PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN MUNICIPAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-351
Author(s):  
R. A. Brocklebank
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Human History ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
Surveying And Mapping

Map making is as old as recorded human history. The introduction of modern photogrammetric methods and the population explosion with the residtant growth of cities sets new requirements for municipal surveying and mapping. Nearly all large-scale mapping in Canada is done by commercial aerial survey companies. To assess the volume of the work involved, the author quotes some interesting statistical data and then discusses typical requirements and usual conditions under which photogrammetric mapping is carried out. There is an obvious lack of planning and standardization in this area, and the author makes several suggestions on how this situation could be improved.

Alban Berg

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
String Quartet ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Alban Berg ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Stefan George ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Parallel Texts

When Austrian composer Alban Berg was working on his opera Lulu, he wrote three Baudelaire songs as a Konzertaria entitled Der Wein. Premiered in 1930, Der Wein is a large-scale work for voice and orchestra. Berg uses a German translation by Stefan George, but the published score is in parallel texts, accommodating the French verse line. The chapter also considers a ‘hidden’ Baudelaire setting from Berg’s 1926 Lyric Suite for string quartet. The analysis covers: (a) the context of composition; (b) the connections established between selected poems; (c) the statistical data generated from the adhesion strength tests; and (d) how the data shape an evaluation of Berg’s settings of Baudelaire. Evidence suggests that Berg’s settings of Baudelaire are loosely entangled; the highly prescriptive score affects syntax, semantics, and prosody. Yet, because Der Wein has stood the test of time, the settings are deemed loosely accretive.

scholarly journals Human social organization during the Late Pleistocene: Beyond the nomadic-egalitarian model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manvir Singh ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Human History ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Social Variation

Many researchers assume that until 10-12,000 years ago, humans lived in small, mobile, relatively egalitarian bands composed mostly of kin. This “nomadic-egalitarian model” informs evolutionary explanations of behavior and our understanding of how contemporary societies differ from those of our evolutionary past. Here, we synthesize research challenging this model and propose an alternative, the diverse histories model, to replace it. We outline the limitations of using recent foragers as models of Late Pleistocene societies and the considerable social variation among foragers commonly considered small-scale, mobile, and egalitarian. We review ethnographic and archaeological findings covering 34 world regions showing that non-agricultural peoples often live in groups that are more sedentary, unequal, large, politically stratified, and capable of large-scale cooperation and resource management than is normally assumed. These characteristics are not restricted to extant Holocene hunter-gatherers but, as suggested by archaeological findings from 27 Middle Stone Age sites, likely characterized societies throughout the Late Pleistocene (until c. 130 ka), if not earlier. These findings have implications for how we understand human psychological adaptations and the broad trajectory of human history.

Geographical axis effects in large-scale linguistic distributions

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-77
Author(s):  
Tom Güldemann ◽  
Harald Hammarström
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Human History ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
First Results ◽  
Long Time

Taking up Diamond’s (1999) geographical axis hypothesis regarding the different population histories of continental areas, Güldemann (2008, 2010) proposed that macro-areal aggregations of linguistic features are influenced by geographical factors. This chapter explores this idea by extending it to the whole world in testing whether the way linguistic features assemble over long time spans and large space is influenced by what we call “latitude spread potential” and “longitude spread constraint.” Regarding the former, the authors argue in particular that contact-induced feature distributions as well as genealogically defined language groups with a sufficient geographical extension tend to have a latitudinal orientation. Regarding the latter, the authors provide first results suggesting that linguistic diversity within language families tends to be higher along longitude axes. If replicated by more extensive and diverse testing, the authors’ findings promise to become important ingredients for a comprehensive theory of human history across space and time within linguistics and beyond.

scholarly journals Map of the Mount Gongga Glacier: A Combination of Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Chen Jianming
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Mountain Glacier ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Surveying And Mapping

For use in glaciological research, between 1982 and 1984, we succeeded in surveying and mapping the Mount Gongga Glacier, on a scale of 1:25 000, by means of a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. This paper describes the method in detail. In the survey area, we set up an independent, triangulation network, with microwave distance measurement, and two, independent, straight-line traverses, for basic control. Control points were observed by intersection. The terrestrial, photogrammetric baselines were projected and corrected into distances on the. plane of the map. Terrestrial photography accounted for the majority of the photographs of the survey area. Surveying and mapping of planimetrie and topographic features were completed on a stereo-autograph, using plates mainly from terrestrial photogrammetry. Where these data were insufficient, they were supplemented by aerial photography, plotted on a photographic plotting instrument. Orientation points of the aerial photographs were established by terrestrial, photogrammetric analysis and located on the map by an optical, mechanical method. The practical result showed that a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, in mapping a high, mountain, glacier area, on a large scale, is more feasible and flexible than other methods and more economical as well.

