The Edgerton landslides

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Cruden ◽  
S. Thomson ◽  
H.J. Kim ◽  
A.E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Rock Slide ◽  
The West ◽  
West Wall ◽  
Earth Flow ◽  
Average Precipitation

Observations over 20 years of three contiguous translational slides on the west wall of a 100 m deep valley in the Interior Plains document their evolution into advancing, composite, slow earth-flow earth-slides involving over a million cubic metres of displaced material. Colluvial deposits downslope of the apparent toes of the flows are moving. The reactivation of the abandoned slides in the Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks was likely triggered by years of higher than average precipitation following clearing of brush behind the crest of the slope. Back analysis is consistent with fully softened rock in the crowns of the slides and displaced materials at residual strength. Key words : landslide, rock-slide, earth-flow, earth-slide, Interior Plains.

HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE MESOZOIC AND BASAL TERTIARY OF THE GIPPSLAND BASIN: A STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Haskell
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
The West ◽  
Stratigraphic Analysis ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Gippsland Basin ◽  
North And South ◽  
Early Upper

A thick sequence of uppermost Jurassic, Cretaceous and basal Tertiary non-marine sedimentary rocks underlies the Gippsland area of Victoria. The older part of this sequence is extensively exposed in the west of the Gippsland area, but elsewhere it is known dominantly from well intersections. Although several hiates are recognised, palynological data indicate that a comparatively complete Cretaceous section can be compiled from this sequence in the Gippsland area.The uppermost Jurassic to Paleocene rocks can be divided into three units. The oldest unit is uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous in age. It consists of variably compacted greywackes and lithic sandstones, minor arkoses and interbedded siltstones and mudstones. The overlying early Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene units are distinguishable paleontologically and consist of quartzose sandstones, carbonaceous siltstones and mudstones.There is no indication of marine influence on sedimentation present in the microfossil content of any of the palynotogical preparations from samples taken throughout most of the sequence. Several species of microplankton are common in the oldest unit, but they are indicative of the lacustrine conditions under which the unit was deposited.Minor hydrocarbon shows have been recorded from the oldest unit, but the sandstones are characteristically tight. More significant shows have been reported from the two younger units that contain relatively clean sandstones interbedded with siltstones and mudstones. These units possess the greatest economic potential of all of the pre-Eocene rocks of the Gippsland Basin.The structural framework of the region is composed of separate series of north-easterly and easterly trending faults or monoclines and a south-easterly regional dip. Differential movements of blocks defined by this fault-monocline pattern appears to have resulted in erosion of the more prospective early Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene strata from all but two subrectangular areas respectively immediately north and south of Seaspray.

Performance of a highwall in soft rock, Highvale mine, Alberta

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Small ◽  
N. R. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Strip Mining ◽  
Coal Deposit ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Pressure Regime

The Highvale mine, west of Edmonton, Alta., is a strip-mining operation with Upper Cretaceous soft sandstone and mudstone overlying the coal deposit. Highwalls cut in the soft rock experienced numerous failures from 1983 to 1985 that disrupted stripping and mining operations and posed a threat to safety. The performance of a 20–23 m highwall at Highvale was studied in 1987 and 1988 to gain insight to the mechanisms of failure. The study utilized surveying, slope indicators, and piezometers to determine the deformation and seepage pattern behind the highwall as it rebounded into the pit upon excavation. Translational movements were found to extend over 250 m behind the highwall along weak, probably presheared bentonitic mudstones. The sandstone and mudstone overburden was observed to extend toward the open pit. This affected the pore-pressure regime and led to a reduction in the mass strength of the sandstone and mudstone. The findings of this study contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of highwall failure in soft sedimentary rocks. Key words : highwall, deformations, failure, seepage, loosening, softening.

Lithostratigraphy of the Palaeoproterozoic Hekpoort Formation (Pretoria Group, Transvaal Supergroup), South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-668
Author(s):  
N. Lenhardt ◽  
W. Altermann ◽  
F. Humbert ◽  
M. de Kock
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bushveld Complex ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Braided River ◽  
River Systems ◽  
The West ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Transvaal Supergroup

