sGAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART XI. THE VOLATILE OIL OF THE LEAVES OF JUNIPERUS SCOPULORUM SARG

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1890-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
F. M. Couchman
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum

The neutral leaf oil of Rocky Mountain juniper was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. d-Sabinene was found to be the major constituent (45.7%) and smaller amounts of d-limonene (11.4%), d-α-pinene (4.2%), γ-terpinene (1.15%), p-cymene (1.4%), l-linalool (1.2%), d-terpinen-4-ol (2.9%), citronellol (0.2%),l-β-elemene (0.2–0.3%), three isomeric cadinenes (2.7%), l-elemol (6.0%), and safrole (1.85%) were isolated. α-Thujene, camphene, car-3-ene, myrcene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, thujone, isothujone, methyl citronellate, sabinyl acetate, sabinol, geraniol, α- and δ-cadinol, and trans-isoeugenol were tentatively identified. An unidentified acetate (II) (4.7%) was isolated from the oxygenated sesquiterpene fraction and another appears to be present in trace amounts.The composition of the oils from the leaves of four local ornamental plants was found to differ significantly from that of the wild juniper.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART XIII. THE VOLATILE OIL OF THE LEAVES OF JUNIPERUS HORIZONTALS MOENCH

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Couchman ◽  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Leaf Oil

The neutral leaf oil of the creeping juniper from the Prairies was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. d-Sabinene (36.5%) was found to be the major constituent, and smaller amounts of d-limonene (17.5%), p-cymene (3.0%), d-α-pinene (1.6%), γ-terpinene (0.4%), d-terpinen-4-ol (4.6%), linalool (0.8%), citronellol (0.8%), γ-cadinene (1.3%), l-elemol (3.8%), α-cadinol or γ-eudesmol (1.6%), and impure α-cyperone (3.9%) were isolated. α-Thujene (3.0%), camphene (0.2%), β-pinene (0.3%), myrcene (3.0%),β-phellandrene (0.2%,), terpinolene (0.1%), 2,4-(8)-p-menthadiene (0.1%), methyl citronellate (0.4%), and geraniol (0.2%) were tentatively identified. The composition of this oil closely resembles that of Rocky Mountain juniper leaves. A small amount of the oil from a hybrid of these two species was analyzed and the possibility of detecting hybridization by analysis of the leaf oil is discussed.

Gas-liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVI. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus ashei Buchholz

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Juniperus Ashei ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unique Chemical

The major components of the leaf oil of the Ashe juniper were found to be d-camphor (42.1 %), d-bornyl acetate (22.5%), d-limonene (8.4%), tricyclene (4.8%), d-camphene (4.4%), d-borneol (2.9%), p-cymene (2.8%), d-α-myrcene (1.8%), d-α-pinene (1.7%), and d-camphene hydrate (1.5%). This appears to be the first time that the latter alcohol has been isolated from a natural source. Smaller amounts of linalool, carvone, elemol, and traces of trans-2-methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol were also identified. Several alcohols having terminal methylene groups were isolated in trace amounts.The monoterpenes found in this oil are not typical for the genus Juniperus and this result offers a unique chemical approach to the study of introgression of the Ashe juniper with other juniper species.

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): II. THE LEAF OIL OF PICEA GLAUCA AND P. MARIANA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ecological Differences

The leaf oils from white and black spruce obtained from different locations in Western and Eastern Canada, Michigan, and Minnesota, have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Both species were found to have a remarkably consistent and distinctive distribution pattern of the leaf oil terpenes. The quantitative variations encountered in samples of the same species from different populations are relatively small and ecological differences are not found to affect the leaf oil composition. Hence, analysis of spruce leaf oils appears to be highly suitable for a study of introgression and hybridization.

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Origanum syriacum L.

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
RASHA K. DAOUK ◽  
SHAWKY M. DAGHER ◽  
ELSA J. SATTOUT
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Origanum Oil ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

The volatile oil of the Lebanese Za'atar (Origanum syriacum L.) was characterized for its thymol and carvacrol content using gas-liquid chromatography. These two compounds constituted the major components of the oil and were present in equal proportions of 30% in the volatile oil extracted from the leaves and shoot tips of the Origanum plant during the preflowering stage. The percentage of carvacrol in the essential oil increased to 62% after flowering and maturation, while the concentration of thymol decreased to 14%. Origanum oil extracted from plants collected during midseason was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium species. The oil exhibited strong inhibitory action against the three fungi tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was found to be 0.1 μl/ml of yeast extract sucrose broth for the fungi tested.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART IV. THE ANALYSIS OF THE VOLATILE OIL OF THE LEAVES OF EASTERN WHITE CEDAR

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Eastern White Cedar

The complete analysis of the neutral volatile oil of the leaves of Eastern white cedar (Thujaoccidentalis L.) by means of gas–liquid chromatography was attempted. The mixture of terpenes was resolved into 28 monoterpenoid components and the major ones were isolated in 5- to 20-mg amounts. Comparison of infrared spectra and retention times with those of authentic specimens led to the positive identification of d-α-pinene, camphene, sabinene, d-limonene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, l-fenchone, l-α-thujone, d-isothujone, camphor, and bornyl acetate. α-Thujene, β-pinene, myrcene, 1,8-cineole, terpinolene, and terpinen-4-ol were tentatively identified. The percentage composition of a commercial sample of the oil and of one obtained from a tree grown in Saskatoon was determined. The latter oil contained 7.0 to 7.5% of sesquiterpenoid components, which were resolved into four peaks on polyester columns at 180 °C.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART X. THE VOLATILE OILS OF THE LEAVES OF SITKA AND ENGELMANN SPRUCE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VON RUDLOFF
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Aliphatic Esters