“Big History” Old and New: Presuppositions, Limits, Alternatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Megill
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Human History ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Big History

In recent years David Christian and others have promoted “Big History” as an innovative approach to the study of the past. The present paper juxtaposes to Big History an old Big History, namely, the tradition of “universal history” that flourished in Europe from the mid-sixteenth century until well into the nineteenth century. The claim to universality of works in that tradition depended on the assumed truth of Christianity, a fact that was fully acknowledged by the tradition’s adherents. The claim of the new Big History to universality likewise depends on prior assumptions. Simply stated, in its various manifestations the “new” Big History is rooted either in a continuing theology, or in a form of materialism that is assumed to be determinative of human history, or in a somewhat contradictory amalgam of the two. The present paper suggests that “largest-scale history” as exemplified in the old and new Big Histories is less a contribution to historical knowledge than it is a narrativization of one or another worldview. Distinguishing between largest-scale history and history that is “merely” large-scale, the paper also suggests that a better approach to meeting the desire for large scale in historical writing is through more modest endeavors, such as large-scale comparative history, network and exchange history, thematic history, and history of modernization.

Journey to the centre of the world: Google Maps and the abstraction of cybernetic capitalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-579
Author(s):  
Timothy Erik Ström
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human History ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Representation ◽  
Capitalist World

Across human history, many cultures have produced different ‘centres of the world’, with cartography often being bound up in the construction and representations of this axis mundi. A contemporary manifestation of these ancient phenomena can be seen in Google Maps, the most popular world-map ever made. Google use surveillance to present various types of customized centres-of-the-world, with their global representation being automatically tailored for specific subjects. This study uses engaged theory to analytically separate the levels of abstraction inherent in these processes, connecting empiric observations with large-scale historic transformations, with a focus on subjective and material changes in relation to the capitalist world-system. It is argued that the automated, atomizing processes bound up in Google Maps serve to projects intensifying abstractions into everyday social practice, thus reconstituting how space and time are experienced, as well as being intimately bound up with intensifying processes of capital accumulation and social control.

“He Should Learn That He Cannot Get a Woman for free”: Male Elopers and Constructions of Masculinity in the Afghan Justice System

2020 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2091047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torunn Wimpelmann ◽  
Aziz Hakimi ◽  
Masooma Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Legal Grounds

This article explores constructions of gender, masculinity, and class in moral crimes prosecutions, and their legal aftermaths in Afghanistan. It argues that the lack of attention to men in advocacy and research about moral crimes, while reflecting a (geo-) politicized conflation of gender with women, constitute both an empirical and an analytical oversight. The first part of the article discusses the legal grounds for the prosecution of men for “moral crimes” in Afghanistan and presents statistical data that reveals large-scale incarceration of men for pursuing consensual, heterosexual relations, including the non-codified crime of elopement. In the second part, we use ethnographic data to probe into the ways in which the treatment of male elopers are based on specific notions of gender, sexuality, and masculinity. We suggest that the interrelated, yet differentiated, prosecution of male and female elopers in Afghanistan can be usefully understood in terms of a gender regime that places different expectations on men and women. Women’s gender performance is ranked according to (verifiable) chastity, men’s gender performance according to the (legitimate, i.e., honorable) command of resources.

Are Girls a Disadvantaged Group?

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Female Disadvantage

Statistics from the Victorian H.S.C. Examination over the period 1944 to 1974 reveal consistent trends in the relative numbers of boys and girls remaining at school for the full six years of secondary education and qualifying for entrance to tertiary institutions. Coupled with this there have been trends in the relative popularity of individual subjects and of the combinations of subjects taken by large numbers of boys and girls. These trends in relative success rates and in subjects studied by the two sexes cast serious doubt on the adequacy of the “female disadvantage model” as a guide to action. Predictions derived from this model and an alternative “interdependent sub-cultures model” are examined in the light of the statistical data. The predictions of the latter model are found to conform more closely with the available data. It is suggested that, before any further commitment is made to large scale programs based on “disadvantage models”, there should be careful consideration of possible alternatives.

Bhopal: 10 Years Later — Why the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal?

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Human History ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Environment And Development

Throughout the last decade, international concern about global warming, deforestation, genetic erosion, desertification, and ozone depletion has assumed greater urgency. The health and environmental dangers arising from the large-scale production of hazardous chemicals have been relatively neglected. The UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) failed to address these issues. Yet dangerous chemicals and hazardous technologies are now used at a level unprecedented in human history, frequently with profound and immediate effects on the lives of their victims.

scholarly journals APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES OF ASSOCIATION RULES IN STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Pēteris Grabusts
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Association Rule ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Intelligent Data Processing ◽  
Data Processing Methods

This paper studies one of intelligent data processing methods: using association rules for data analysis. The method of association rule obtaining what was initially developed to analyse consumer’s basket has turned to be a good tool for other tasks too. The method helps search and find regularities of the form X  Y in different kinds of data. Nowadays this method is widely applied in the tasks of large scale database processing and analysing. As a result, methods of association rule construction occupy their place among the basic methods of intelligent data processing. The paper consists of two parts: theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part examines the mathematical aspects of association rule construction in detail and describes basic concepts and algorithm application possibilities. The experimental part presents implementation results and analysis of experiments. Conclusions have been drawn concerning the efficiency of association rules’ application in search of regularities. Even though the association rules mining method is among the fundamental data processing methods, in Latvia this method is not widely used, therefore, the article under consideration reveals the potential possibilities of the association rule mining in the analysis of statistical data.

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