Abstract The Palaeoproterozoic Hekpoort Formation of the Pretoria Group is a lava-dominated unit that has a basin-wide extent throughout the Transvaal sub-basin of South Africa. Additional correlative units may be present in the Kanye sub-basin of Botswana. The key characteristic of the formation is its general geochemical uniformity. Volcaniclastic and other sedimentary rocks are relatively rare throughout the succession but may be dominant in some locations. Hekpoort Formation outcrops are sporadic throughout the basin and mostly occur in the form of gentle hills and valleys, mainly encircling Archaean domes and the Palaeoproterozoic Bushveld Complex (BC). The unit is exposed in the western Pretoria Group basin, sitting unconformably either on the Timeball Hill Formation or Boshoek Formation, which is lenticular there, and on top of the Boshoek Formation in the east of the basin. The unit is unconformably overlain by the Dwaalheuwel Formation. The type-locality for the Hekpoort Formation is the Hekpoort farm (504 IQ Hekpoort), ca. 60 km to the west-southwest of Pretoria. However, no stratotype has ever been proposed. A lectostratotype, i.e., the Mooikloof area in Pretoria East, that can be enhanced by two reference stratotypes are proposed herein. The Hekpoort Formation was deposited in a cratonic subaerial setting, forming a large igneous province (LIP) in which short-termed localised ponds and small braided river systems existed. It therefore forms one of the major Palaeoproterozoic magmatic events on the Kaapvaal Craton.

KERCH STRAIT IN KAMYSH-BURUN SPIT AREA: HIGH-RESOLUTION SEISMOACOUSTIC APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Зинько ◽  
V. Zin'ko ◽  
А. Зверев ◽  
A. Zverev ◽  
М. Федин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
Made In

The seismoacoustical investigations was made in the western part of the Kerch strait (Azov sea) near Kamysh-Burun spit. The fracture zone with dislocated sedimentary rocks layers and buried erosional surface was revealed to the west of spit. Three seismofacial units was revealed to the east of spit. The first unit was modern sedimentary cover. The second ones has cross-bedding features and was, probably, the part of early generation of Kamysh-Burun spit, which lied to the east of its modern position. The lower border of the second unit is the erosional surface supposed of phanagorian age. The third unit is screened by acoustic shedows in large part.

СТАЛИНДИК БИЙЛИК Ч.АЙТМАТОВДУН КӨРКӨМ ОЙ ЖҮГҮРТҮҮСҮНДӨ

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
Б. Ниясалиева ◽  
Н. Алтыкеева
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Good Luck ◽  
The West ◽  
Innocent People ◽  
The Government

Аннотация. Ч.Айтматов “Кылым карытар бир күн” романында ачыктап бере албаган бийлик маселеси кийинки демократиянын учурунда романдын уландысы катары берилген “Чынгызхандын ак булуту “ аттуу чыгармасында таама көрсөтүлдү. Аталган чыгарма сталиндик бийликти сынга алуу менен бийликтин курмандыктары болгон күнөөсүз адамдардын оор тагдырын чагылдырат. Сталиндин образын ачуу максатында элдик легендага кайрылып, Чынгызхандын образы аркылуу Сталиндин образын чагылдырган. Чыгармадагы Тансыкбаевдин образы мансапка манчыркап, адам тагдыры менен ойногон наадан адамдардын образын ачууда колдонулган. Абуталип, Эрдене, Догуланг – булар бийликтин курмандыктары. Алар алдыда өлүм күтүп турса да, өз көз караштарынан тайышпады, өлүмгө тике кароо менен жеңиш дайыма алар тарапта экендигин аныктай алышты. Ырас, Тансыкбаев да өз максатына жете алган жок, Чынгызхан болсо батышты багынтам деген тилегине жетпеди, ал эбегейсиз күчүн жоготту, мындан ары анын жолу болбоду. Түйүндүү сөздөр: образ, демократия, каарман, легенда, идея, көркөм ой жүгүртүү. Аннотация. Проблема правительства, которую Ч.Айтматов не смог раскрыть в романе “И дольше века длится день, ярко показаны в произведении “Белое облако Чингизхана” созданное во время демократии как продолжение названного произведения. В данном произведений критикуется и отражается тяжелая судьба безвинного народа, которые стали жертвами сталинского режима. Писатель обратился к народной легенде для раскрытия образа Сталина, через образ Чингизхана. В произведений образ Тансыкбаева применятся для раскрытия образов людей, которые ради собственного нажива использовали судьбы народа. Абуталип, Эрдене, Догуланг – они жертвы правительства. Несмотря ни на что, они не отреклись от своих убеждений, стояли на смерть ради справедливости. В статье говорится о не достижении своей цели Тансыкбаева, о не покорении Чингизханом Запада, о том, что Чингизхан потерял всю свою силу и удача его покидает. Ключевые слова: власть, образ, демократия, герой, легенда, идея, художественное размышление.. Annotation. The problem of the government, which Ch. Aitmatov could not reveal in the novel “And the day lasts more than a century”is clearly shown in the works “White cloud of Genghis Khan” created during the democracy as a continuation of the title work. In this work criticized and reflected the heavy fate of innocent people who were the victims of the Stalinist regime. The writer appealed to the folk legend to reveal the image of Genghis Khan the writer conveys the image of Stalin. In the work (composition) the image of Tansykbaev will be used to reveal the images of people who used the people’s destinies for their own profit . Abutalip, Erdene, Doulan-they are the victims of government. No matter what, they didn’t renounce their beliefs, stood to death for justice . The article says about not achieving the goal of Tansykbaeva, about not conguering the West by Genghis Khan and that Genghis Khan lost all his strength and good luck leaves him. Key words: power, image, democracy, hero, legend, idea, artistic reflection.