The leaf oils from Sitka and Engelmann spruce were obtained in 0.36 and 0.094% yield respectively. The average percentage composition was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Sitka spruce leaf oil was found to contain mainly d-myrcene (23.5%), l-piperitone (23.2%), and d-camphor (17.2%). Smaller amounts of 1,8-cineole, l-β-phellandrene, p-cymene, two aliphatic esters, d-bornyl acetate, d-borneol, and d-terpinen-4-ol were also isolated and several other esters appeared to be present in small amounts. Engelmann spruce leaf oil was found to contain mainly cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (18.5%), d-camphor (16.0%), d-bornyl acetate (8.6%), d-linalool (5.8%), and two unidentified compounds. Smaller amounts of myrcene, β-phellandrene, p-cymene, piperitone, and several sesquiterpenoids were also recorded. Tricyclene, α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene were found in small amounts in both oils.Phylogenetic relationships between the different spruces and other conifers are discussed.

Detection of Admixtures of Turmeric, Curcuma longa Linn., with Curcuma aromatica Salisb. by Thin Layer and Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333-1337
Author(s):  
Kalyan G Raghuveer ◽  
Venkatesa S Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Abstract Simple and definitive thin layer chromatographic methods are described for the detection of admixtures of Curcuma longa with Curcuma aromatica at the 5% levels. The tests are performed on hexane extracts, thus avoiding distillation of the volatile oil, and are based on the separation of high boiling sesquiterpene compounds by hexane or benzene. Chromatograms are sprayed with vanillin-sulfuric acid or Gibbs reagent to give distinct spots for C. aromatica which are absent from C. longa. Gas chromatography of the extracts also distinguishes the admixtures through a late-eluting peak for C. aromatica.

Gas–liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVIII. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus communis L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2081-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
V. K. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Hydroxy Ketone ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Citronellyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
The Many ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Common Juniper

The volatile leaf oil of the local common juniper was found to consist mainly of α-pinene (73 to 83%) and smaller amounts (0.5 to 5%) of β-pinene, 3-carene, myrcene, limonene, methyl citronellate, bornyl acetate, myrtenal, myrtenol, myrtenyl acetate, α-terpineol, citronellol, citronellyl acetate, nerolidol, farnesol, and an unusual hydroxy ketone. Of the many trace constituents, β-phellandrene, citronellal, "iso-" citronellal, linalool, geraniol, isopulegol, 4-terpinenol, and ε-cadinene were isolated, whereas camphene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, p-cymene, fenchone, thujone, isothujone and δ-cadinene could only be tentatively identified.There was little variation in the quantitative composition of the leaf oil from one plant to another. Since the composition of this oil differs significantly from that of other juniper leaf oils, chemotaxonomic studies by means of leaf oil analysis are feasible.

Gas–liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVII. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus virginiana L.

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 3743-3750 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Vinutha ◽  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Error ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aromatic Ether

The leaf oil of the red juniper was found to contain mainly sabinene, as well as limonene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, 3-carene, myrcene, 4-terpinenol, citronellol, elemol, γ-, α-, and β-eudesmol, the aromatic ethers estragole, safrole, methyl eugenol, and elemicin. Another aromatic ether, methyl vinyl anisole, was isolated which has not been found previously in essential oils. The acetates 1 and 2 obtained previously in two related juniper leaf oils were present and the first has been identified as elemol acetate. Small amounts of α-thujene, p-cymene, linalool, and δ-cadinene were also identified.Quantitative aspects were studied with a view of future chemosystematic investigations. The error in duplicate runs was 0.1% for well-resolved peaks, but the absolute error, as determined by use of internal standards, was larger. Leaf oils of different trees from Texas and Ontario were found to give wide quantitative variations of the individual components.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART VIII. THE VOLATILE OIL OF TANACETUM VULGARE L.

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1737-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Methylene Group ◽  
Commercial Oil

The chemical composition of the commercial oil of tansy and of that obtained from a local tansy species was determined by means of gas–liquid chromatography. Both oils contained d-isothujone as the major component (68.5%, 58%). The commercial oil contained fairly large amounts of l-camphor (13.9%), whereas that from local plants had only traces of camphor and 19.8% of l-thujone. The minor components isolated and identified in both oils were l-α -pinene, l-camphene, d-sabinene, d-limonene, 1:8-cineole, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, d-terpinen-4-ol, l-carvotanacetone, and l-borneol. Small amounts of α-thujene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, neoisothujyl and isothujyl alcohols, and dihydrocarvone were identified by retention characteristics only. Car-4-ene, isomeric alloocimenes, and carvomenthone may also be present. An unknown, crystalline monoterpene alcohol with a terminal methylene group was isolated in small amounts. A sesquiterpene (3.7%) was obtained from the oil of local plants.Prefractionation of these oils by fractional distillation resulted in extensive isomerization of isothujone to dl-carvotanacetone. Such a rearrangement was not encountered during prefractionation by preparative gas–liquid chromatography.

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