible with the existence of fairly pure iron in this part of the earth. The result for the earth's outer mantle as given in a previously published paper, together with those in the present paper, are found to give with good precision the density distribution in a region occupying 99 per cent of the earth's volume. Values of the density within 1400 km. of the earth's center are subject, however, to a wide margin of uncertainty, and there appears to be no means of resolving this uncertainty for the present. The most that can be said is that the mean density in the latter region is greater than 12.3 gm/cm.3 and may quite possibly be several gm/cm.3 in excess of this figure. In the present paper figures are also included for the variation of gravity and the distribution of pressure within the central core. The gravity results are shown to be subject to an appreciable uncertainty except within about 1000 km. of the outer boundary of the core, but the pressure results are expected to be closely accurate at all depths.


2022 ◽  
pp. 152660282110709
Author(s):  
Naoki Fujimura ◽  
Hideaki Obara ◽  
Takaaki Nagano ◽  
Yukihisa Ogawa ◽  
Taira Kobayashi ◽  
...  

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the Active Seal technology employed in the AFX endovascular aortic aneurysm system (AFX), during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) having a conical proximal neck. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the EVAR for AAA with a conical proximal neck using the AFX was performed at 17 Japanese hospitals between January 2016 and August 2020. The conical proximal neck was defined as a cone-shaped proximal neck, with more than 10% diameter increase within a 15 mm length at the proximal landing zone. All anatomical analyses were performed in the core laboratory, and cases with parallel walls within the proximal neck adequate for the landing zone were excluded from the study. Results: This study included 53 patients, but only 39 patients (mean age, 76.6 ± 6.7 years; 87.0% males; mean aneurysm diameter, 52.0 ± 8.0 mm) were analyzed after being characterized as having a pure conical neck by the core laboratory. The mean proximal neck diameters at the lower renal artery and proximal edge of the aneurysm were 20.0 ± 2.9 mm and 27.5 ± 4.9 mm, respectively. The mean proximal neck length was 21.5 ± 6.0 mm. Instructions for use violations other than the conical neck were observed in 15 patients (38.5%). The VELA cuff was used in all cases; however, additional proximal cuff was required in 9 more cases (23.1%). The Active Seal technology was able to significantly extend the proximal sealing zone from 21.5 ± 6.0 to 26.0 ± 12.2 mm ( p = .047). Thirty-six patients completed the 12-month follow-up (one patient was lost to follow-up, and 2 patients died from causes unrelated to the aneurysm), and there were no type-1a and 3 endoleaks with only one reintervention (2.6%) related to type 1b endoleak in the 12-month period. Furthermore, there was no significant enlargement of the proximal neck diameter at 12 months (at 1 month: 20.6 ± 3.4 mm and at 12 months: 21.3 ± 3.8 mm; p = .420). Conclusion: The Active Seal technology of the AFX significantly extended the proximal seal zone and no type-1a endoleak and proximal neck dilation was observed in patients with conical proximal neck at 12 months.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Taskin

<p class="apa">The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of core training program on speed, acceleration, vertical jump, and standing long jump in female soccer players. A total of 40 female soccer players volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided randomly into 1 of 2 groups: core training group (CTG; n = 20) and control group (CG; n = 20). The mean (SD) age was 19.05 ± 1.15 years, height was 160.60 ± 4.22 cm, weight was 56.45 ± 3.33 kg, and sport age was 4.50 ± 1.24 for the core training group; the mean (SD) age was 18.55 ± 0.76 years, height was 159.10 ± 3.86 cm, weight was 52.20 ± 3.60 kg, and sport age was 3.35 ± 0.75 years for the control group. Following randomization, the 2 groups did not differ significantly (p&gt;0.05) in any of the dependent variables. The subjects in the control group did not participate in the training and participated only in the pre- and posttest measurements. To evaluate the effect of core training over the functional performance, we applied a testing procedure that included measurements of speed, acceleration, vertical jump, and standing long jump. The core training group showed a 3.4%, 5.9%, 13.3%, 4.2% improvement in speed, acceleration, vertical jump, and standing long jump (respectively) (P&lt;0.05), whereas the control group did not change (P&gt;0.05). In conclusion, Core exercises were improved speed, acceleration, vertical jump, and standing long jump in 18-19 years-old female soccer players. Therefore, it is believed core training is necessary for optimal sport performance and should not be dismissed for all sport branches.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Dr Harpreet Kaur Gandhoke ◽  
Dr Vasanti Lagali Jirge ◽  
Dr Anjana Bagewadi