Apercu geologique sur les collines de Boutenac (Aude)

1962 ◽  
Vol S7-IV (3) ◽  
pp. 362-379
Author(s):  
Alain Combes
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
The West ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Sandy Limestone

Abstract The Boutenac hills in the northeastern Corbieres region of southern France, are part of the autochthonous foreland of the eastern Corbieres nappe. They are an isolated massif between the Paleozoic formations of the Alaric mountain on the west, and the Jurassic and Cretaceous formations of the Fontfroide chain on the east, entirely surrounded by alluvium. Structurally, they comprise Mesozoic formations on the east thrust over the Eocene on the west, on a fault that is the prolongation of the Saint Chinian frontal fault to the northeast. The Mesozoic formations comprise upper (?) Triassic shale and dolomite, sandy limestone, dolomite, and limestone; Jurassic red sandstones and shales; and upper Cretaceous transgressive clastics. The Eocene is limestone and marl overlain by continental conglomerate and molasse, transgressive on the west upon the Alaric Paleozoics. Folding and thrust and normal faulting are important in the structure.

Late Mesozoic—Cenozoic clay mineral successions of southern Iran and their palaeoclimatic implications

Clay Minerals ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khormali ◽  
A. Abtahi ◽  
H. R. Owliaie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractClay minerals of calcareous sedimentary rocks of southern Iran, part of the old Tethys area, were investigated in order to determine their origin and distribution, and to reconstruct the palaeoclimate of the area. Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thin-section studies were performed on the 16 major sedimentary rocks of the Fars and Kuhgiluyeh Boyerahmad Provinces.Kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, illite, palygorskite and illite-smectite interstratified minerals were detected in the rocks studied. The results revealed that detrital input is possibly the main source of kaolinite, smectite, chlorite and illite, whilein situneoformation during the Tertiary shallow saline and alkaline environment could be the dominant cause of palygorskite occurrences in the sedimentary rocks.The presence of a large amount of kaolinite in the Lower Cretaceous sediments and the absence or rare occurrence of chlorite, smectite, palygorskite and illite are in accordance with the warm and humid climate of that period. Smaller amounts of kaolinite and the occurrence of smectite in Upper Cretaceous sediments indicate the gradual shift from warm and humid to more seasonal climate. The occurrence of palygorskite and smectite and the disappearance of kaolinite in the late Palaeocene sediments indicate the increase in aridity which has probably continued to the present time.

Non-standart position of the false door in Giza tombs - a builing mistake or a least-evil solution?

2021 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Vetokhov
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
West Wall ◽  
Early Information ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Western Wall ◽  
Vacant Space

In the chapels of a number of tombs in the Giza necropolis, both rock-cut and stone (mastaba), the false door – the main place of worship of the tomb – is sometimes not located on the west wall. Given that the tradition of placing the false door precisely on the western wall had deep roots for centuries, these cases raise a legitimate question about the reasons for such an anomaly. But the paucity of examples, both in Giza and in other necropolises, made it difficult to conduct a broad analysis of this phenomenon. This question has been repeatedly raised in the literature, but it is still debatable. And after the discovery of new examples at the site of the Russian Archaeological Mission at Giza of the Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS (RAMG), it became necessary to return to this problem to analyze it, to structure and summarize the early information, to try to understand the nature of the occurrence of such cases. A total of nine such cases are known in the Giza necropolis; all of them date from the time of the V–VI dynasties, when the necropolis is drastically compacted – and the tombs are occupied by any vacant space. It was not always possible to place false doors on the western wall of the chapels for each individual burial. As a result, sometimes the builders deliberately placed a false door not on the western wall but in the immediate vicinity of the burial to emphasise the connection between them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document