CO-ORDINATION COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM (IV) HALIDES: II. PREPARATION AND INFRARED SPECTRA OF THE COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE WITH DIESTERS OF α,ω-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND COMPARISON WITH ANALOGOUS COMPLEXES OF ZIRCONIUM TETRACHLORIDE AND TIN TETRACHLORIDE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2343-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Rivet ◽  
Real Aubin ◽  
Roland Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Complex Molecule ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zirconium Tetrachloride ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Zirconium Complexes ◽  
Tin Tetrachloride

Co-ordination complexes between diesters of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids and titanium tetrachloride, tin tetrachloride, and zirconium tetrachloride have been prepared. The analytical results, the infrared spectra, the melting points, and the molecular-weight determinations indicate that for the titanium and zirconium complexes, two types of complexes are obtained, one having a general formula MX4•1 diester in which chelate rings from five to nine atoms are formed and the other one, 2MX4•1 diester in which there are two 4-membered rings per complex molecule. With tin tetrachloride only one type of complex is formed, which has two tin tetrachlorides and two diesters per complex molecule.

CO-ORDINATION COMPLEXES OF GROUP (IV) HALIDES: PREPARATION AND INFRARED SPECTRA OF THE CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE, TITANIUM TETRABROMIDE, ZIRCONIUM TETRACHLORIDE, TIN TETRACHLORIDE, AND BORON TRICHLORIDE WITH ETHYL CYANOACETATE AS LIGAND

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumer Chand Jain ◽  
Roland Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethyl Cyanoacetate ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Zirconium Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Boron Trichloride ◽  
Titanium Tetrabromide ◽  
Tin Tetrachloride

Co-ordination compounds between ethyl cyanoacetate and boron trichloride, titanium tetrabromide, and tetrachlorides of titanium, zirconium, and tin have been prepared. The analytical results indicate that under similar experimental conditions, 1:1 addition compounds are obtained in each case. On the basis of infrared spectra it has been postulated that the compounds obtained are six-membered ring chelates, satisfying the most common co-ordination number six for the elements of group IV.

COORDINATION COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM (IV) HALIDES: IV. PREPARATION AND INFRARED SPECTRA OF THE COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE WITH CHLORINE-SUBSTITUTED ESTERS OF MONOBASIC ACIDS AS LIGANDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2243-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumer Chand Jain ◽  
Roland Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Alkyl Radical ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Coordination Complexes ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Ether Group ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Acid Radical ◽  
Chlorine Substitution ◽  
Coordination Bonds

Coordination complexes between titanium tetrachloride and some chlorine-substituted monoesters have been prepared.Infrared spectra of these complexes and their melting points indicate that the strength of the coordination bonds decreases as the number of chlorines increases in the acid radical. When the substitution is in the alkyl radical, it is possible to prepare complexes of the formula TiCl4•2 ester, since the chlorine substitution decreases the basic properties of the oxygen of the ether group in the ligand.

COORDINATION COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM (IV) HALIDES: III. PREPARATION AND INFRARED SPECTRA OF THE COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE WITH UREA, THIOUREA, AND SOME OF THEIR DERIVATIVES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2234-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Coordination Complexes ◽  
Dinuclear Complexes ◽  
Derivatives Of

The following coordination complexes of titanium (IV) have been prepared: TiCl4•2CO(NH2)2, TiCl4•CO(NHCH3)2, TiCl4•2CO(NHCH3)2, 2TiCl4•2NH2CON(C6H5)2, 2TiCl4•2CO(NHC6H5)2 TiCl4•2CS(NH2)2, 2TiCl4•CS(NHC2H5)2, 2TiCl4•NH2CSN(C6H5)2, and 2TiCl4•CS(NHC6H5)2; their infrared spectra have been measured and their molecular weight determined. For urea and its derivatives the coordination to titanium (IV) is always through the oxygen atom. The phenyl derivatives of urea led to dinuclear complexes which were best explained by assuming halogen bridging between the titanium atoms. Thiourea and its derivatives gave complexes in which coordination occurred through one of the nitrogens in the case of thiourea and through both nitrogens in the case of the derivatives. Halogen bridging was again assumed to explain the formation of the dinuclear complexes.

