scholarly journals Wear evaluation and microstructure analysis of cryogenically treated AISI 440C Bearing steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idayan A ◽  
C. Elanchezhian ◽  
B. Vijaya Ramnath ◽  
Palanikumar K
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Increase Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Evaluation

In this research work, two types of cryogenic treatment such as deep cryogenic treatment (-196oC) and shallow cryogenic treatment (-80oC) have been adopted for wear resistance to increase in AISI 440C bearing steel. This paper has been focused to increase Wear Resistance (WR) through deep micro structural analyses, and also attention has been made to correlate the microstructure with the wear character of Deep Cryogenic treated (DCT) specimens, Conventional Heat Treated (CHT) specimens and Shallow Cryogenic Treated (SCT) specimens. Micro structural examinations have been carried out in the specimens through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Wear characteristics of AISI 440C bearing steel has been studied. The outcome of the research disclosed that the DCT specimens have higher wear resistance than SCT and CHT specimens. The effective wear mechanisms recognized were the constitution of white layers and delamination of white layers. The microstructures of the materials have been varied through heat treatment process. The modification of Secondary Carbides (SCs) precipitation characteristics and its reduction of retained austenite in the microstructure have been correlated with wear character and these are the liable mechanism to raise the wear resistance of bearing steels through DCT.

Evaluation of Deep Criogenic Treatment at Microabrasive Wear of Aisi D2 Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1257-1263
Author(s):  
Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva ◽  
Tiago F.O. Melo ◽  
José A. Araújo ◽  
J.L.A. Ferreira ◽  
S.J. Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Abrasive Resistance ◽  
Austenitization Temperature ◽  
Aisi D2 Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
D2 Steel

Wear resistance of tool steels can be increased with deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) application. Mechanisms related to DCT are still not completely understood. Microabrasive wear resistance of cryogenically treated samples of AISI D2 steel was evaluated in terms of austenitization temperature at heat treatment cycle and quenching steps related to DCT. X-ray difractometry, scanning and optical microscopy and quantitative evaluation of carbides with image analysis were carried out aiming material characterization. For samples subjected to higher austenitization temperatures, the DCT treatment does not increase abrasive wear resistance. For samples treated at lower austenitization temperature, the DCT treatment results on 44% increase at abrasive resistance. This effect is correlated to the increase of the amount of fine carbides distributed at samples matrices cryogenically treated.

Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance of AISI 52100 Bearing Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Gunes ◽  
Adem Cicek ◽  
Kubilay Aslantas ◽  
Fuat Kara
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Aisi 52100

Microstructure of In Situ Particles/7055Al Matrix Composites with Deep Cryogenic Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Yin Zhang ◽  
Gui Rong Li ◽  
Ting Wang Zhang ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
Hong Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

Al2O3，Al3Ti and Al3Zr particles reinforced 7055 aluminium matrix composites were fabricated via melt reaction method. The volume fraction is controlled at about 4-5%. After extrusion and solution-aging heat treatment the sample was prepared for deep cryogenic treatment, The microstructure and evolution of mechanical properties of (Al3Ti+Al3Zr)p/7055 composites were analyzed using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Some θ(Al2Cu) phases with nanometer size precipitate in the inner grain. As some grains preferred orient the intensity of some main diffraction peaks increase. Compared with those of as-cast and squeezed states the micro hardness has increased by 16.8% and 10.0% separately.

scholarly journals Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Wear and Galling Properties of High-Speed Steels

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7561
Author(s):  
Patricia Jovičević-Klug ◽  
Marko Sedlaček ◽  
Matic Jovičević-Klug ◽  
Bojan Podgornik
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Wear Mode

New approaches to improving wear resistance with an affordable and noncomplex technology, such as deep cryogenic treatment, (DCT0), are receiving attention. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of DCT on the friction and wear performance of high-speed steels. AISI M2, AISI M3:2 and AISI M35 were heat-treated under different conditions, and then investigated under dry sliding conditions. Tribological testing involved different contact conditions, prevailing wear mechanisms and loading conditions. The DCT effect on sliding wear resistance depends on HSS steel grade, as well as contact conditions and wear mode, whereas it improves the dynamic impact of the wear and galling resistance.

Influence of deep-cryogenic treatment on wear resistance of vacuum heat-treated HSS

Vacuum ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Leskovšek ◽  
M. Kalin ◽  
J. Vižintin
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Heat Treated

Study on Microstructure and Properties of 5A06 Aluminum Alloy Welded Joint by Deep Cryogenic Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 927-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Gao ◽  
Zhi Sheng Wu ◽  
Peng Fei Jin ◽  
Jun Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
5A06 Aluminum Alloy

In this paper, some deep cryogenic treatment experiments are first applied to 5A06 aluminum alloy welded joint at liquid nitrogen temperature （-155°C ）for 4h, 8h, 10h respectively. 5A06 alloy welded joints before and after deep cryogenic treatment are observed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electrical microscopy. The experimental results have shown that the deep cryogenic treatment causesβphase of alloy to disperse and makes the grain smaller than that of joint before deep cryogenic treatment. Therefore, the mechanical properties of 5A06 alloy welded joints after deep cryogenic treatment are greatly improved.

scholarly journals Stable and Metastable Phase Equilibria Involving the Cu6Sn5 Intermetallic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leineweber ◽  
M. Löffler ◽  
S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ordered Phases ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Cu6Sn5 intermetallic occurs in the form of differently ordered phases η, η′ and η′′. In solder joints, this intermetallic can undergo changes in composition and the state of order without or while interacting with excess Cu and excess Sn in the system, potentially giving rise to detrimental changes in the mechanical properties of the solder. In order to study such processes in fundamental detail and to get more detailed information about the metastable and stable phase equilibria, model alloys consisting of Cu3Sn + Cu6Sn5 as well as Cu6Sn5 + Sn-rich melt were heat treated. Powder x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy supplemented by electron backscatter diffraction were used to investigate the structural and microstructural changes. It was shown that Sn-poor η can increase its Sn content by Cu3Sn precipitation at grain boundaries or by uptake of Sn from the Sn-rich melt. From the kinetics of the former process at 513 K and the grain size of the η phase, we obtained an interdiffusion coefficient in η of (3 ± 1) × 10−16 m2 s−1. Comparison of this value with literature data implies that this value reflects pure volume (inter)diffusion, while Cu6Sn5 growth at low temperature is typically strongly influenced by grain-boundary diffusion. These investigations also confirm that η′′ forming below a composition-dependent transus temperature gradually enriches in Sn content, confirming that Sn-poor η′′ is metastable against decomposition into Cu3Sn and more Sn-rich η or (at lower temperatures) η′. Graphic Abstract

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