Are Girls a Disadvantaged Group?

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Female Disadvantage

Statistics from the Victorian H.S.C. Examination over the period 1944 to 1974 reveal consistent trends in the relative numbers of boys and girls remaining at school for the full six years of secondary education and qualifying for entrance to tertiary institutions. Coupled with this there have been trends in the relative popularity of individual subjects and of the combinations of subjects taken by large numbers of boys and girls. These trends in relative success rates and in subjects studied by the two sexes cast serious doubt on the adequacy of the “female disadvantage model” as a guide to action. Predictions derived from this model and an alternative “interdependent sub-cultures model” are examined in the light of the statistical data. The predictions of the latter model are found to conform more closely with the available data. It is suggested that, before any further commitment is made to large scale programs based on “disadvantage models”, there should be careful consideration of possible alternatives.

scholarly journals GNA: new framework for statistical data analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 05024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fatkina ◽  
Maxim Gonchar ◽  
Anastasia Kalitkina ◽  
Liudmila Kolupaeva ◽  
Dmitry Naumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Matrix Multiplication ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Framework

We report on the status of GNA — a new framework for fitting large-scale physical models. GNA utilizes the data flow concept within which a model is represented by a directed acyclic graph. Each node is an operation on an array (matrix multiplication, derivative or cross section calculation, etc). The framework enables the user to create flexible and efficient large-scale lazily evaluated models, handle large numbers of parameters, propagate parameters’ uncertainties while taking into account possible correlations between them, fit models, and perform statistical analysis. The main goal of the paper is to give an overview of the main concepts and methods as well as reasons behind their design. Detailed technical information is to be published in further works.

Computer Analyses in Preventive Health Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
New Era ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Computer Analyses

The utilization of an automated multitest laboratory as a data acquisition center and of a computer for trie data processing and analysis permits large scale preventive medical research previously not feasible. Normal test values are easily generated for the particular population studied. Long-term epidemiological research on large numbers of persons becomes practical. It is our belief that the advent of automation and computers has introduced a new era of preventive medicine.

Alban Berg

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
String Quartet ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Alban Berg ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Stefan George ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Parallel Texts

When Austrian composer Alban Berg was working on his opera Lulu, he wrote three Baudelaire songs as a Konzertaria entitled Der Wein. Premiered in 1930, Der Wein is a large-scale work for voice and orchestra. Berg uses a German translation by Stefan George, but the published score is in parallel texts, accommodating the French verse line. The chapter also considers a ‘hidden’ Baudelaire setting from Berg’s 1926 Lyric Suite for string quartet. The analysis covers: (a) the context of composition; (b) the connections established between selected poems; (c) the statistical data generated from the adhesion strength tests; and (d) how the data shape an evaluation of Berg’s settings of Baudelaire. Evidence suggests that Berg’s settings of Baudelaire are loosely entangled; the highly prescriptive score affects syntax, semantics, and prosody. Yet, because Der Wein has stood the test of time, the settings are deemed loosely accretive.

scholarly journals Development of a Radar Reflector Kit for Older Adults to Use to Signal Their Location and Needs in a Large-Scale Earthquake Disaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Yuma Morisaki ◽  
Makoto Fujiu ◽  
Ryoichi Furuta ◽  
Junichi Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Vulnerable People

In Japan, older adults account for the highest proportion of the population of any country in the world. When large-scale earthquake disasters strike, large numbers of casualties are known to particularly occur among seniors. Many are physically or mentally vulnerable and require assistance during the different phases of disaster response, including rescue, evacuation, and living in an evacuation center. However, the growing number of older adults has made it difficult, after a disaster, to quickly gather information on their locations and assess their needs. The authors are developing a proposal to enable vulnerable people to signal their location and needs in the aftermath of a disaster to response teams by deploying radar reflectors that can be detected in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery. The purpose of this study was to develop a radar reflector kit that seniors could easily assemble in order to make this proposal feasible in practice. Three versions of the reflector were tested for detectability, and a sample of older adults was asked to assemble the kits and provide feedback regarding problems they encountered and regarding their interest in using the reflectors in the event of a large-scale disaster.

scholarly journals System design for inferring colony-level pollination activity through miniature bee-mounted sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haron M. Abdel-Raziq ◽  
Daniel M. Palmer ◽  
Phoebe A. Koenig ◽  
Alyosha C. Molnar ◽  
Kirstin H. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Cluttered Environments ◽  
Robotic Mapping ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Engineered Systems

AbstractIn digital agriculture, large-scale data acquisition and analysis can improve farm management by allowing growers to constantly monitor the state of a field. Deploying large autonomous robot teams to navigate and monitor cluttered environments, however, is difficult and costly. Here, we present methods that would allow us to leverage managed colonies of honey bees equipped with miniature flight recorders to monitor orchard pollination activity. Tracking honey bee flights can inform estimates of crop pollination, allowing growers to improve yield and resource allocation. Honey bees are adept at maneuvering complex environments and collectively pool information about nectar and pollen sources through thousands of daily flights. Additionally, colonies are present in orchards before and during bloom for many crops, as growers often rent hives to ensure successful pollination. We characterize existing Angle-Sensitive Pixels (ASPs) for use in flight recorders and calculate memory and resolution trade-offs. We further integrate ASP data into a colony foraging simulator and show how large numbers of flights refine system accuracy, using methods from robotic mapping literature. Our results indicate promising potential for such agricultural monitoring, where we leverage the superiority of social insects to sense the physical world, while providing data acquisition on par with explicitly engineered systems.

Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: evidence for large-scale migration

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Gales ◽  
Robert D. McCauley ◽  
Janet Lanyon ◽  
Dave Holley
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
Ningaloo Reef ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Plausible Hypothesis ◽  
Exmouth Gulf ◽  
Regional Abundance

The third in a series of five-yearly aerial surveys for dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf was conducted in July 1999. The first two surveys provided evidence of an apparently stable population of dugongs, with ~1000 animals in each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef, and 10 000 in Shark Bay. We report estimates of less than 200 for each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef and ~14 000 for Shark Bay. This is an apparent overall increase in the dugong population over this whole region, but with a distributional shift of animals to the south. The most plausible hypothesis to account for a large component of this apparent population shift is that animals in Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef moved to Shark Bay, most likely after Tropical Cyclone Vance impacted available dugong forage in the northern habitat. Bias associated with survey estimate methodology, and normal changes in population demographics may also have contributed to the change. The movement of large numbers of dugongs over the scale we suggest has important management implications. First, such habitat-driven shifts in regional abundance will need to be incorporated in assessing the effectiveness of marine protected areas that aim to protect dugongs and their habitat. Second, in circumstances where aerial surveys are used to estimate relative trends in abundance of dugongs, animal movements of the type we propose could lead to errors in interpretation.

MIC-Drop: A platform for large-scale in vivo CRISPR screens

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabi8870
Author(s):  
Saba Parvez ◽  
Chelsea Herdman ◽  
Manu Beerens ◽  
Korak Chakraborti ◽  
Zachary P. Harmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Droplet Microfluidics ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Function ◽  
Genome Scale

CRISPR-Cas9 can be scaled up for large-scale screens in cultured cells, but CRISPR screens in animals have been challenging because generating, validating, and keeping track of large numbers of mutant animals is prohibitive. Here, we report Multiplexed Intermixed CRISPR Droplets (MIC-Drop), a platform combining droplet microfluidics, single-needle en masse CRISPR ribonucleoprotein injections, and DNA barcoding to enable large-scale functional genetic screens in zebrafish. The platform can efficiently identify genes responsible for morphological or behavioral phenotypes. In one application, we show MIC-Drop can identify small molecule targets. Furthermore, in a MIC-Drop screen of 188 poorly characterized genes, we discover several genes important for cardiac development and function. With the potential to scale to thousands of genes, MIC-Drop enables genome-scale reverse-genetic screens in model organisms.

Study on Rapid Archival Technology of Bullets Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-bo Pan ◽  
Di-lin Pan ◽  
Nan Pan ◽  
Xiao Ye ◽  
Miaohan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Dynamic Time Warping ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Line Graph ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Time Warping ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Dynamic Time

Traditional gun archiving methods are mostly carried out through bullets’ physics or photography, which are inefficient and difficult to trace, and cannot meet the needs of large-scale archiving. Aiming at such problems, a rapid archival technology of bullets based on graph convolutional neural network has been studied and developed. First, the spot laser is used to take the circle points of the bullet rifling traces. The obtained data is filtered and noise-reduced to make the corresponding line graph, and then the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm convolutional neural network model is used to perform the processing on the processed data. Not only is similarity matched, the rapid matching of the rifling of the bullet is also accomplished. Comparison of experimental results shows that this technology has the advantages of rapid archiving and high accuracy. Furthermore, it can be carried out in large numbers at the same time, and is more suitable for practical promotion and application.

Trust, efficacy and ethicacy when testing prisoners for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Lambert ◽  
Dean Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Current System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and subsequent COVID-19 illness has had a major impact on all levels of society internationally. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on prison staff and prisoners in England and Wales is unknown. Testing for COVID-19 both asymptomatic and symptomatic, as well as for antibodies, to date, has been minimal. The purpose of this paper is to explore the widespread testing of COVID-19 in prisons poses philosophical and ethical questions around trust, efficacy and ethicacy. Design/methodology/approach This paper is both descriptive, providing an overview of the widespread testing of COVID-19 in prisoners in England and Wales, and conceptual in that it discusses and argues the issues associated with large-scale testing. This paper provides a discussion, using comparative studies, of the issues associated with large-scale testing of prisoners across the prison estate in England and Wales (120 prisons). The issues identified in this paper are contextualised through the lens of COVID-19, but they are equally transferrable to epidemiological studies of any pandemic. Given the prevalence of COVID-19 globally and the lack of information about its spread in prisons, at the time of writing this paper, there is a programme of asymptomatic testing of prisoners. However, there remains a paucity of data on the spread of COVID-19 in prisons because of the progress with the ongoing testing programme. Findings The authors argue that the widespread testing of prisoners requires careful consideration of the details regarding who is included in testing, how consent is gained and how tests are administered. This paper outlines and argues the importance of considering the complex nuance of power relationships within the prison system, among prisoner officers, medical staff and prisoners and the detrimental consequences. Practical implications The widespread testing of COVID-19 presents ethical and practical challenges. Careful planning is required when considering the ethics of who should be included in COVID-19 testing, how consent will be gained, who and how tests will be administered and very practical challenges around the recording and assigning of COVID-19 test kits inside the prison. The current system for the general population requires scanning of barcodes and registration using a mobile number; these facilities are not permitted inside a prison. Originality/value This paper looks at the issues associated with mass testing of prisoners for COVID-19. According to the authors’ knowledge, there has not been any research that looks at the issues of testing either in the UK or internationally. The literature available details countries’ responses to the pandemic rather and scientific papers on the development of vaccines. Therefore, this paper is an original review of some of the practicalities that need to be addressed to ensure that testing can be as successful as possible.

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