COORDINATION COMPLEXES OF GROUP (IV) HALIDES: PREPARATION AND INFRARED SPECTRA OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE, TITANIUM TETRABROMIDE, ZIRCONIUM TETRACHLORIDE, AND TIN TETRACHLORIDE WITH α,ω-DINITRILES AS LIGANDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2130-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumer Chand Jain ◽  
Roland Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Coordination Complexes ◽  
Bidentate Ligand ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Short Chain Length ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Titanium Tetrabromide ◽  
Tin Tetrachloride

Coordination complexes between dinitriles of dicarboxylic acids and tetrahalides of titanium, zirconium, or tin have been prepared. The analytical results and the infrared spectra indicate that on working under different experimental conditions three types of compounds are obtained: 2MX4.L—L, MX4.L—L, and MX4.2L—L where MX4 is a Lewis acid and L—L a bidentate ligand. The compounds 2MX4.L—L are explained by the formation of halogen bridging between the two metal atoms. The compounds MX4.L—L are considered to be either coordination polymers or chelates of variable ring size and the compounds MX4.2L—L, ordinary addition compounds where no chelation takes place because of the mutual interaction of the two CN groups in a dinitrile of a short chain length.

The Kidney and Fibrinolysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 026-032 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Renal Origin ◽  
Molecular Exclusion Chromatography

SummaryMolecular exclusion chromatography was performed on samples of urine from normal and aminonucleoside nephrotic rats. Normal urine contained 2 peaks of urokinase activity, one having a molecular weight of 22,000 and the other around 200,000. Nephrotic urine contained three peaks of activity with MW’s 126,000, 60,000 and 30,000. Plasma activator determined from euglobulin precipitate had a MW. in excess of 200,000. The results indicate that in the normal animal, plasma plasminogen activator does not escape into the urine in substantial quantities but under the conditions of extreme proteinuria there may be some loss through the kidney. The alteration in urokinase output in nephrotic animals indicates a greatly disordered renal fibrinolytic enzyme system.The findings of this study largely support the hypothesis that plasma plasminogen activator of renal origin and urinary plasminogen activator (urokinase) are different molecular species.

Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight Urokinase from Native Human Urine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Huber ◽  
Johannes Kirchheimer ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
Sequential Adsorption

SummaryUrokinase (UK) could be purified to apparent homogeneity starting from crude urine by sequential adsorption and elution of the enzyme to gelatine-Sepharose and agmatine-Sepharose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The purified product exhibited characteristics of the high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) but did contain two distinct entities, one of which exhibited a two chain structure as reported for the HMW-UK while the other one exhibited an apparent single chain structure. The purification described is rapid and simple and results in an enzyme with probably no major alterations. Yields are high enough to obtain purified enzymes for characterization of UK from individual donors.

Hygroscopic behavior and chemical reactivity of aerosols generated from mixture solutions of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids and NaCl

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Li Wu ◽  
Ji-Soo Lee ◽  
Chul-Un Ro
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Hygroscopic Behavior

Ambient sea spray aerosols (SSAs) have been reported to undergo reactions with low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids (LMW DCAs). In the present study, the hygroscopic behavior of aerosols generated from...

Barricyclin D1—a dimeric ellagitannin with a macrocyclic structure—and accompanying tannins from Barringtonia racemosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Yoshikawa ◽  
Lih-Geeng Chen ◽  
Morio Yoshimura ◽  
Yoshiaki Amakura ◽  
Tsutomu Hatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Macrocyclic Structure

Abstract Our examination of high molecular weight polyphenolic constituents in the leaves of Barringtonia racemosa of the family Lecythidaceae uncovered five previously undescribed ellagitannins. One, barringtin M1 (1), among them was a hydrolysable tannin monomer, while remaining four, barringtins D1 (2), D2 (3), D3 (4) and barricyclin D1 (5), were all dimers. Barricyclin D1 had a first macrocyclic structure formed from casuarictin (6) and tellimagrandin I (7), and the other ellagitannins had structures related to 5. Two additional known phenolics, valoneic acid dilactone (8) and schimawalin A (9), were also isolated from the leaves. These results suggested that the leaves of B. racemosa is a natural resource rich in hydrolysable tannin oligomers.

Predictions of Current Attachment at Thermionic Cathode for TIG Arcs

2008 ◽  
Vol 580-582 ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Tanaka ◽  
Kentaro Yamamoto ◽  
Tashiro Shinichi ◽  
John J. Lowke
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Thermionic Cathode ◽  
Uniform Current

Study of current attachment at thermionic cathode for TIG arc at atmospheric pressure is attempted from numerical calculations of arc-electrodes unified model. The calculations show that the maximum temperature of arc plasma close to the cathode tip for W-2% ThO2 reaches 19,000 K and it is the highest value in comparison with the other temperatures for W-2% La2O3 and W-2% CeO2, because the current attachment at the cathode tip is constricted by a centralized limitation of liquid area of ThO2 due to its higher melting point. The calculations also show that, in cases of W- 2% La2O3 and W-2% CeO2, the liquid areas of La2O3 and Ce2O3 are widely expanded at the cathode tip due to their lower melting points and then produce uniform current attachments at the cathode. It is concluded that the current attachment at thermionic cathode is strongly dependent on work function, melting point and Richardson constant of emitter materials.

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