Background: Studies estimating the Tobacco- specific nitrosamines, (TSNA’s) which are the strongest carcinogens in the saliva oftobacco users and tobacco quitters, are limited.Objectives: To assess and compare the levels of N- nitrosamines (NNN, NNK) in the saliva of tobacco chewers and non -chewers including those who have quit the habit of tobacco use.Methods: The study included 120 patients who were divided into three groups of 40 each: Group I- Smokeless tobacco chewersGroup II- Tobacco chewers who have completely stopped the habit at least 2 weeks prior to sample collection andGroup III- non-chewers. The salivary levels of two tobacco specific nitrosamines; NNN & NNK levels were estimated in the three study groups. Statistical analysis was done by Kruskal– Wallis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Mann-Whitney U test. (p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant)Results: In Group I, the mean level of NNN was 651.84 ± 359.78 and mean level of NNK was 168.32 ± 131.83. In Group II, the mean level of NNN was 119.52 ± 95.05 and mean level of NNK was 42.78 ± 43.19. In Group III, the mean level of NNN was 3.44 ±6.55 and mean level of NNK was 1.98 ± 3.68. There was a statistical difference in the 3 groups with respect to mean levels of NNN and NNK.Conclusion: The study indicated that salivary tobacco-specific nitrosamines are elevated in tobacco chewers. Saliva can be used to detect TSNA’s and screen for TSNA’s during each patient’s de-addiction process.  


Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Van Den Berg ◽  
Olaf Hartsema ◽  
Loes J.M.F. Den Nijs

A series of proficiency tests on potato cyst nematode (PCN; ) and free-living stages of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus () were investigated to determine the accuracy and precision of the nematode counts and to gain insights into possible trends and potential improvements. In each test, each participating laboratory received ten samples of soil collected from naturally infested fields and well mixed before distribution. The variance between the counts from the ten samples, estimated per test and laboratory, was constant for PCN cysts and free-living stages of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. during the period monitored. However, during the initial years, the variance between the samples showed a downward trend for PCN living juveniles. The variance between the laboratories, estimated per test, was constant for PCN cysts over the period 1994-2010. For PCN living juveniles the variance between laboratory means declined from 1994-2000 and from 2000 it was more or less constant, which coincided with the introduction of a well-described new methodology. For Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp., from 1998-2005 the variance between laboratory means was more or less constant or increased. From 2006, all participating laboratories incubated the organic matter and the variance between the laboratories was stable and below the levels observed during 2003-2005. After discarding data from initial years with unstable variances of the nematode counts, a meta-analysis was carried out on the remaining data using HGLMs to model the mean and variance of the counts simultaneously. The within-laboratory variance for the ten samples and the interaction variance of test and laboratory were estimated and combined to percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) per laboratory. For PCN cysts, %CV per laboratory ranged from 12.6 to 41.6 and for PCN juveniles in sandy soil from 24.4 to 67.4 and in loamy soil from 37.9 to 102.0. For Meloidogyne spp., %CV ranged from 53.2 to 84.4 and for Pratylenchus spp. from 24.3 to 90.6. The quality of a proficiency test is largely defined by random distribution of the nematodes over the samples allocated, statistical analysis of the data and communication of the results to participating laboratories. This study provides insights into the accuracy and precision at laboratories in recent years and the effect of concerted actions during the period in which the proficiency tests were conducted.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mehmet Demir ◽  
Bülent Güneri

The coracoacromial ligament (CAL), which restrains superior displacement of humeral head, connects the acromion and coracoid process. Due to the ligament’s variations and its role in shoulder pain, CAL was investigated in this study. Sixty shoulders of 34 cadavers, from persons aged 61-98 (80.95 ± 8.81) years at death time, were dissected. The lengths of lateral (LBL) and medial borders (MBL), widths of acromial (AIW) and coracoid insertions (CIW), and thicknesses of lateral (LSTAI) and medial (MSTAI) sides of acromial insertions were measured by digital caliper. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. 24 (40%) V-shaped, 12 (20%) broad-banded, 9 (15%) quadrangular, 9 (15%) Y-shaped, and 6 (10%) multiple-banded types were identified. The mean total LBL, MBL, AIW, CIW, LSTAI, and MSTAI were 34.94 ± 4.59 mm, 33.58 ± 5.31 mm, 29.82 ± 9.48 mm, 12.62 ± 3.95 mm, 1.29 ± 0.17 mm, and 0.90 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The mean LBL (39.12 ± 4.29 mm), MBL (36.48 ± 3.9 mm), and CIW (37.01 ± 3.39 mm) were significantly greatest in quadrangular type (p<0.001). The mean AIW was slightly greatest in quadrangular type (p=0.069). The mean LSTAI was significantly greatest in multiple-banded type (1.45 ± 0.10 mm, p<0.001) whereas the mean MSTAI was significantly greatest in quadrangular type (1.23 ± 0.23 mm, p<0.001). CAL is quite variable regarding morphology, dimensions, and insertion features. Despite common knowledge, MSTAI and MBL of CAL can be greater than lateral counterparts in some types. To obtain complete release of CAL at acromion, the clearance of ligament fibers in an area with the dimensions of around 16 mm in mediolateral and 15 mm in anteroposterior direction, beginning from the lateral edge of acromial insertion, is recommended.


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